| 1 | Microbial Degradation of Organophosphate Pesticides: A Review显示文摘Pesticides have become an inevitable part of the modern environment as they are widely used in agriculture,household,and public health sectors and,hence,are extensively distributed throughout most ecosystems.Currently,organophosphate pesticides are the most commercially favored group of pesticides,with large application areas all over the world.Depending on their fate,these organophosphorus compounds may become bioavailable for microbial degradation.Environmental microbes,such as Aspergillus,Pseudomonas,Chlorella,and Arthrobacter,are capable of coupling a variety of physical and biochemical mechanisms for the degradation of organophosphate pesticides,including adsorption,hydrolysis of P–O alkyl and aryl bonds,photodegradation,and enzymatic mineralization.Enzymes,such as esterase,diisopropyl fluorophosphatase,phosphotriesterase,somanase,parathion hydrolase,and paraoxonase,have been isolated from microbes to study and understand the catabolic pathways involved in the biotransformation of these xenobiotic compounds.This review highlights various aspects of biodegradation of organophosphate pesticides along with biological and molecular characterization of some organophosphate pesticide-degrading bacteria. | Shardendu KUMAR Garima KAUSHIK Mohd Ashraf DAR Surendra NIMESH Ulrico Javier LOPEZ-CHUKEN Juan Francisco VILLARREAL-CHIU | 2018 | Pedosphere2018，28，2： | 12 |
| 7 | Removal of Heavy Metals by Two Free Floating Aquatic Macrophytes显示文摘A concentration-dependent decrease in biomass, protein, RNA, DNA, and nutrient (NO3- and PO43-) uptake of Lemna minor and Azolla pinnata by Cr, Ni, and Zn was detected. Cr was found to exert maximum toxicity followed by Ni and Zn. Metal uptake was dependent on time and concentration of metal in the external rnedium. Both the macrophytes, however, showed preference for Zn followed by Ni and Cr. The uptake kinetics also revealed a low Vmax and high Km for Cr. L. minor was more effcient in accumulating Zn and Cr than A. pinnata in Ni. Compared to immobilized algae and bacterial capsules the test macrophytes showed a greater efficiency for metal | NIRUPAMAMALLICK SHARDENDU 等 | 1996 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1996，9，4： | 0 |
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