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| 1 | Spatial assessment of forest cover and land-use changes in the Hindu-Kush mountain ranges of northern Pakistan显示文摘Anthropogenic activities and natural processes are continuously altering the mountainous environment through deforestation, forest degradation and other land-use changes. It is highly important to assess, monitor and forecast forest cover and other land-use changes for the protection and conservation of mountainous environment. The present study deals with the assessment of forest cover and other land-use changes in the mountain ranges of Dir Kohistan in northern Pakistan, using high resolution multi-temporal SPOT-5 satellite images. The SPOT-5 satellite images of years 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013 were acquired and classified into land-cover units. In addition, forest cover and land-use change detection map was developed using the classified maps of 2004 and 2013. The classified maps were verified through random field samples and Google Earth imagery(Quick birds and SPOT-5). The results showed that during the period 2004 to 2013 the area of forest land decreased by 6.4%, however, area of range land and agriculture land have increased by 22.1% and 2.9%, respectively. Similarly, barren land increased by 1.1%, whereas, area of snow cover/glacier is significantly decreased by 21.3%. The findings from the study will be useful for forestry and landscape planning and can be utilized by the local, provincial and national forest departments; and REDD+ policy makers in Pakistan. | Sami ULLAH Muhammad FAROOQ Muhammad SHAFIQUE Muhammad Afra SIYAB Fazli KAREEM Matthias DEES | 2016 | Journal of Mountain Science2016，13，7： | 4 |
| 2 | Graphene transfer methods: A review显示文摘Graphene is a material with unique properties that can be exploited in electronics, catalysis, energy, and bio-related fields. Although, for maximal utilization of this material, high-quality graphene is required at both the growth process and after transfer of the graphene film to the application-compatible substrate. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an important method for growing high-quality graphene on non-technological substrates (as, metal substrates, e.g., copper foil). Thus, there are also considerable efforts toward the efficient and non-damaging transfer of quality of graphene on to technologically relevant materials and systems. In this review article, a range of graphene current transfer techniques are reviewed from the standpoint of their impact on contamination control and structural integrity preservation of the as-produced graphene. In addition, their scalability, cost- and time-effectiveness are discussed. We summarize with a perspective on the transfer challenges, alternative options and future developments toward graphene technology. | Sami Ullah Xiaoqin Yang Huy Q.Ta Maria Hasan Alicja Bachmatiuk Klaudia Tokarska Barbara Trzebicka Lei Fu Mark H.Rummeli | 2021 | Nano Research2021，14，11： | 3 |
| 3 | 拓扑量子催化:TiSi家族的拓扑节线态和潜在催化析氢性能(英文)显示文摘拓扑节线半金属具有体能带反转形成的闭合环状狄拉克节线.体狄拉克节线投影到某些表面会形成闭合的圈,圈内会出现受拓扑保护的能量色散非常小的鼓膜状表面态,导致在费米能级具有高的电子密度.目前,为寻求贵金属铂的替代物,新的析氢反应催化剂需要具有高电子密度的催化活性位置,高的载流子移动性和恰当的热力学稳定性(ΔG≈0).由鉴于此,我们考虑具有稳定拓扑非平庸表面态的狄拉克节线半金属是否可以作为析氢催化的平台.基于第一性原理计算,我们提出TiSi型拓扑节线态半金属新家族.在其倒空间k_y=0面,反转的两条能带相交形成闭合的狄拉克节线环.氢吸附过程计算表明,拓扑狄拉克节线完整投影的(010)表面氢吸附自由能ΔG几乎为0.并且,拓扑电荷载流子也参与到了析氢过程.综上,我们提出拓扑狄拉克节线系统可以利用其鼓膜类拓扑表面态作为拓扑量子催化的平台,并认为TiSi家族材料有望成为析氢反应的催化剂,这种催化设计路线主要利用拓扑节线材料非平庸鼓膜类表面态作为催化活性位置,与以往传统通过缺陷、界面修饰和构筑等调控催化剂存在本质不同. | 李江旭 马会 谢庆 封少波 Sami Ullah 李荣汉 董俊华 李殿中 李依依 陈星秋 | 2018 | Science China Materials2018，61，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Methanolic extract from Lespedeza bicolor: potential candidates for natural antioxidant and anticancer agent显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities along with total phenolic and flavonoids contents extracted from Lespedeza bicolor indigenous to Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan.METHODS: Anticancer activity against human lung carcinoma(LU-1) and human prostate carcinoma(Ln Cap), antimicrobial against Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Mucor sp Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus and antioxidant activity on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy(DPPH) and Hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity were assessed in methanol extract o Lespedeza bicolor.RESULTS: Lespedeza bicolor aerial parts and root extract showed IC_(50)value of 12.5 and 50 μg/m L against LU-1 whereas, ≤ 12.5 and 12 μg/m L were calculated against Ln Cap cell line. Minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) value of 20-35 μg/m L has been observed against Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani and Mucor sp in comparision with 1-2.5 μg/m L of Terbinafine used as a standard fungicide. MIC value of 20 and 35 μg/m L of Lespedeza bicolor aerial parts and root extract against bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia and 20-50 μg/m L against Enterococcus has been measured. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Lespedeza bicolor with IC_(50)values of ≤ 50 μg/m L and ≤ 200 μg/m L was observed whereas, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with IC_(50)values of ≤25 μg/m L for aerial parts and ≤ 50 μg/m L for the root extract of Lespedeza bicolor has been shown.CONCLUSION: These data suggested that the methanolic extract of Lespedeza bicolor could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants and anticancer. | Sami Ullah | 2017 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2017，37，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Effects of Halloysite Nanotube Reinforcement in Expandable Graphite Based Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings Developed Using Hybrid Epoxy Binder System显示文摘In this study, the effects of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) reinforcement in expandable graphite based intumescent fire retardant coatings (IFRCs) developed using a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)/phenol BA epoxy system were investigated. Intumescent coating formulations were developed by incorporating different weight percentages of HNTs and PDMS in basic intumescent ingredients (ammonium polyphosphate/melamine/boric acid/expandable graphite, APP/MEL/BA/EG). The performance of intumescent formulations was investigated by furnace fire test, Bunsen burner fire test, field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The Bunsen burner fire test results indicated that the fire performance of HNTs and PDMS reinforced intumescent formulation has improved due to the development of silicate network over the char residue. Improved expansion in char residue was also noticed in the formulation, SH(3), due to the minimum decomposition of char carbon. FESEM and TEM results validated the development of silicate network over char layer of coating formulations. A considerable mass loss difference was noticed during thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of intumescent coating formulations. Reference formulation, SH(0) with no filler, degraded at 300 °C and lost 50% of its total mass but SH(3), due to synergistic effects between PDMS and HNTs, degraded above 400 °C and showed the maximum thermal stability. XRD analysis showed the development of thermally stable compound mulltie, due to the synergism of HNTs and siloxane during intumescent reactions, which enhanced fire performance. FTIR analysis showed the presence of incorporated siloxane and silicates bonds in char residue, which endorsed the toughness of intumescent char layer produced. Moreover, the synergistic effect of HNTs, PDMS, and other basic intumescent ingredients enhanced the polymer cross-linking in binder system and improved fire resistive performance of coatings. | Qandeel Fatima Gillan Faiz Ahmad M.I.Abdul Mutalib Puteri S.M.Megat-Yusoff Sami Ullah | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Polymer Science2018，36，11： | 2 |
| 6 | Use of cotton gin trash to enhance denitrification in restored forested wetlands 显示文摘 | SAMI ULLAH FAULKNER S P | 2006 | Forest Ecology and Management2006，237，： | 1 |
| 7 | SARS-CoV-2:A critical review of its history,pathogenesis,transmission,diagnosis and treatment显示文摘The outbreak of the deadly virus(novel coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2)that emerged in December 2019,remained a controversial subject of intense speculations regarding its origin,became a worldwide health problemresulting in serious coronavirus disease 2019(acronym COVID-19).The concern regarding this new viral strain“Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2”(acronym SARS-CoV-2)and diseases it causes(COVID-19)is well deserved at all levels.The incidence of COVID-19 infection and infectious patients are increasing at a high rate.Coronaviruses(CoVs),enclosed positive-sense RNA viruses,are distinguished by club-like spikes extending from their surface,an exceptionally large genome of RNA,and a special mechanism for replication.Coronaviruses are associated with a broad variety of human and other animal diseases spanning fromenteritis in cattle and pigs and upper chicken respiratory disease to extremely lethal human respiratory infections.With World Health Organization(WHO)declaring COVID-19 as pandemic,we deemed it necessary to provide a detailed review of coronaviruses discussing their history,current situation,coronavirus classification,pathogenesis,structure,mode of action,diagnosis and treatment,the effect of environmental factors,risk reduction and guidelines to understand the virus and develop ways to control it. | Mohd Sharjeel Sofi Aadil Hamid Sami Ullah Bhat | 2020 | Biosafety and Health2020，2，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of boric acid and melamine on the intumescent fire-retardant coating composition for the fire protection of structural steel substrates 显示文摘 | Sami Ullah Faiz Ahmad Megat Yusoff P S M | 2013 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2013，128，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Structural, elastic, and electronic properties of topological semimetal WC-type MX family by first-principles calculation显示文摘Recently, the non-centrosymmetric WC-type materials(i.e., MoP, ZrTe, TaN, etc) have attracted extensive interest due to the discovery of their topological properties.By means of the first-principles calculations, here we have investigated the structural, thermodynamic, elastic, and electronic properties of the WC-type MX compounds(TiS, TiSe, TiTe, ZrS, ZrSe,ZrTe, HfS, HfSe, and HfTe).Among these nine compounds, five of them(TiS, ZrS, ZrSe0.9, ZrTe, and Hf0.92 Se) have been experimentally synthesized to crystallize in the WC-type structure and other four members have never been reported.Our calculations demonstrated that they are all structurally, thermodynamically, and dynamically stable, indicating that all of them should be possibly synthesized.We have also derived their elastic constants of single crystalline and their bulk and shear moduli in terms of the R.Hill approximations.Furthermore, in similarity to ZrTe, all these compounds have been theoretically derived to be topological semimetals.Whereas TiS is unique because of the coexistence of the Dirac nodal lines(DNLs) and sixfold degenerate nodal points(sixfold DNPs), the other eight members are revealed to exhibit coexisted Weyl nodes(WPs) and triply degenerate nodal points(TDNPs).Their electronic and topological properties have been further discussed. | Sami Ullah 王磊 李江旭 李荣汉 陈星秋 | 2019 | Chinese Physics B2019，28，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Preparation of epoxy resin/rare earth doped aluminate nanocomposite toward photoluminescent and superhydrophobic transparent woods显示文摘A translucent wooden substrate with long-lasting phosphorescence,high photostability and durability,tough surface,ultraviolet protection,high optical transmittance,and superhydrophobicity was developed.This long-lasting phosphorescent wooden substrate is able to continue emitting light for extended time periods.Lignin-modified wood(LMW)was immobilized with a solution of epoxy resin(ER)and rare-earth doped aluminate(REDA)phosphor nanoparticles(NPs).For an improved dispersion of pigment,REDA was synthesized in a nanoscale particle size,and characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)to indicate a particle size of 8-14 nm.The crystal structure of REDA nanoparticles was also proved by X-ray diffraction(XRD).For an improved production of long-persistent phosphorescent colo rless woods,REDA must be well-dispersed in MAA without aggregation.Absorption and emissio n,as well as decay and lifetime spectra were explored.The morphologies of the wooden substrates with different ratios of REDA were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray fluorescence(XRF)analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),elemental mapping,and energy-dispersion Xray(EDXA).The phosphorescent woods show changes in color from colorless to green under ultraviolet(UV)irradiation,and to yellowish-green in the dark,as proved by the colorimetric parameters of the CIE Lab system.The afterglow wood samples display an absorbance band at 365 nm and two phosphorescent bands at 431 and 520 nm.Improved UV shielding,photostability,and hydrophobicity were explored.With increasing REDA ratio,both static contact and slide angles are found to improve in the ranges of147.6°-163.6°and 9°-14°,respectively.The long-lasting photoluminescence is optimized at a REDA ratio of 8%.The present strategy shows a large-scale production approach of multiple functional woods for many potential applications,such as smart glow in the dark windows and safety signs. | Mehrez E.El-Naggar Sami Ullah S.Wageh M.A.Abu-Saied Tawfik A.Khattab Dalal Alhashmialameer Manal Abou Taleb E.A.Matter | 2023 | Journal of Rare Earths2023，41，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Enhancing environmental quality in the United States by linking biomass energy consumption and load capacity factor显示文摘This study analyzes the impact of biomass energy,financial development,and economic growth on environmental quality using the novel Fourier autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)approach on annual data for the period 1965–2018 in the United States(USA).The study analyzes the impact of related variables on the load capacity factor(LCF)as well as on indicators of environmental degradation such as carbon dioxide emissions and ecological footprint.The LCF is one of the most comprehensive environmental indicators to date,encompassing both biocapacity and ecological footprint.In this regard,this study contributes to the environmental economics literature by examining,for the first time,the impact of biomass energy on the LCF.The results of the cointegration test show that there is only a long-run relationship between the LCF and the independent variables.According to the Fourier ARDL results,biomass energy improves the environmental quality,while financial development has no effect on the LCF.Moreover,the increase in per capita income reduces the LCF.Furthermore,since the income elasticity is larger in the long run than in the short-run,the environmental Kuznets curve is validated.Therefore,the United States government should encourage the use of biomass and investment in this form of energy. | Ugur Korkut Pata Mustafa Tevfik Kartal Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo Sami Ullah | 2023 | Geoscience Frontiers2023，14，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Use of cotton gin trash to enhance denitrification in restored forested wetlandsp显示文摘 | SAMI ULLAH STEPHEN P FAULKNER | 2006 | Forest Ecology and Maaagement2006，，37： | 1 |
| 13 | Denitrification potential of different land -use types in an agricultural watershed,lower Mississippi valley 显示文摘 | SAMI ULLAH FAULKNER S P | 2006 | Ecological Engineering2006，28，： | 1 |
| 14 | Significance of activation energy and Wu's slip features in Cross nanofluid with motile microorganisms显示文摘The current article investigates the impact of the bioconvection in an unsteady flow of magnetized Cross nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms and activation energy over a linearly stretched configuration.The analysis has been performed by utilizing the realistic Wu's slip boundary and zero mass flux conditions.The effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and the activation energy are also addressed.The governing flow equations are deduced to a dimensionless form by considering suitable transformations which are numerically targeted via a shooting algorithm.The physical visualization of each physical parameter governing the flow problem has been displayed graphically for distribution of velocity,temperature,concentration and motile microorganisms.The numerical treatment for the variation of skin friction coefficient,local Nusselt number,local Sherwood number and motile density number is performed in tabular forms. | Sami Ullah Khan Hassan Waqas Taseer Muhammad Muhammad Imran Malik Zaka Ullah | 2020 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2020，72，10： | 0 |
| 15 | Computational Analysis for Computer Network Model with Fuzziness显示文摘A susceptible,exposed,infectious,quarantined and recovered(SEIQR)model with fuzzy parameters is studied in this work.Fuzziness in the model arises due to the different degrees of susceptibility,exposure,infectivity,quarantine and recovery among the computers under consideration due to the different sizes,models,spare parts,the surrounding environments of these PCs and many other factors like the resistance capacity of the individual PC against the virus,etc.Each individual PC has a different degree of infectivity and resis-tance against infection.In this scenario,the fuzzy model has richer dynamics than its classical counterpart in epidemiology.The reproduction number of the developed model is studied and the equilibrium analysis is performed.Two different techniques are employed to solve the model numerically.Numerical simulations are performed and the obtained results are compared.Positivity and convergence are maintained by the suggested technique which are the main features of the epidemic models. | Wafa F.Alfwzan Dumitru Baleanu Fazal Dayan Sami Ullah Nauman Ahmed Muhammad Rafiq Ali Raza | 2023 | Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing2023，37，8： | 0 |
| 16 | Variations in Surface Urban Heat Island and Urban Cool Island Intensity:A Review Across Major Climate Zones显示文摘The climate has an impact on the urban thermal environment,and the magnitude of the surface urban heat island(SUHI)and urban cool island(UCI)vary across the world’s climatic zones.This literature review investigated:1)the variations in the SUHI and UCI intensity under different climatic backgrounds,and 2)the effect of vegetation types,landscape composition,urban configuration,and water bodies on the SUHI.The SUHI had a higher intensity in tropical(Af(tropical rainy climate,Köppen climate classification),Am(tropical monsoon climate),subtropical(Cfa,subtropical humid climate),and humid continental(Dwa,semi-humid and semi-arid monsoon climate)climate zones.The magnitude of the UCI was low compared to the SUHI across the climate zones.The cool and dry Mediterranean(Cfb,temperate marine climate;Csb,temperate mediterranean climate;Cfa)and tropical climate(Af)areas had a higher cooling intensity.For cities with a desert climate(BWh,tropical desert climate),a reverse pattern was found.The difference in the SUHI in the night-time was greater than in the daytime for most cities across the climate zones.The extent of green space cooling was related to city size,the adjacent impervious surface,and the local climate.Additionally,the composition of urban landscape elements was more significant than their configuration for sustaining the urban thermal environment.Finally,we identified future research gaps for possible solutions in the context of sustainable urbanization in different climate zones. | Muhammad Sadiq KHAN Sami ULLAH CHEN Liding | 2023 | Chinese Geographical Science2023，33，6： | 0 |
| 17 | Medical therapy vs early revascularization in diabetics with chronic total occlusions:A meta-analysis and systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND Management of chronic total occlusions(CTO)in diabetics is challenging,with a recent trend towards early revascularization[ER:Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and bypass grafting]instead of optimal medical therapy(OMT).We hypothesize that ER improves morbidity and mortality outcomes in diabetic patients with CTOs as compared to OMT.AIM To determine the long term clinical outcomes and to compare morbidity and mortality between OMT and ER in diabetic patients with CTOs.METHODS Potentially relevant published clinical trials were identified in Medline,Embase,chemical abstracts and Biosis(from start of the databases till date)and pooled hazard ratios(HR)computed using a random effects model,with significant P value<0.05.Primary outcome of interest was all-cause death.Secondary outcomes included cardiac death,prompt revascularization(ER)or repeat myocardial infarction(MI).Due to scarcity of data,both Randomized control trials and observational studies were included.4 eligible articles,containing 2248 patients were identified(1252 in OMT and 1196 in ER).Mean follow-up was 45-60 mo.RESULTS OMT was associated with a higher all-cause mortality[HR:1.70,95%confidence interval(CI):0.80-3.26,P=0.11]and cardiac mortality(HR:1.68,95%CI:0.96-2.96,P=0.07).Results were close to significance.The risk of repeat MI was almost the same in both groups(HR:0.97,95%CI:0.61-1.54,P=0.90).Similarly,patients assigned to OMT had a higher risk of repeat revascularization(HR:1.62,95%CI:1.36-1.94,P<0.00001).Sub-group analysis of OMT vs PCI demonstrated higher all-cause(HR:1.98,95%CI:1.36-2.87,P=0.0003)and cardiac mortality(HR:1.87,95%CI:0.96-3.62,P=0.06)in the OMT group.The risk of repeat MI was low in the OMT group vs PCI(HR:0.53,95%CI:0.31-0.91,P=0.02).Data on repeat revascularization revealed no difference between the two(HR:1.00,95%CI:0.52-1.93,P=1.00).CONCLUSION In diabetic patients with CTO,there was a trend for improved outcomes with ER regarding all-cause and cardiac death as compared to OMT.These findings were reinforced with statistical significance on subgroup analysis of OMT vs PCI. | Muhammad Shayan Khan Farhad Sami Hemindermeet Singh Waqas Ullah Ma'en Al-Dabbas Khalid Hamid Changal Tanveer Mir Zain Ali Ameer Kabour | 2020 | World Journal of Cardiology2020，12，11： | 0 |
| 18 | In-situ observations of novel single-atom thick 2D tin membranes embedded in graphene显示文摘There is ongoing research in freestanding single-atom thick elemental metal patches,including those suspended in a two-dimensional(2D)material,due to their utility in providing new structural and energetic insight into novel metallic 2D systems.Graphene pores have shown promise as support systems for suspending such patches.This study explores the potential of Sn atoms to form freestanding stanene and/or Sn patches in graphene pores.Sn atoms were deposited on graphene,where they formed novel single-atom thick 2D planar clusters/patches(or membranes)ranging from 1 to 8 atoms within the graphene pores.Patches of three or more atoms adopted either a star-like or close-packed structural configuration.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations were conducted to look at the cluster configurations and energetics(without the graphene matrix)and were found to deviate from experimental observations for 2D patches larger than five atoms.This was attributed to interfacial interactions between the graphene pore edges and Sn atoms.The presented findings help advance the development of single-atom thick 2D elemental metal membranes. | Xiaoqin Yang Huy Q.Ta Wei Li Rafael G.Mendes Yu Liu Qitao Shi Sami Ullah Alicja Bachmatiuk Jinping Luo Lijun Liu Jin-Ho Choi Mark H.Rummeli | 2021 | Nano Research2021，14，3： | 0 |
| 19 | Nitrate-responsive OsMADS27 promotes salt tolerance in rice显示文摘Salt stress is a major constraint on plant growth and yield.Nitrogen(N)fertilizers are known to alleviate salt stress.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we show that nitratedependent salt tolerance is mediated by OsMADS27 in rice.The expression of OsMADS27 is specifically induced by nitrate.The salt-inducible expression of OsMADS27 is also nitrate dependent.OsMADS27 knockout mutants are more sensitive to salt stress than the wild type,whereas OsMADS27 overexpression lines are more tolerant.Transcriptomic analyses revealed that OsMADS27 upregulates the expression of a number of known stress-responsive genes as well as those involved in ion homeostasis and antioxidation.We demonstrate that OsMADS27 directly binds to the promoters of OsHKT1.1 and OsSPL7 to regulate their expression.Notably,OsMADS27-mediated salt tolerance is nitrate dependent and positively correlated with nitrate concentration.Our results reveal the role of nitrate-responsive OsMADS27 and its downstream target genes in salt tolerance,providing a molecular mechanism for the enhancement of salt tolerance by nitrogen fertilizers in rice.OsMADS27 overexpression increased grain yield under salt stress in the presence of sufficient nitrate,suggestingthatOsMADS27 is a promising candidate for the improvementof salt tolerance inrice. | Alamin Alfatih Jing Zhang Ying Song Sami Ullah Jan Zi-Sheng Zhang Jin-Qiu Xia Zheng-Yi Zhang Tahmina Nazish Jie Wu Ping-Xia Zhao Cheng-Bin Xiang | 2023 | Plant Communications2023，4，2： | 0 |
| 20 | Combining Landsat-8 spectral bands with ancillary variables for land cover classification in mountainous terrains of northern Pakistan显示文摘Landsat-8 spectral values have been used to map the earth’s surface information for decades.However,forest types and other land-use/land-cover(LULC)in the mountain terrains exist on different altitudes and climatic conditions.Hence,spectral information alone cannot be sufficient to accurately classify the forest types and other LULC,especially in high mountain complex.In this study,the suitability of Landsat-8 spectral bands and ancillary variables to discriminate forest types,and other LULC,using random forest(RF)classification algorithm for the Hindu Kush mountain ranges of northern Pakistan,was discussed.After prior-examination(multicollinearity)of spectral bands and ancillary variables,three out of six spectral bands and five out of eight ancillary variables were selected with threshold correlation coefficients r2<0.7.The selected datasets were stepwise stacked together and six Input Datasets(ID)were created.The first ID-1 includes only the Surface Reflectance(SR)of spectral bands,and then in each ID,the extra one ancillary variable including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI),Normalized Difference Snow Index(NDSI),Land Surface Temperature(LST),and Digital Elevation Model(DEM)was added.We found an overall accuracy(OA)=72.8%and kappa coefficient(KC)=61.9%for the classification of forest types,and other LULC classes by using the only SR bands of Landsat-8.The OA=81.5%and KC=73.7%was improved by the addition of NDVI,NDWI,and NDSI to the spectral bands of Landsat-8.However,the addition of LST and DEM further increased the OA,and Kappa coefficient(KC)by 87.5%and 82.6%,respectively.This indicates that ancillary variables play an important role in the classification,especially in the mountain terrain,and should be adopted in addition to spectral bands.The output of the study will be useful for the protection and conservation,analysis,climate change research,and other mountains forest-related management information. | Arif UR REHMAN Sami ULLAH Muhammad SHAFIQUE Muhammad Sadiq KHAN Muhammad Tariq BADSHAH LIU Qi-jing | 2021 | Journal of Mountain Science2021，18，9： | 0 |
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