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| 1 | Suicide transport blockade of motor neuron survival generates a focal graded injury and functional deficit显示文摘We describe a pre-clinical spinal cord motor neuron injury model that is minimal invasive, reproducible, focal and easily applied to small rodents.Retrograde axonal transport of a pro-apoptotic phosphatidylinosotol 3'-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, via the sciatic nerve results in loss of ipsilateral lumbar motor neurons proportional to the level of drug administered.Motor neuron loss was detected by choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) immunostaining and with a transgenic thy1-eGFP marker.The short half-life of wortmannin generates minimal wound spread, and wortmannin does not affect axon transport, as determined by co-injection of a pseudorabies virus tracer.Using quantitative transcript analysis, we found that ChAT transcripts significantly decreased at 14 days post-delivery of 1 μg wortmannin, relative to sham controls, and remained low after 90 days.Smaller effects were observed with 200 ng and 100 ng wortmannin.Wortmannin also generated a transient and significant increase in astrocyte Gfap transcripts after 14 days with a return to control levels at 90 days.Treated mice had hind limb spasticity and a forced motor function defect that was quantified using a water exit test.Controls rapidly exit a shallow water tray, and wortmannin treated animals were up to 12-fold slower, a phenotype that persisted for at least 3 months.Thus the focal delivery of wortmannin to motor neurons generates a reproducible and scalable injury that can facilitate quantitative studies on neural regeneration and repair.The efficacy of sciatic nerve suicide transport can also explain neurotoxin-mediated selective loss of motor neurons in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.All procedures were performed at Rutgers under established Institutional Animal Care and Use protocols(eIACUC_TR201800022, approved on March 20, 2018). | Allison S.Liang Joanna E.Pagano Christopher A.Chrzan Randall D.McKinnon | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，7： | 3 |
| 2 | Interleukin‐17 exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘 | Y.Tang Z.Bian L.Zhao Y.Liu S.Liang Q.Wang X.Han Y.Peng X.Chen L.Shen D.Qiu Z.Li X.Ma | 2011 | Clinical & Experimental Immunology2011，，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Interleukin‐17 exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘 | Y.Tang Z.Bian L.Zhao Y.Liu S.Liang Q.Wang X.Han Y.Peng X.Chen L.Shen D.Qiu Z.Li X.Ma | 2011 | Clinical & Experimental Immunology2011，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Observation of a highly conductive warm dense state of water with ultrafast pump–probe freeelectron-laser measurements显示文摘The electrical conductivity of water under extreme temperatures and densities plays a central role in modeling planetary magnetic fields.Experimental data are vital to test theories of high-energy-densitywater and assess the possible development and presence of extraterrestrial life.These states are also important in biology and chemistry studies when specimens in water are confined and excited using ultrafast optical or free-electron lasers(FELs).Here we utilize femtosecond optical lasers to measure the transient reflection and transmission of ultrathin water sheet samples uniformly heated by a 13.6 nm FEL approaching a highly conducting state at electron temperatures exceeding 20000 K.The experiment probes the trajectory ofwater through the high-energy-density phase space and provides insights into changes in the index of refraction,charge carrier densities,andACelectrical conductivity at optical frequencies.At excitation energy densities exceeding 10MJ/kg,the index of refraction falls to n0.7,and the thermally excited free-carrier density reaches ne531027 m−3,which is over an order of magnitude higher than that of the electron carriers produced by direct photoionization.Significant specular reflection is observed owing to critical electron density shielding of electromagnetic waves.Themeasured optical conductivity reaches 23104 S/m,a value that is one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of simplemetals in a liquid state.At electron temperatures below 15000 K,the experimental results agreewell with the theoretical calculations using density-functional theory/molecular-dynamics simulations.With increasing temperature,the electron density increases and the system approaches a Fermi distribution.In this regime,the conductivities agree better with predictions from the Ziman theory of liquid metals. | Z.Chen X.Na C.B.Curry S.Liang M.French A.Descamps D.P.DePonte J.D.Koralek J.B.Kim S.Lebovitz M.Nakatsutsumi B.K.Ofori-Okai R.Redmer C.Roedel M.Schörner S.Skruszewicz P.Sperling S.Toleikis M.Z.Mo S.H.Glenzer | 2021 | Matter and Radiation at Extremes2021，6，5： | 0 |
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