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| 1 | The dynamic and thermodynamic processes dominating the reduction of global land monsoon precipitation driven by anthropogenic aerosols emission显示文摘Changes in monsoon precipitation have profound social and economic impacts as more than two-thirds of the world’s population lives in monsoon regions.Observations show a significant reduction in global land monsoon precipitation during the second half of the 20 th century.Understanding the cause of this change,especially possible anthropogenic origins,is important.Here,we compare observed changes in global land monsoon precipitation during 1948–2005 with those simulated by 5 global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project-phase 5(CMIP5)under different external forcings.We show that the observed drying trend is consistent with the model simulated response to anthropogenic forcing and to anthropogenic aerosol forcing in particular.We apply the optimal fingerprinting method to quantify anthropogenic influences on precipitation and find that anthropogenic aerosols may have contributed to 102%(62–144%for the 5–95%confidence interval)of the observed decrease in global land monsoon precipitation.A moisture budget analysis indicates that the reduction in precipitation results from reduced vertical moisture advection in response to aerosol forcing.Since much of the monsoon regions,such as India and China,have been experiencing rapid developments with increasing aerosol emissions in the past decedes,our results imply a further reduction in monsoon precipitation in these regions in the future if effective mitigations to reduce aerosol emissions are not deployed.The observed decline of aerosol emission in China since 2006 helps to alleviate the reducing trend of monsoon precipiptaion. | Tianjun ZHOU Wenxia ZHANG Lixia ZHANG Xuebin ZHANG Yun QIAN Dongdong PENG Shuangmei MA Buwen DONG | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，7： | 7 |
| 2 | Combined Impacts of Warm Central Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures and Anthropogenic Warming on the 2019 Severe Drought in East China显示文摘A severe drought occurred in East China(EC)from August to October 2019 against a background of long-term significant warming and caused widespread impacts on agriculture and society,emphasizing the urgent need to understand the mechanism responsible for this drought and its linkage to global warming.Our results show that the warm central equatorial Pacific(CEP)sea surface temperature(SST)and anthropogenic warming were possibly responsible for this drought event.The warm CEP SST anomaly resulted in an anomalous cyclone over the western North Pacific,where enhanced northerly winds in the northwestern sector led to decreased water vapor transport from the South China Sea and enhanced descending air motion,preventing local convection and favoring a precipitation deficiency over EC.Model simulations in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Project confirmed the physical connection between the warm CEP SST anomaly and the drought in EC.The extremely warm CEP SST from August to October 2019,which was largely the result of natural internal variability,played a crucial role in the simultaneous severe drought in EC.The model simulations showed that anthropogenic warming has greatly increased the frequency of extreme droughts in EC.They indicated an approximate twofold increase in extremely low rainfall events,high temperature events,and concurrently dry and hot events analogous to the event in 2019.Therefore,the persistent severe drought over EC in 2019 can be attributed to the combined impacts of warm CEP SST and anthropogenic warming. | Shuangmei MA Congwen ZHU Juan LIU | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，11： | 6 |
| 3 | Changes of the tropical Pacific Walker circulation simulated by two versions of FGOALS model显示文摘Here we assessed the performances of IAP/LASG climate system model FGOALS-g2 and FGOAS-s2 in the simulation of the tropical Pacific Walker circulation(WC). Both models reasonably reproduce the climatological spatial distribution features of the tropical Pacific WC. We also investigated the changes of WC simulated by two versions of FGOALS model and discussed the mechanism responsible for WC changes. Observed Indo-Pacific sea level pressure(SLP) reveals a reduction of WC during 1900–2004 and 1950–2004, and an enhancement of WC during 1982–2004. During the three different time spans, the WC in FGOALS-g2 shows a weakening trend. In FGOALS-s2, tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation shows no significant change over the past century, but the WC strengthens during 1950–2004 and 1982–2004. The simulated bias of the WC change may be related to the phase of the multi-decadal mode in coupled models, which is not in sync with that in the observations. The change of WC is explained by the hydrological cycle constraints that precipitation must be balanced with the moisture transporting from the atmospheric boundary layer to the free troposphere. In FGOALS-g2, the increasing amplitude of the relative variability of precipitation(?P/P) is smaller(larger) than the relative variability of moisture(?q/q) over the tropical western(eastern) Pacific over the three time spans, and thus leads to a weakened WC. In FGOALS-s2, the convective mass exchange fluxes increase(decrease) over the tropical western(eastern) Pacific over the past 53 a(1950–2004) and the last 23 a(1982– 2004), and thus leads to a strengthened WC. The distributions of sea surface temperature(SST) trends dominate the change of WC. Over the past 55 a and 23 a, tropical Pacific SST shows an El Ni?o-like(a La Ni?a-like) trend pattern in FGOALS-g2(FGOALS-s2), which drives the weakening(strengthening) of WC. Therefore, a successful simulation of the tropical Pacific SST change pattern is necessary for a reasonable simulation of WC change in climate system models. This idea is further supported by the diagnosis of historical sea surface temperature driven AGCM-simulations. | MA ShuangMei ZHOU TianJun | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，9： | 4 |
| 4 | Precipitation Changes in Wet and Dry Seasons over the 20th Century Simulated by Two Versions of the FGOALS Model显示文摘Seasonal precipitation changes over the globe during the 20 th century simulated by two versions of the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System(FGOALS) model are assessed. The two model versions differ in terms of their AGCM component, but the remaining parts of the system are almost identical. Both models reasonably reproduce the mean-state features of the timings of the wet and dry seasons and related precipitation amounts, with pattern correlation coefficients of 0.65–0.84 with observations. Globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are analyzed. The results show that wet seasons get wetter and the annual range(precipitation difference between wet and dry seasons) increases during the 20 th century in the two models, with positive trends covering most parts of the globe, which is consistent with observations. However,both models show a moistening dry season, which is opposite to observations. Analysis of the globally averaged moisture budget in the historical climate simulations of the two models shows little change in the horizontal moisture advection in both the wet and dry seasons. The globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are mainly dominated by the changes in evaporation and vertical moisture advection. Evaporation and vertical moisture advection combine to make wet seasons wetter and enhance the annual range. In the dry season, the opposite change of evaporation and vertical moisture advection leads to an insignificant change in precipitation. Vertical moisture advection is the most important term that determines the changes in precipitation, wherein the thermodynamic component is dominant and the dynamic component tends to offset the effect of the thermodynamic component. | MA Shuangmei ZHOU Tianjun | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，6： | 2 |
| 5 | Extreme Cold Events in North America and Eurasia in November-December 2022: A Potential Vorticity Gradient Perspective显示文摘From 17 November to 27 December 2022, extremely cold snowstorms frequently swept across North America and Eurasia. Diagnostic analysis reveals that these extreme cold events were closely related to the establishment of blocking circulations. Alaska Blocking(AB) and subsequent Ural Blocking(UB) episodes are linked to the phase transition of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and represent the main atmospheric regimes in the Northern Hemisphere. The downstream dispersion and propagation of Rossby wave packets from Alaska to East Asia provide a large-scale connection between AB and UB episodes. Based on the nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI) model, we found that the meridional potential vorticity gradient(PVy) in November and December of 2022 was anomalously weak in the mid-high latitudes from North America to Eurasia and provided a favorable background for the prolonged maintenance of UB and AB events and the generation of associated severe extreme snowstorms. However, the difference in the UB in terms of its persistence,location, and strength between November and December is related to the positive(negative) NAO in November(December). During the La Ni?a winter of 2022, the UB and AB events are related to the downward propagation of stratospheric anomalies, in addition to contributions by La Ni?a and low Arctic sea ice concentrations as they pertain to reducing PVyin mid-latitudes. | Yao YAO Wenqin ZHUO Zhaohui GONG Binhe LUO Dehai LUO Fei ZHENG Linhao ZHONG Fei HUANG Shuangmei MA Congwen ZHU Tianjun ZHOU | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Opposing Trends of Winter Cold Extremes over Eastern Eurasia and North America under Recent Arctic Warming显示文摘Under recent Arctic warming,boreal winters have witnessed severe cold surges over both Eurasia and North America,bringing about serious social and economic impacts.Here,we investigated the changes in daily surface air temperature(SAT)variability during the rapid Arctic warming period of 1988/89–2015/16,and found the daily SAT variance,mainly contributed by the sub-seasonal component,shows an increasing and decreasing trend over eastern Eurasia and North America,respectively.Increasing cold extremes(defined as days with daily SAT anomalies below 1.5 standard deviations)dominated the increase of the daily SAT variability over eastern Eurasia,while decreasing cold extremes dominated the decrease of the daily SAT variability over North America.The circulation regime of cold extremes over eastern Eurasia(North America)is characterized by an enhanced high-pressure ridge over the Urals(Alaska)and surface Siberian(Canadian)high.The data analyses and model simulations show the recent strengthening of the high-pressure ridge over the Urals was associated with warming of the Barents–Kara seas in the Arctic region,while the high-pressure ridge over Alaska was influenced by the offset effect of Arctic warming over the East Siberian–Chukchi seas and the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO)–like sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies over the North Pacific.The transition of the PDO-like SST anomalies from a positive to negative phase cancelled the impact of Arctic warming,reduced the occurrence of extreme cold days,and possibly resulted in the decreasing trend of daily SAT variability in North America.The multi-ensemble simulations of climate models confirmed the regional Arctic warming as the driver of the increasing SAT variance over eastern Eurasia and North America and the overwhelming effect of SST forcing on the decreasing SAT variance over North America.Therefore,the regional response of winter cold extremes at midlatitudes to the Arctic warming could be different due to the distinct impact of decadal SST anomalies. | Shuangmei MA Congwen ZHU | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，12： | 1 |
| 7 | DT390-triTMTP1, a Novel Fusion Protein of Diphtheria Toxin with Tandem Repeat TMTP1 Peptide, Preferentially Targets Metastatic Tumors 显示文摘 | Xiangyi Ma Peng Lv Shuangmei Ye | 2013 | Molecular Pharmaceutics2013，10，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Progress and Prospects of Research on Subseasonal to Seasonal Variability and Prediction of the East Asian Monsoon显示文摘Subseasonal to seasonal(S2S)variability represents the atmospheric disturbance on the 10–90-day timescale,which is an important bridge linking weather and climate.In 2015,China Meteorological Administration(CMA)listed the S2S prediction project that was initiated by WMO programs three years ago as one of its key tasks.After five years of research,significant progress has been made on the mechanisms of the East Asian monsoon(EAM)S2S variability,related impact of climate change,as well as the predictability on the S2S timescale of numerical models.The S2S variability of the EAM is closely linked to extreme persistent climate events in China and is an important target for seasonal climate prediction.However,under the influence of global warming and the interactions among climate systems,the S2S variability of the EAM is so complex that its prediction remains a great challenge.This paper reviews the past achievement and summarizes the recent progress in research of the EAM S2S variability and prediction,including characteristics of the main S2S modes of the EAM,their impact on the extreme events in China,effects of external and internal forcing on the S2S variability,as well as uncertainties of climate models in predicting the S2S variability,with a focus on the progress achieved by the S2S research team of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences.The present bottlenecks,future directions,and critical research recommendations are also analyzed and presented. | Congwen ZHU Boqi LIU Lun LI Shuangmei MA Ning JIANG Yuhan YAN | 2022 | Journal of Meteorological Research2022，36，5： | 0 |
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