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| 1 | Role of Pathogen-Related Protein 10 (PR 10) under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Plants显示文摘Members of the Pathogenesis Related(PR)10 protein family have been identified in a variety of plant species and a wide range of functions ranging from defense to growth and development has been attributed to them.PR10 protein possesses ribonuclease(RNase)activity,interacts with phytohormones,involved in hormone-mediated signalling,afforded protection against various phytopathogenic fungi,bacteria,and viruses particularly in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.The resistance mechanism of PR10 protein may include activation of defense signalling pathways through possible interacting proteins involved in mediating responses to pathogens,degradation of RNA of the invading pathogens.Moreover,several morphological changes have been shown to accompany the enhanced abiotic stress tolerance.In this review,the possible mechanism of action of PR10 protein against biotic and abiotic stress has been discussed.Furthermore,our findings also confirmed that the in vivo Nitric oxide(NO)is essential for most of environmental abiotic stresses and disease resistance against pathogen infection.The proper level of NO may be necessary and beneficial,not only in plant response to the environmental abiotic stress,but also to biotic stress.The updated information on this interesting group of proteins will be useful in future research to develop multiple stress tolerance in plants. | Rakesh Kumar Sinha Shiv Shankar Verma Anshu Rastogi | 2020 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2020，89，2： | 1 |
| 2 | Resistance to second generation antiandrogens in prostate cancer: pathways and mechanisms显示文摘Androgen deprivation therapy targeting the androgens/androgen receptor(AR)signaling continues to be the mainstay treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer.The use of second-generation antiandrogens,such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide,has improved the survival of prostate cancer patients;however,a majority of these patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC).The mechanisms of resistance to antiandrogen treatments are complex,including specific mutations,alternative splicing,and amplification of oncogenic proteins resulting in dysregulation of various signaling pathways.In this review,we focus on the major mechanisms of acquired resistance to second generation antiandrogens,including AR-dependent and AR-independent resistance mechanisms as well as other resistance mechanisms leading to CRPC emergence.Evolving knowledge of resistance mechanisms to AR targeted treatments will lead to additional research on designing more effective therapies for advanced-stage prostate cancer. | Shiv Verma Kumari Sunita Prajapati Prem Prakash Kushwaha Mohd Shuaib Atul Kumar Singh Shashank Kumar Sanjay Gupta | 2020 | Cancer Drug Resistance2020，3，4： | 0 |
| 3 | Role of prostate cancer stem-like cells in the development of antiandrogen resistance显示文摘Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)is the standard of care treatment for advance stage prostate cancer.Treatment with ADT develops resistance in multiple ways leading to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC).Present research establishes that prostate cancer stem-like cells(CSCs)play a central role in the development of treatment resistance followed by disease progression.Prostate CSCs are capable of self-renewal,differentiation,and regenerating tumor heterogeneity.The stemness properties in prostate CSCs arise due to various factors such as androgen receptor mutation and variants,epigenetic and genetic modifications leading to alteration in the tumor microenvironment,changes in ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters,and adaptations in molecular signaling pathways.ADT reprograms prostate tumor cellular machinery leading to the expression of various stem cell markers such as Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1(ALDH1A1),Prominin 1(PROM1/CD133),Indian blood group(CD44),SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2(Sox2),POU Class 5 Homeobox 1(POU5F1/Oct4),Nanog and ABC transporters.These markers indicate enhanced self-renewal and stemness stimulating CRPC evolution,metastatic colonization,and resistance to antiandrogens.In this review,we discuss the role of ADT in prostate CSCs differentiation and acquisition of CRPC,their isolation,identification and characterization,as well as the factors and pathways contributing to CSCs expansion and therapeutic opportunities. | Prem Prakash Kushwaha Shiv Verma Shashank Kumar Sanjay Gupta | 2022 | Cancer Drug Resistance2022，5，2： | 0 |
| 4 | Inflammatory mediator release by Brugia malayi from macrophages of susceptible host Mastomys coucha and THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cell lines显示文摘Objective:To investigate which life stage of the parasite has the ability to stimulate release of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators from macrophages.Methods:The human macrophage/ monocyte cell line THP-1,the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and naive peritoneal macrophages(PM) from the rodent host Mastomys coucha(M.coucha) were incubated at 37℃in 5%CO2 atmosphere with extracts of microfilariae(Mf),third stage infective larvae(L3) and adult worms(Ad) of Brugia malayi.After 48 hr post exposure,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-10 and nitric oxide(NO) in cell-free supernatants were estimated.Results:Extracts of all the life stages of the parasite were capable of stimulating pro-(IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in both the cell lines and peritoneal macrophages of M.coucha.Mf was the strongest stimulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by L3 and Ad;however,Ad was a strong stimulator of IL-10 release.Mf was found to have potential to modulate LPS-induced NO release in RAW cells.Ad-induced NO release was concentration dependent with maximum at 20μg/mL in both RAW and PMs.Conclusions:The results show that parasites at all life stages were capable of stimulating pro-(IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory(IL-10) cytokines and NO release from macrophages of susceptible host M.coucha,human and mouse macrophage cell lines.Mf can suppress the LPS-induced NO release in RAW cells.The findings also show that the two cell lines may provide a convenient in vitro system for assaying parasite-induced inflammatory mediator release. | Shiv Kumar Verma Vikas Kushwaha Vijaya Dubey Kirti Saxena Aakanksha Sharma Puvvada Kalpana Murthy | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，2： | 0 |
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