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| 1 | Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori in times of increasing antibiotic resistance显示文摘The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)causes chronic gastritis,gastric and duodenal ulcers,gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.Treatment is recommended in all symptomatic patients.The current treatment options for H.pylori infection are outlined in this review in light of the recent challenges in eradication success,largely due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of H.pylori.Antibiotic resistance is a constantly evolving process and numerous studies have shown that the prevalence of H.pylori antibiotic resistance varies significantly from country to country,and even between regions within the same country.In addition,recent data has shown that previous antibiotic use is associated with harbouring antibiotic resistant H.pylori.Local surveillance of antibiotic resistance is warranted to guide clinicians in their choice of therapy.Antimicrobial resistance is assessed by H.pylori culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Recently developed molecular tests offer an attractive alternative to culture and allow for the rapid molecular genetic identification of H.pylori and resistance-associated mutations directly from biopsy samples or bacterial culture material.Accumulating evidence indicates that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance by susceptibility testing is feasible and necessary to inform clinicians in their choice of therapy for management of H.pylori infection. | Sinéad M Smith Colm O’Morain Deirdre McNamara | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，29： | 40 |
| 2 | Role of Toll-like receptors in Helicobacter pylori infection and immunity显示文摘The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infects the stomachs of approximately half of the world's population. Although infection induces an immune response that contributes to chronic gastric inflammation, the response is not sufficient to eliminate the bacterium. H. pylori infection causes peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Disease outcome is linked to the severity of the host inflammatory response. Gastric epithelial cells represent the first line of innate immune defence against H. pylori, and respond to infection by initiating numerous cell signalling cascades, resulting in cytokine induction and the subsequent recruitment of inflamma-tory cells to the gastric mucosa. Pathogen recognition receptors of the toll-like receptor(TLR) family mediate many of these cell signalling events. This review dis-cusses recent findings on the role of various TLRs in the recognition of H. pylori in distinct cell types, describes the TLRs responsible for the recognition of individual H. pylori components and outlines the influence of innate immune activation on the subsequent development of the adaptive immune response. The mechanistic iden-tification of host mediators of H. pylori-induced patho-genesis has the potential to reveal drug targets and opportunities for therapeutic intervention or prevention of H. pylori-associated disease by means of vaccines or immunomodulatory therapy. | Sinéad M Smith | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，3： | 11 |
| 3 | Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy samples显示文摘AIM To compare(1) demographics in urea breath test(UBT) vs endoscopy patients; and(2) the molecular detection of antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy samples.METHODS Six hundred and sixteen adult patients undergoing endoscopy or a UBT were prospectively recruited to the study. The Geno Type Helico DR assay was used to detect Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) and antibiotic resistance using biopsy and/or stool samples from CLOpositive endoscopy patients and stool samples from UBT-positive patients. RESULTS Infection rates were significantly higher in patients referred for a UBT than endoscopy(overall rates: 33% vs 19%; treatment-na?ve patients: 33% vs 14.7%, respectively). H. pylori-infected UBT patients were younger than H. pylori-infected endoscopy patients(41.4 vs 48.4 years, respectively, P < 0.005), with a higher percentage of H. pylori-infected males in the endoscopy-compared to the UBT-cohort(52.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.03). The Geno Type Helico DR assay was more accurate at detecting H. pylori infection using biopsy samples than stool samples [98.2%(n = 54/55) vs 80.3%(n =53/66), P < 0.005]. Subset analysis using stool and biopsy samples from CLO-positive endoscopy patients revealed a higher detection rate ofresistance-associated mutations using stool samples compared to biopsies. The concordance rates between stool and biopsy samples for the detection of H. pylori DNA, clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance were just 85%, 53% and 35%, respectively. CONCLUSION Differences between endoscopy and UBT patients provide a rationale for non-invasive detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance. However, the Geno Type Helico DR assay is an unsuitable approach. | Denise E Brennan Joseph Omorogbe Mary Hussey Donal Tighe Grainne Holleran Colm O'Morain Sinéad M Smith Deirdre McNamara | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，41： | 6 |
| 4 | Can bacterial virulence factors predict antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori infection?显示文摘AIM To evaluate the association between virulence factor status and antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-infected patients in Ireland. METHODS DNA was extracted from antral and corpus biopsies obtained from 165 H. pylori-infected patients. Genotyping for clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone-mediating mutations was performed using the Genotype Helico DR assay. cag A and vac A genotypes were investigated using PCR. RESULTS Primary, secondary and overall resistance rates for clarithromycin were 50.5%(n = 53/105), 78.3%(n = 47/60) and 60.6%(n = 100/165), respectively. Primary, secondary and overall resistance rates for fluoroquinolones were 15.2%(n = 16/105) and 28.3%(n = 17/60) and 20%(n = 33/165), respectively. Resistance to both antibiotics was 12.4%(n = 13/105) in treatment-na?ve patients, 25%(n = 15/60) in those previously treated and 17%(n = 28/165) overall. A cag A-positive genotype was detected in 22.4%(n = 37/165) of patient samples. The dominant vac A genotype was S1/M2 at 44.8%(n = 74/165), followed by S2/M2 at 26.7%(n = 44/165), S1/M1 at 23.6%(n = 39/165) and S2/M1 at 4.8%(n = 8/165). Primary clarithromycin resistance was significantly lower in cag A-positive strains than in cag A-negative strains [32%(n = 8/25) vs 56.3%(n = 45/80); P = 0.03]. Similarly, in patients infected with more virulent H. pylori strains bearing the vac A s1 genotype, primary clarithromycin resistance was significantly lower than in those infected with less virulent strains bearing the vac A s2 genotype, [41%(n = 32/78) vs 77.8%(n = 21/27); P = 0.0001]. No statistically significant association was found between primary fluoroquinolone resistance and virulence factor status.CONCLUSION Genotypic H. pylori clarithromycin resistance is high and cag A-negative strains are dominant in our population. Less virulent(cag A-negative and vac A S2-containing) strains of H. pylori are associated with primary clarithromycin resistance. | Denise E Brennan Colin Dowd Colm O'Morain Deirdre McNamara Sinéad M Smith | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，9： | 4 |
| 5 | Obesity-induced hypertension develops in young rats independently of the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system显示文摘 | Smith AD Brands MW Wang MH | 2006 | Exp Biol Med2006，231，： | 1 |
| 6 | Comparisons between exhaled niric oxide measurement and conventional tests显示文摘 | Smith AD Cowan JO Filsell S | 2004 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med2004，169，4： | 1 |
| 7 | The hordaland homocysteine study:a- community-based study of homocysteine,itsdeterminants,and associa- tions Withdisease显示文摘 | Refsum H Nurk E Smith AD | 2006 | J Nutr2006，136，： | 1 |
| 8 | Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial显示文摘 | Smith AD Smith SM de Jager CA | 2010 | PloSone2010，5，9： | 1 |
| 9 | A novel mutation in the 2B domain of keratin 2e causing ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens 显示文摘 | Irvine AD Smith FJ Shum KW | 2000 | Clin Exp Dermatol2000，25，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Urgent revascularization of liver allografts after early hepatic artery thrombosis显示文摘 | PINNA AD SMITH CV FURUKAWA H | 1996 | Transplantation1996，62，： | 1 |
| 11 | Removal of the less invasive stabilization sys- tem 显示文摘 | Georgiadis GM Gore NK Smith AD | 2004 | J Orthop Trauma2004，18，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Complications of ureteroscopy in relation to experience : report of survey and author experience显示文摘 | Weinberg JJ Ansong K Smith AD | 1987 | J Urol1987，137，： | 1 |
| 13 | Urgent revascularization of liver allografts after early hepatic artery thrombosis显示文摘 | Pinna AD Smith CV Furukawa H | 1996 | Transplantation1996，62，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Exhaled nitric oxide measurements, clinical application and interpretation 显示文摘 | Taylor DR Pijnenburg MW Smith AD | 2006 | Thorax2006，61，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Method to measure the polymerization shrinkage of light-cured composites 显示文摘 | Puckett AD Smith R | 1992 | J Prosthet Dent1992，68，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Management of hemorrhagic complications assiociated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy 显示文摘 | Rastinehad AR Andonian S Smith AD | 2009 | J Endourol2009，23，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Early detection of asthma ex- acerbations by using action points in self-management plans显示文摘 | Honkoop P J Taylor DR Smith AD | 2013 | Eur Respir J2013，41，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Association of atrophy of medial temporal lobe with reduced blood flow in patients with a clinical and pathological diagnosis of Alzheimer'sdisease显示文摘 | Smith AD Barker CS | 1992 | J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1992，55，： | 1 |
| 19 | Excision of the submandibular gland by an intraoral approach显示文摘 | Elahi MM Kawamoto HK | 2000 | Plast Recoustr Surg2000，105，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Imaging the progression of Alzheimer pathology through the brain显示文摘 | Smith AD | 2002 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2002，99，： | 1 |
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