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| 1 | Morpho-Physiological,Biochemical and Molecular Adaptation of Millets to Abiotic Stresses:A Review显示文摘Abiotic stresses such as drought,heat,cold,nutrient deficiency,excess salt and hazardous metals can hamper plantgrowth and development.Intensive agriculture of only a few major staple food crops that are sensitive and intolerant to environmental stresses has led to an agrarian crisis.On the other hand,nutritionally rich,gluten free and stress tolerant plants like millets are neglected and underutilized.Millets sustain about one-third of the world’s population and show exceptional tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses.Millets are C4 plants that are adapted to marginal and dry lands of arid and semi-arid regions,and survive low rainfall and poor soils.Abiotic stresses significantly affect plant growth which ultimately results in reduced crop yields.However,various adaptation mechanisms have evolved in millets to withstand different stresses.This review aims at exploring various of these morphophysiological,biochemical and molecular aspects of mechanisms in millets.Morphological adaptations include short life span,smallplant height and leaf area,dense root system,adjusted flowering time,increased root and decreased shoot lengths,high tillering,and leaf folding.A high accumulation of various osmoprotectants(proline,soluble sugars,proteins)improves hyperosmolarity and enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes(e.g.,Ascorbate peroxidase,Superoxide dismutase,Catalase,Peroxidase)providing defense against oxidative damage.Physiologically,plants show low photosynthetic and stomatal conductance rates,and root respiration which help them to escape from water stress.Molecular adaptations include the upregulation of stress-related transcriptional factors,signalling genes,ion transporters,secondary metabolite pathways,receptor kinases,phytohormone biosynthesis and antioxidative enzymes.Lack of genetic resources hampers improvement of millets.However,several identified and characterized genes for stress tolerance can be exploited for further development of millet resilience.This will provide them with an extra characteristic plant resistance to withstand environmental pressures,besides their excellent nutritional value over the conventional staple crops like rice,wheat and maize. | Seerat Saleem Naveed Ul Mushtaq Wasifa Hafiz Shah Aadil Rasool Khalid Rehman Hakeem Reiaz Ul Rehman | 2021 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2021，90，5： | 2 |
| 2 | Serum visfatin is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of insulin resistance and obesity显示文摘 | Alireza Esteghamati Azam Alamdari Ali Zandieh Seerat Elahi Omid Khalilzadeh Manouchehr Nakhjavani Alipasha Meysamie | 2010 | Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice2010，，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) correlates with DHA status of malnourished infants 显示文摘 | SMITE N OELEN E A SEERAT E | 2002 | Archieves of Disease in Childhood2002，82，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Breast milk docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)correlates with DHA status of malnourished infants显示文摘 | SMIT E N OELEN E A SEERAT E | 2003 | American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology2003，188，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Salt Stress Threshold in Millets:Perspective on Cultivation on Marginal Lands for Biomass显示文摘Millets hold an immense assurance for food safety and nourishment amid ever-rising agricultural expenses and climate alterations.They are healthful,have supplementary wellbeing profit and need remarkably fewer effort overheads for crop growing.These characters draw attention to millets as a plant of preference for the humankind in the course of emergent alarm about environmental changes.Millets have the prospect to provide biomass and thus bioenergy,reduced carbon emission,carbon footprint and sustainable modern agriculture.As the rate of expansion in budding countries is increasing day by day,the scarcity of energy is a big panic and there is a mounting turn in the direction and rehearsal of waste and biomass as an energy source.Globally,at least 20%of total irrigated land has been injured by salt and 1.5 million hectares is taken away of cultivation every year.Thus,in future,we will have a requirement of efficient crops and utilisation of marginal lands for agriculture.Millet is an answer to the efficient crop.Plants are subjected to various environmental pressures(high/low temperature,heavy metal,salinity,pesticides,etc.)as well as biotic stresses(virus,bacteria,fungi,etc.)and millets are not an exception to it.Millets are categorised as glycophytes and can tolerate average salt threshold of about 6(ECe)(dS/m)with some variation from specie to specie.Increase in the salt concentrations can lead to retarded growth and development,thus need for mitigants arise to reduce such stresses.Some mitigants to overcome the stress levels include proline,polyamine and betaines,Na2SeO3,H2S,KNO3,Mg(NO3)2,etc. | Naveed Ul Mushtaq Seerat Saleem Aadil Rasool Wasifa Hafiz Shah Khalid Rehman Hakeem Reiaz Ul Rehman | 2021 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2021，90，1： | 0 |
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