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| 1 | Advances in myopia research anatomical findings in highly myopic eyes显示文摘Background:The goal of this review is to summarize structural and anatomical changes associated with high myopia.Main text:Axial elongation in myopic eyes is associated with retinal thinning and a reduced density of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells in the equatorial region.Thickness of the retina and choriocapillaris and RPE cell density in the macula are independent of axial length.Choroidal and scleral thickness decrease with longer axial length in the posterior hemisphere of the eye,most marked at the posterior pole.In any eye region,thickness of Bruch’s membrane(BM)is independent of axial length.BM opening,as the inner layer of the optic nerve head layers,is shifted in temporal direction in moderately elongated eyes(axial length<26.5 mm).It leads to an overhanging of BM into the intrapapillary compartment at the nasal optic disc side,and to an absence of BM at the temporal disc border.The lack of BM at the temporal disc side is the histological equivalent of parapapillary gamma zone.Gamma zone is defined as the parapapillary region without BM.In highly myopic eyes(axial length>26.5 mm),BM opening enlarges with longer axial length.It leads to a circular gamma zone.In a parallel manner,the peripapillary scleral flange and the lamina cribrosa get longer and thinner with longer axial length in highly myopic eyes.The elongated peripapillary scleral flange forms the equivalent of parapapillary delta zone,and the elongated lamina cribrosa is the equivalent of the myopic secondary macrodisc.The prevalence of BM defects in the macular region increases with longer axial length in highly myopic eyes.Scleral staphylomas are characterized by marked scleral thinning and spatially correlated BM defects,while thickness and density of the choriocapillaris,RPE and BM do not differ markedly between staphylomatous versus non-staphylomatous eyes in the respective regions.Conclusions:High axial myopia is associated with a thinning of the sclera and choroid posteriorly and thinning of the retina and RPE density in the equatorial region,while BM thickness is independent of axial length.The histological changes may point towards BM having a role in the process of axial elongation. | Jost B.Jonas Ya Xing Wang Li Dong Yin Guo Songhomitra Panda-Jonas | 2020 | Eye and Vision2020，7，1： | 6 |
| 2 | Ophthalmology: potential future developments in China and worldwide显示文摘 | Jost B. Jonas Songhomitra Panda-Jonas Wang Yaxing Wei Wenbin | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，8： | 2 |
| 3 | Cataract surgety combined with transpupillary silicone oil removal through planned posterior capsulotomy显示文摘 | Jost BJ Wido MB Songhomitra PJ | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Regression of Neovascular Iris Vessels by Intravitreal Injection of Crystalline Cortisone显示文摘 | Jost B. Jonas Jochen K. Hayler A. S?fker Songhomitra Panda-Jonas | 2001 | Journal of Glaucoma2001，，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Retinal photoreceptor count retinal surface area,and optic disc size in normal human eyss显示文摘 | Songhomitra Panda Jonas jost B Jonas Martha Jakobczyk | 1994 | Ophthalmology1994，101，： | 1 |
| 6 | Cataract surgery combined with transpupillary silicon oil removal through planned posterior capsulotomy 显示文摘 | Jost B J Wido MB Songhomitra PJ | 1998 | Ophthalmology1998，105，： | 1 |
| 7 | Intravitreal injection of crystalline cortisone as adjunctive treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy显示文摘 | Jost B Jonas Jochen K Hayler Antje S?fker Songhomitra Panda-Jonas | 2001 | American Journal of Ophthalmology2001，，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Advances in myopia research anatomical findings in highly myopic eyes显示文摘Background:The goal of this review is to summarize structural and anatomical changes associated with high myopia.Main text:Axial elongation in myopic eyes is associated with retinal thinning and a reduced density of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells in the equatorial region.Thickness of the retina and choriocapillaris and RPE cell density in the macula are independent of axial length.Choroidal and scleral thickness decrease with longer axial length in the posterior hemisphere of the eye,most marked at the posterior pole.In any eye region,thickness of Bruch's membrane(BM)is independent of axial length.BM opening,as the inner layer of the optic nerve head layers,is shifted in temporal direction in moderately elongated eyes(axial length<26.5 mm).It leads to an overhanging of BM into the intrapapillary compartment at the nasal optic disc side,and to an absence of BM at the temporal disc border.The lack of BM at the temporal disc side is the histological equivalent of parapapillary gamma zone.Gamma zone is defined as the parapapillary region without BM.In highly myopic eyes(axial length>26.5 mm),BM opening enlarges with longer axial length.It leads to a circular gamma zone.In a parallel manner,the peripapillary scleral flange and the lamina cribrosa get longer and thinner with longer axial length in highly myopic eyes.The elongated peripapillary scleral flange forms the equivalent of parapapillary delta zone,and the elongated lamina cribrosa is the equivalent of the myopic secondary macrodisc.The prevalence of BM defects in the macular region increases with longer axial length in highly myopic eyes.Scleral staphylomas are characterized by marked scleral thinning and spatially correlated BM defects,while thickness and density of the choriocapillaris,RPE and BM do not differ markedly between staphylomatous versus non-staphylomatous eyes in the respective regions.Conclusions:High axial myopia is associated with a thinning of the sclera and choroid posteriorly and thinning of the retina and reduction of RPE density in the equatorial region,while BM thickness is independent of axial length.The histological changes may point towards BM having a role in the process of axial elongation. | Jost B.Jonas Ya Xing Wang Li Dong Yin Guo Songhomitra Panda-Jonas | 2023 | Eye and Vision2023，9，1： | 0 |
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