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| 1 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 2 | 医疗评估的准则显示文摘无论全英的政府机构、医院院长或医院各个科室均认为医疗评估必须予以贯彻,然而对全国或地区来说,对评估的定义和含意未必有统一见解。本文旨在寻找衡量医院评估的设计和有效性.有七项准则可资利用,它述及医务人员和管理人员职责,医疗组织,评估范围,主要特征,所需资源,记录保存和评价。 | C D Shaw 富绍祯 | 1990 | 国外医学(医院管理分册)1990，7，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Meeting report:a hard look at the state of enamel research显示文摘The Encouraging Novel Amelogenesis Models and Ex vivo cell Lines(ENAMEL) Development workshop was held on 23 June 2017 at the Bethesda headquarters of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research(NIDCR). Discussion topics included model organisms, stem cells/cell lines, and tissues/3 D cell culture/organoids. Scientists from a number of disciplines,representing institutions from across the United States, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of enamel, as well as future directions for the field. | ophir d klein olivier duverger wendy shaw rodrigo s lacruz derk joester janet moradian-oldak megan k pugach j timothy wright sarah e millar ashok b kulkarni john d bartlett thomas gh diekwisch pamela den besten james p simmer | 2017 | International Journal of Oral Science2017，9，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Intestinal mucosal atrophy and adaptation显示文摘Mucosal adaptation is an essential process in gut homeostasis.The intestinal mucosa adapts to a range of pathological conditions including starvation,short-gut syndrome,obesity,and bariatric surgery.Broadly,these adaptive functions can be grouped into proliferation and differentiation.These are influenced by diverse interactions with hormonal,immune,dietary,nervous,and mechanical stimuli.It seems likely that clinical outcomes can be improved by manipulating the physiology of adaptation.This review will summarize current understanding of the basic science surrounding adaptation,delineate the wide range of potential targets for therapeutic intervention,and discuss how these might be incorporated into an overall treatment plan.Deeper insight into the physiologic basis of adaptation wil identify further targets for intervention to improve clinical outcomes. | Darcy Shaw Kartik Gohil Marc D Basson | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，44： | 3 |
| 5 | A unique deubiquitinase that deconjugates phosphoribosyl-linked protein ubiquitination显示文摘Ubiquitination 调整主人免疫的许多方面并且因此是为传染代理人的一个普通目标。最近的研究表明了细菌的病原体 Legionella pneumophila 的方面受动器家庭的成员攻击不要求主人 ubiquitination 机械的 E1 和 E2 酶的新奇 ubiquitination 机制与 endoplasmic 蜂窝胃联系的几小 GTPases。在这种情况中, ubiquitin 被一项 mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase 活动被 ADP-ribosylation 首先在 Arg 42 激活;中介然后被也住在 SdeA 以内的一项 phosphodiesterase 活动劈开,有到经由一个 phosphoribosyl 连接器的底层蛋白质的丝氨酸残余的 ubiquitin 的附件的伴随物。这里,我们证明方面的效果被 SidJ 反对,一个受动器由位于为方面家庭(SdeC, SdeB 和 SdeA ) 的三个成员编码的地点的基因编码了。SidJ 由劈开连接 phosphoribosylated ubiquitin 到蛋白质底层的 phosphodiester 契约颠倒修改方面的底层的 ubiquitination。SidJ 也显示古典 deubiquitinase 活动但是不要求催化半胱氨酸残余。进一步, SidJ 的这些 deubiquitinase 活动为它在 L 的角色是必要的。pneumophila 感染。最后, SidJ 的活动为高效地在细菌的举起以后在一些小时以内在感染的房间减少许多 ubiquitinated Rab33b 被要求。我们的结果作为工作在方面受动器的活动强加时间的规定的 ubiquitin-deconjugating 酶建立 SidJ。SidJ 可能在表明串联的未来研究是重要的由这唯一的 ubiquitination 调停了,潜在地也在真核细胞的房间调整细胞的过程的。 | Jiazhang Qiu Kaiwen Yu Xiaowen Fei Yao Liu Emesto S Nakayasu Paul D Piehowski Jared B Shaw Kedar Puva Chittaranjan Das Xiaoyun Liu Zhao-Qing Luo | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，7： | 2 |
| 6 | Microstructure characterization of a polymer/metal mechanical alloy显示文摘 | W J D Shaw H J Danilkewich | 1997 | Microstructure Science1997，25，： | 2 |
| 7 | Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial显示文摘 | A David Mendelow Barbara A Gregson Helen M Fernandes Gordon D Murray Graham M Teasdale D Terence Hope Abbas Karimi M Donald M Shaw David H Barer | 2005 | 2005 (9457)2005，，9457： | 2 |
| 8 | Collusion-secure fingerprinting for digital data显示文摘 | BONEH D SHAW J | 1998 | IEEE Trans Inform Theory1998，44，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers 显示文摘 | SANGHERA J S SHAW L B AGGARWAL I D | 2002 | C R Chimie2002，5，： | 1 |
| 10 | Beneficial associations of physical activity with 2-h but not fasting blood glucose in Australian adults:the AusDiab study显示文摘 | Healy G Dunstan D Shaw J | 2006 | Diabetes Care2006，29，： | 1 |
| 11 | Moderniza- tion of the global positioning system 显示文摘 | SHAW M SANDHOO K TURNER D | 2000 | GPS World2000，9，： | 1 |
| 12 | Human Cardiotro- phin-1 : protein and gene structure, biological and binding ac- tivities, and chromosomal localization显示文摘 | Pennica D Swanson TA Shaw KJ | 1996 | Cytokine1996，8，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The dependency of microstructure and properties of nanostructured coatings on plasma spray conditions 显示文摘 | Shaw L L Goberman D Ren R | 2000 | Surf Coat Technol2000，130，： | 1 |
| 14 | Fabrication structure and properties of MoSi2 - base composites 显示文摘 | Alman D E Shaw K g Stoloff N S | 1992 | Mater Sci Eng1992，155，： | 1 |
| 15 | Comnplete nucleotide sequence of macrolide - lincosamide - streptogramin fl - resistance transposon Tn917 in streptococcus faecalis 显示文摘 | SHAW J H CLEWELL D B | 1985 | The Journal of Bacteriology1985，164，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Innovative Approaches to Water Allocation : The Potential for Water Markets 显示文摘 | Howe C W Schurmeier D R Shaw W D | 1986 | Water Re- sources Research1986，22，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Female genital cosmetic surgery显示文摘 | Shaw D Lefebvre G Bouchard C | 2013 | J Obstet Gynaecol Can2013，35，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Phenotypic and genotypic diversity in Phytophthora infestans on potato in Great Britain, 1995-1998 显示文摘 | DAY J P WA271'IER R SHAW D S | 2004 | Plant Pathol2004，53，3： | 1 |
| 19 | A multiloeus estimator of mating system parameters in plant populations显示文摘 | Shaw D Kahler A Allard R | 1981 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences1981，78，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Ethics in consumer choice: a multiva-riate modelling approach显示文摘 | SHAW D SHIU E | 2003 | European Journal of Market-ing2003，37，10： | 1 |
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