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| 1 | Pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes显示文摘This review aims to outline the most up-to-date knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes, while identifying gaps that aim to stimulate further research in this understudied malignancy. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with a rising incidence, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death in some regions. It often presents at an advanced stage, which contributes to poor five-year survival rates of 2%-9%, ranking firmly last amongst all cancer sites in terms of prognostic outcomes for patients. Better understanding of the risk factors and symptoms associated with this disease is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population of potential preventive and/or early detection measures. The identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from screening to detect pre-malignant conditions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms is urgently required, however an acceptable screening test has yet to be identified. The management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is evolving, with the introduction of new surgical techniques and medical therapies such as laparoscopic techniques and neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however this has only led to modest improvements in outcomes. The identification of novel biomarkers is desirable to move towards a precision medicine era, where pancreatic cancer therapy can be tailored to the individual patient, while unnecessary treatments that have negative consequences on quality of life could be prevented for others. Research efforts must also focus on the development of new agents and delivery systems. Overall, considerable progress is required to reduce the burden associated with pancreatic cancer. Recent, renewed efforts to fund large consortia and research into pancreatic adenocarcinoma are welcomed, but further streams will be necessary to facilitate the momentum needed to bring breakthroughs seen for other cancer sites. | Andrew McGuigan Paul Kelly Richard C Turkington Claire Jones Helen G Coleman R Stephen McCain | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，43： | 140 |
| 2 | Current practices and future prospects for the management of gallbladder polyps: A topical review显示文摘A gallbladder polyp is an elevation of the gallbladder mucosa that protrudes into the gallbladder lumen. Gallbladder polyps have an estimated prevalence in adults of between 0.3%-12.3%. However, only 5% of polyps are considered to be 'true' gallbladder polyps, meaning that they are malignant or have malignant potential. The main radiological modality used for diagnosing and surveilling gallbladder polyps is transabdominal ultrasonography. However, evidence shows that other modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound may improve diagnostic accuracy. These are discussed in turn during the course of this review. Current guidelines recommend cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps sized 10 mm and greater, although this threshold is lowered when other risk factors are identified. The evidence behind this practice is relatively low quality. This review identifies current gaps in the available evidence and highlights the necessity for further research to enable better decision making regarding which patients should undergo cholecystectomy, and/or radiological follow-up. | R Stephen McCain Anna Diamond Claire Jones Helen G Coleman | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，26： | 25 |
| 3 | Maintenance infliximab for Crohn’s disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial显示文摘 | Stephen B Hanauer Brian G Feagan Gary R Lichtenstein Lloyd F Mayer S Schreiber Jean Frederic Colombel Daniel Rachmilewitz Douglas C Wolf Allan Olson Weihang Bao Paul Rutgeerts | 2002 | The Lancet2002，，9317： | 6 |
| 4 | A comparison of liquid hot water and steam pretreatments of sugar cane bagasse for bioconversion to ethanol显示文摘 | Mark Laser Deborah Schulman Stephen G Allen Joseph Lichwa Michael J Antal Lee R Lynd | 2001 | Bioresource Technology2001，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer显示文摘 | Davies H Bignell G R Cox C Stephens P Edkins S Clegg S et al | 2002 | Nature2002，417，： | 1 |
| 6 | Competing risks survival analysis applied to data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry显示文摘 | Marianne H G Philip R Stephen E G | 2010 | Acta Orthopaedica2010，8，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Morphology, genesis, and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale显示文摘 | Robert G L Robert M R Stephen C R | 2009 | Journal of Sedimentary Research2009，79，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the 13 subdivision of the class Pro- teobacteria in coastal sand dunes by denaturing gradient gel electro- pboresis and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA frag- ments 显示文摘 | KOWALCHUK G A STEPHEN J R DE BOER W | 1997 | Appl Environ Microbiol1997，63，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Influence of crown class and shade tolerance on individual tree development during deciduous forest succession in Connecticut显示文摘 | Ward J S Stephens G R | 1993 | Forest Ecology and Management1993，60，34： | 1 |
| 10 | Structural behaviour of large diameter pipe under combined loading显示文摘 | Bouwkamp J G Stephen R M | 1973 | Journal of Trans- portation Engineering1973，99，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Large diameter pipe under combined loading显示文摘 | Bouwkamp J G Stephen R M | 1973 | Journal of Transportation Engineering1973，99，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Transgenic pigs as bioreactors: a comparison ofgamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid in recombinant humanprotein C and factor Ⅸ by the mammary gland显示文摘 | KEVIN E V C STEPHEN P B CHRISTOPHER G R | 1999 | Genetic Analysis: Biomolecular Engineering1999，15，： | 1 |
| 13 | Broadband Software-Radio Spread-Specmun Communications Using Time-Frequency Distribution Synthesis 显示文摘 | Stephen R Lach Moeness G Interference Excision for Amin Alan R Lindsey | 1999 | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication (S0733-8716)1999，17，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Morphology, genesis, and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale显示文摘 | Robert G L Robert M R Stephen C R | 2009 | Journal of Sedimentary Research2009，79，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Laboratory studies of faceors affecting egg hatch of triops longicaudatus显示文摘 | STEPHEN R S ALBERT A G | 1979 | Hydrobiologia1979，63，： | 1 |
| 16 | Morphology genesis and distribution of nanometer-scalepores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian BarnettShale 显示文摘 | ROBERT G L ROBERT M R STEPHEN C R | 2009 | Journal of Sedimentary Research2009，，79： | 1 |
| 17 | Investigation of benzene oxide in bone marrow and other tissues of F344 rats following metabolism of benzene in vitro and in vivo 显示文摘 | Andrew B L Karen YO C Suramya W Thomas A M Bernard T G Stephen M R | 1998 | Chemical Research in Toxicology1998，11，4： | 1 |
| 18 | TNF downmodulates the function of human CD4+ CD25hi T-regu- latory cells显示文摘 | Valencia X Stephens G Goldbach-Mansky R | 2006 | Blood2006，108，： | 1 |
| 19 | Analysis ofammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta subdivision of theclass Proteobacteria in coastal sand dunes by denaturinggradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of PCR-ampli-fied 16S ribosomal DNA fragments显示文摘 | Kowalchuk G A Stephen J R Boer W D | 1997 | Appl Environ Mi-crobiol1997，63，： | 1 |
| 20 | Ammonia - oxidizing bacteria: A model for molecular microbial ecology 显示文摘 | Kowalchuk G A Stephen J R | 2001 | Annual Review of Microbiology2001，55，： | 1 |
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