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| 1 | Immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis: Ways to go or almost there?显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma is on the rise and occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.Though treatment modalities are available,mortality from this cancer remains high.Medical therapy with the utilization of biologic compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration approved sorafenib might be the only option that can increase survival.Immunotherapy,with modern pharmacologic developments,is a new frontier in cancer therapy and therefore the immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis is under investigation.This review will discuss current concepts of immunobiology in hepatocarcinogenesis along with current treatment modalities employing immunotherapy.The tumor microenvironment along with a variety of immune cells coexists and interplays to lead to tumorigenesis.Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes including CD8+ T cells,CD4+ T cells along with regulatory T cells,tumor associated macrophages,tumor associated neutrophils,myeloid derived suppressor cells,and natural killer cells interact to actively provide anti-tumor or pro-tumor effects.Furthermore,oncogenic pathways such as Raf/mitogenactivated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway,phosphatidyl-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target or rapamycin,Wnt/β-catenin,nuclear factor-κB and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 may lead to activation and proliferation of tumor cells and are also considered cornerstones in tumorigenesis.Immunotherapy directed at this complex milieu of cells has been showned to be successful in cancer treatment.The use of vaccines,adoptive cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor modulation are current options for therapy.Further translational research will shed light to concepts such as anti-tumor immunity which can add another alternative in the therapeutic armamentarium. | Pavan Patel Steven E Schutzer Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2016，7，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific immune complexes in chronic fatigue syndrome显示文摘 | Schutzer SE Natelson BH | 1999 | Neurology1999，53，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Borrelia burgdorferi-specific immune complexes in acute Lyme disease显示文摘 | Schutzer SE Coyle PK Reid P | 1999 | JAMA1999，282，20： | 1 |
| 4 | Ovarian steroid effects on serotonin 1A, 2A and 2C receptor mRNA in macaque hypothalamus 显示文摘 | Gundlah C Pecins-Thompson M Schutzer WE | 1999 | Brain Res Mol Brain Res1999，63，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Using advanced CAM-systems for optimized HSC-machining of com- plex free form surfaces 显示文摘 | Schutzer K Abele E Stroh C | 2007 | Journal of Mech Sci Eng2007，29，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Valdeeoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor for treatment of osteoarthritis,rhetrmatoid arthritis,and primary dysmenorrhea 显示文摘 | Goldman M Schutzer S | 2002 | Formulary2002，37，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Small popliteal artery aneurysms: are they clinically significant? 显示文摘 | Ascher E Markevich N Schutzer RW | 2003 | J Vasc Surg2003，37，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Preliminary results of the new 6F Trap Ease inferior vena cava filter显示文摘 | Schutzer T Ascher E Hingorani A | 2003 | Ann Vasc Surg2003，17，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Achieving molecular diagnostics for Lyme disease显示文摘 | Eshoo MW Schutzer SE Crowder CD | 2013 | Expert Rev Mol Diagn2013，13，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy:predictive factors and hemodynamic changes显示文摘 | Markevich N Schutzer RW | 2003 | J Vasc Surg2003，37，： | 1 |
| 11 | Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy:predictive factors and hemodynamic changes显示文摘 | Ascher E Markevich N Schutzer RW | 2003 | J Vasc Surg2003，37，： | 1 |
| 12 | Small popliteal artery aneurysms: are they clinically significant?显示文摘 | Ascher E Markevich N Schutzer RW | 2003 | J Vasc Surg2003，37，： | 1 |
| 13 | Cerebral hyper- perfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy: predictive factors and hemodynamic changes显示文摘 | Ascher E Markevich N Schutzer RW | 2003 | J Vasc Surg2003，37，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Trochanteric osteotomy for revision total hip arthroplasty 显示文摘 | Schutzer SF Harris WH | 1988 | Clin Orthop1988，227，： | 1 |
| 15 | Deep-wound infection after total hip replacement under contemporary aseptic conditions显示文摘 | Schutzer SF Harris WH | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults显示文摘 | Karen A. Schutzer B.Sue Graves | 2004 | Preventive Medicine2004，，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Insect Sting reactions to bees, wasps, and ants显示文摘 | Steen CJ Janniger CK Schutzer SE | 2005 | Int J Dermatol2005，44，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Two year longitu- dinal change and test - retest - precision of knee cartilage morphol- ogy in a pilot study for the osteoarthritis initiative显示文摘 | ECKSTEIN F KUNZ M SCHUTZER M | 2007 | Osteoarthri- tis Cartilage2007，15，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Melanoma arising in nevus spilus显示文摘 | Weinberg JM Schutzer PJ Harris RM | 1998 | Cutis1998，61，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Duplex - guided balloon angioplasty and stenting for femoropopliteal arterial occlusive disease: an alternative in patients with renal insuf ficieney显示文摘 | Ascher E Marks NA Schutzer RW | 2005 | J Vasc Surg2005，42，6： | 1 |
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