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| 1 | Nutritional care in hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the practice of nutritional assessment and management of hospitalised patients with cirrhosis and the impact of malnutrition on their clinical outcome.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study on patients with liver cirrhosis consecutively admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the Royal Adelaide Hospital over 24 mo. Details were gathered related to the patients' demographics, disease severity, nutritional status and assessment, biochemistry and clinical outcomes. Nutritional status was assessed by a dietician and determined by subjective global assessment. Estimated energy and protein requirements were calculated by Simple Ratio Method. Intake was estimated from dietary history and/or food charts, and represented as a percentage of estimated daily requirements. Median duration of follow up was 14.9(0-41.4) mo. RESULTS: Of the 231 cirrhotic patients(167 male, age: 56.3 ± 0.9 years, 9% Child-Pugh A, 42% ChildPugh B and 49% Child-Pugh C), 131(57%) had formal nutritional assessment during their admission and 74(56%) were judged to have malnutrition. In-hospitalcaloric(15.6 ± 1.2 kcal/kg vs 23.7 ± 2.3 kcal/kg, P = 0.0003) and protein intake(0.65 ± 0.06 g/kg vs 1.01 ± 0.07 g/kg, P = 0.0003) was significantly reduced in patients with malnutrition. Of the malnourished cohort, 12(16%) received enteral nutrition during hospitalisation and only 6(8%) received ongoing dietetic review and assessment following discharge from hospital. The overall mortality was 51%, and was higher in patients with malnutrition compared to those without(HR = 5.29, 95%CI: 2.31-12.1; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition is common in hospitalised patients with cirrhosis and is associated with higher mortality. Formal nutritional assessment, however, is inadequate. This highlights the need for meticulous nutritional evaluation and management in these patients. | Dep K Huynh Shane P Selvanderan Hugh AJ Harley Richard H Holloway Nam Q Nguyen | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，45： | 6 |
| 2 | Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows显示文摘Known as the‘third polar region’,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there.Previous studies of birds,animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence.The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood.We studied a human commensal,the Eurasian Tree Sparrow,which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels,in particular in muscle-related phenotypes,highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years.In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity,we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes.Through population genetic analyses,we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation,whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci,many of which are associated with muscle-related processes.Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution,shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment. | Yanhua Qu Chunhai Chen Ying Xiong Huishang She Yong E Zhang Yalin Cheng Shane DuBay Dongming Li Per G P Ericson Yan Hao Hongyuan Wang Hongfeng Zhao Gang Song Hailin Zhang Ting Yang Chi Zhang Liping Liang Tianyu Wu Jinyang Zhao Qiang Gao Weiwei Zhai Fumin Lei | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Colometer:A real-time quality feedback system for screening colonoscopy显示文摘AIM:To investigate the performance of a new software-based colonoscopy quality assessment system.METHODS:The software-based system employs a novel image processing algorithm which detects the levels of image clarity,withdrawal velocity,and level of the bowel preparation in a real-time fashion from live video signal.Threshold levels of image blurriness and the withdrawal velocity below which the visualization could be considered adequate have initially been determined arbitrarily by review of sample colonoscopy videos by two experienced endoscopists.Subsequently,an overall colonoscopy quality rating was computed based on the percentage of the withdrawal time with adequate visualization(scored 1-5;1,when the percentage was 1%-20%;2,when the percentage was 21%-40%,etc.).In order to test the proposed velocity and blurriness thresholds,screening colonoscopy withdrawal videos from a specialized ambulatory colon cancer screening center were collected,automatically processed and rated.Quality ratings on the withdrawal were compared to the insertion in the same patients.Then,3 experienced endoscopists reviewed the collected videos in a blinded fashion and rated the overall quality of each withdrawal(scored 1-5;1,poor;3,average;5,excellent) based on 3 major aspects:image quality,colon preparation,and withdrawal velocity.The automated quality ratings were compared to the averaged endoscopist quality ratings using Spearman correlation coefficient.RESULTS:Fourteen screening colonoscopies were assessed.Adenomatous polyps were detected in 4/14(29%) of the collected colonoscopy video samples.As a proof of concept,the Colometer software rated colonoscope withdrawal as having better visualization than the insertion in the 10 videos which did not have any polyps(average percent time with adequate visualization:79% ± 5% for withdrawal and 50% ± 14% for insertion,P < 0.01).Withdrawal times during which no polyps were removed ranged from 4-12 min.The median quality rating from the automated system and the reviewers was 3.45 [interquartile range(IQR),3.1-3.68] and 3.00(IQR,2.33-3.67) respectively for all colonoscopy video samples.The automated rating revealed a strong correlation with the reviewer's rating(ρ coefficient= 0.65,P = 0.01).There was good correlation of the automated overall quality rating and the mean endoscopist withdrawal speed rating(Spearman r coefficient= 0.59,P = 0.03).There was no correlation of automated overall quality rating with mean endoscopists image quality rating(Spearman r coefficient= 0.41,P = 0.15).CONCLUSION:The results from a novel automated real-time colonoscopy quality feedback system strongly agreed with the endoscopists' quality assessments.Further study is required to validate this approach. | Dobromir Filip Xuexin Gao Leticia Angulo-Rodriguez Martin P Mintchev Shane M Devlin Alaa Rostom Wayne Rosen Christopher N Andrews | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 2 |
| 4 | An sssessment of Mercury immobilisation in alkali activated fly ash (AAFA) cements显示文摘 | Shane D Ana F Angel P | 2012 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2012，，213214： | 1 |
| 5 | Adsorption of heavy metals by green algae and ground rice hulls显示文摘 | Greenlaw P N Shane B S | 1993 | J Environ Sci Health A1993，28，： | 1 |
| 6 | National Cultural Distance and Cross- Border Acquisition Performance显示文摘 | Morosini P Shane S Singh H | 1998 | Journal of International Business Studies1998，29，： | 1 |
| 7 | Development and validation method for silica determination by septrophotometry in some herbs and pharmaceutical formulations 显示文摘 | Xia X P Robert B S Shane M | 2000 | Analytical Letter2000，33，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Perspective on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata显示文摘 | Shanely K W McCabe P J | 1994 | AAPG Bulletin1994，78，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Prediction of workpiece deformation in a fixture system using the finite element method显示文摘 | Shane P Siebenaler S N Melkote | 2006 | Intemational Journal of Machine Tools~Manufacture2006，46，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Perspective on the sequencestratigraphy of continental strata 显示文摘 | SHANELY K W MCCABE P J | 1994 | AAPG Bulletin1994，78，4： | 1 |
| 11 | National cultural distance and cross-border acquisition performance显示文摘 | Morosini P Shane S Singh H | 1998 | Journal of International Business Studies1998，29，： | 1 |
| 12 | Organ transplantation and osteoporosis显示文摘 | Shane E Bilezikian J P | 1995 | Curr Opin Rheumatol1995，7，3： | 1 |
| 13 | National Cultural Distance and Cross-Border AcquLition PeoCormance 显示文摘 | Morosini P Shane S Singh H | 1998 | Journal of International Business Studies1998，29，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Combined marginal folate and riboflavin status affect homocysteine methylation in cuhured immortalized lymphocytes from persons homozygous for the MTHFR C677T mutation 显示文摘 | Lathrop Stern L Shane B Bagley P J | 2003 | J Nutr2003，133，9： | 1 |
| 15 | National Cultural Distance and Cross-border Acquisition Performance显示文摘 | Morosini P Shane S Singh H | 1998 | Journal of International Business Studies1998，29，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Compressive Rheology of Ag- gregated Particulate Suspensions 显示文摘 | BRENDAN G SHANE P PETER J S | 2006 | Korea-Australia Rheology Jour- nal2006，18，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Adsorption of heavy metals by green algae and ground rice hulls显示文摘 | Roy D Greenlaw P N Shane B S | 1993 | J Environ Sci Health A1993，，28： | 1 |
| 18 | Post-transplantation osteoporosis显示文摘 | Stein E Ebeling P Shane E | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 19 | Explaining the formation of international ngw ventures:The limits of theories from international-business research显示文摘 | Shane S Oviatt B | 1994 | Journal of Business Venturing1994，9，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Digestion characteristics and growth of steers fed a corn-grain based supplement compared to a deoiled rice bran plus cottonseed supplement with or without extrusion processing显示文摘 | Shane G M Beck P A Kellogg W D | 2005 | Animal Feed Science and Technology2005，118，： | 1 |
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