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| 1 | 意见不一致时的策略:应用GRADE网格对临床实践指南达成共识显示文摘指南制定委员会的结构庞大和多元化使达成共识变得困难。Roman Jaeschke及其同事阐述了一种达成共识的简单方法,即当无法取得一致时,应用GRADE网格对临床实践指南达成共识。 | Roman Jaeschke Gordon H Guyatt Phil Dellinger Holger Schünemann Mitchell M Levy Regina Kunz Susan Norris Julian Bion 刘芳 陈耀龙 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，7： | 22 |
| 2 | Significance of hepatitis virus infection in the oncogenicinitiation of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a major risk factor in the development of the HCC, independently from excessive alcohol abuse and metabolic disease. Since the biology of HBV and HCV is different, their oncogenic effect may go through different mechanisms, direct and/or indirect. Viral hepatitis infection is associated with cellular inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, that may lead to subsequent hepatic injuries such as chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally HCC. Direct oncogenic properties of these viruses are related with their genotypic characteristics and the ability of viral proteins to interact with host proteins, thus altering the molecular pathways balance of the cells. In addition, the integration of HBV DNA, especially the gene S and X, in a particular site of the host genome can disrupt chromosomal stability and may activate various oncogenic mechanisms, including those in hematopoietic cells. Recently, several studies also had demonstrated that viral hepatitis could trigger the population of hepatic cancer stem cells. This review summarize available pre-clinical and clinical data in literature regarding oncogenic properties of HBV and HCV in the early initiation of HCC. | Caecilia HC Sukowati Korri E El-Khobar Susan I Ie Beatrice Anfuso David H Muljono Claudio Tiribelli | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，4： | 18 |
| 3 | Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery:Where are we going?显示文摘The foundation for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) is to access the peritoneal and other body cavities through the wall of the alimentary tract via natural orifices,with the goal of performing procedures within the peritoneum and other cavities,without the need to make incisions in the abdominal wall.We have made great progress in the field of NOTES since the publication of the White Paper in 2006.There are still major fundamental goals as outlined by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons/American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy joint committee that need to be evaluated and answered before NOTES is ready for widespread clinical use.These include prevention of infection,instrument development,creation of a multitasking platform,and the ability to recognize and treat intraperitoneal complications such as hemorrhage and other physiological adverse events.In response to this need,recent abstracts and papers have focused on the management of intraoperative complications.The next phase is to focus on controlled prospective multicenter clinical trials that compare defined NOTES procedure to standard laparoscopy.The goal is to produce reliable and convincing data for the United States Food and Drug Administration,insurance companies,the physician community and the general public.At the present time,we still have many important milestones that still need to be met.Most investigators agree that a hybrid technique and not a pure NOTES practice should be advocated until devices can meet the current and new challenges in this f ield. | Susan H Whang Klaus Thaler | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，35： | 18 |
| 4 | Self-management of coronary heart disease in older patients after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty显示文摘 | Susan Dawkes Graeme D Smith Lawrie Elliott Robert Raeside Jayne H Donaldson | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，5： | 10 |
| 5 | 改进医疗服务质量、确保病人安全的教学方法显示文摘提高医疗服务质量、确保病人安全是当前医学教育及培训面临的巨大挑战。今天的医生及医务工作者应具备良好的沟通能力,掌握如何在临床实践中鉴别、预防和处理不良事件及接近过失事件(nearmisses),如何使用当前获得的证据及相关信息,如何安全有效地在团队中工作,如何在实践中教授和学习病人安全知识,如何根据认可的伦理原则服务公众。 | Merrilyn M Walton Bruce H Barraclough Samantha A Van Staalduinen Susan L Elliott 段玉蓉(译) 张鸣明(审校) | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，9： | 7 |
| 6 | Prevalence of amblyopia among preschool children in central south China显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with amblyopia among children aged 30-83 mo in central south of China.METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 30-83 mo in Changsha(an urban city) and Zhangjiajie(a rural area) in central south of China. Clinical examinations including ocular alignment, ocular motility, visual acuity(VA), prism cover test, cycloplegic refraction, slit lamp examination and fundus examination were performed by trained study ophthalmologists and optometrists. Unilateral amblyopia was defined as a 2-line difference between eyes with VA<20/32 in the worse eye and with coexisting anisometropia [≥1.00 D spherical eutivalent(SE) for hyperopia, ≥3.00 D SE for myopia, and ≥1.50 D for astigmatism], strabismus, or past or present visual axis obstruction. Bilateral amblyopia was defined as VA in both eyes <20/40(≥ 48-month-old) and <20/50(< 48-month-old), with coexisting hyperopia ≥4.00 D SE, myopia ≤-6.00 D SE, and astigmatism ≥2.50 D, or past or present visual axis obstruction.RESULTS: There were 8042 children enrolled and 7713 children were screened. The amblyopia prevalence in children aged 30-83 mo was 1.09%(95% confidence interval, 0.86%-1.35%) with no age(P=0.81), gender(P=0.46) or area distribution(P=0.93) differences. Of these, 0.68% were unilateral cases and 0.41% were bilateral cases. Underlying causes included anisometropia(40%), binocular refractive error(36%), strabismus(14%) and deprivation(10%). Hyperopia combined with astigmatism was the frequent refractive error for ametropic and anisometropic amblyopia.CONCLUSION: In this rural and urban Chinese population, 1.09% of children with 30-83 mo of age had amblyopia, a prevalence rate similar to that of many other studies. Anisometropia and refractive error are the most common causes of unilateral and bilateral amblyopia respectively. | Yun-Ping Li Meng-Wen Zhou Susan H Forster Si-Ying Chen Xin Qi Hui-Ming Zhang Jing Luo | 2019 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2019，12，5： | 5 |
| 7 | Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio:A prognostic tool in patients with inhospital cardiac arrest显示文摘BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA) portends a poor prognosis and survival to discharge rate. Prognostic markers such as interleukin-6, S-100 protein and high sensitivity C reactive protein have been studied as predictors of adverse outcomes after return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC); however; these variables are not routine laboratory tests and incur additional cost making them difficult to incorporate and less attractive in assessing patient's prognosis. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) is a marker of adverse prognosis for many cardiovascular conditions and certain types of cancers and sepsis. We hypothesize that an elevated NLR is associated with poor outcomes including mortality at discharge in patients with IHCA.AIM To determine the prognostic significance of NLR in patients suffering IHCA who achieve ROSC.METHODS A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had IHCA with the advanced cardiac life support protocol administered in a large urban community United States hospital over a one-year period. Patients were divided into two groups based on their NLR value(NLR < 4.5 or NLR ≥ 4.5). This cutpoint was derived from receiving operator characteristic curve analysis(area under the curve = 0.66) and provided 73% positive predictive value, 82% sensitivity and42% specificity for predicting in-hospital death after IHCA. The primary outcome was death or discharge at 30 d, whichever came first.RESULTS We reviewed 153 patients with a mean age of 66.1 ± 16.3 years; 48% were female.In-hospital mortality occurred in 65%. The median NLR in survivors was 4.9(range 0.6-46.5) compared with 8.9(0.28-96) in non-survivors(P = 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that an NLR above 4.55[odds ratio(OR) = 5.20, confidence interval(CI): 1.5-18.3, P = 0.01], older age(OR= 1.03, CI: 1.00-1.07, P = 0.05), and elevated serum lactate level(OR = 1.20, CI:1.03-1.40, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of death.CONCLUSION An NLR ≥ 4.5 may be a useful marker of increased risk of death in patients with IHCA. | Vishal H Patel Philip Vendittelli Rajat Garg Susan Szpunar Thomas LaLonde John Lee Howard Rosman Rajendra H Mehta Hussein Othman | 2019 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2019，8，2： | 5 |
| 8 | Shoot and root traits in drought tolerant maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids显示文摘This study aimed to investigate the differences in shoot and root traits, and water use and water use efficiency(WUE) in drought tolerant(DT) maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids under full and deficit irrigated conditions. A two-year greenhouse study was conducted with four hybrids(one conventional hybrid, 33D53AM, two commercial DT hybrids, P1151 AM, N75H, and an experimental hybrid, Exp HB) grown under two water regimes(I_(100) and I_(50), referring to 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration requirements). Under water stress, the hybids P1151 AM, N75, and Exp HB showed more drought tolerance and had either greater shoot dry weight or less dry weight reduction than the conventional hybrid(33 D53 AM). However, these three hybrids responded to water stress using different mechanisms. Compared with the conventional hybrid, the two commercial DT hybrids(P1151 AM and N75H) had a smaller leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root system per plant. As a result, these hybrids used less water but had a higher WUE compared with the conventional hybrid. In contrast, the experimental hybrid(ExpHB) produced more shoot biomass by silking stage at both irrigation levels than all other hybrids, but it had relatively lower WUE. The hybrids demonstrated different drought response mechanisms that may require different irrigation management strategies. More investigation and validation are needed under field conditions and in different soil types. | ZHAO Jin XUE Qing-wu Kirk E Jessup HOU Xiao-bo HAO Bao-zhen Thomas H Marek XU Wen-wei Steven R Evett Susan A O'Shaughnessy David K Brauer | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，5： | 3 |
| 9 | Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central Tanzania显示文摘Background:Understanding the interactions between malaria and agriculture in Tanzania is of particular significance when considering that they are the major sources of illness and livelihoods.The objective of this study was to determine knowledge,perceptions and practices as regards to malaria,climate change,livelihoods and food insecurity in a rural farming community in central Tanzania.Methods:Using a cross-sectional design,heads of households were interviewed on their knowledge and perceptions on malaria transmission,symptoms and prevention and knowledge and practices as regards to climate change and food security.Results:A total of 399 individuals(mean age=39.8±15.5 years)were interviewed.Most(62.41%)of them had attained primary school education and majority(91.23%)were involved in crop farming activities.Nearly all(94.7%)knew that malaria is acquired through a mosquito bite.Three quarters(73%)reported that most people get sick from malaria during the rainy season.About 50%of the respondents felt that malaria had decreased during the last 10 years.The household coverage of insecticide treated mosquito nets(ITN)was high(95.5%).Ninety-six percent reported to have slept under a mosquito net the previous night.Only one in four understood the official Kiswahili term(Mabadiliko ya Tabia Nchi)for climate change.However,there was a general understanding that the rain patterns have changed in the past 10 years.Sixty-two percent believed that the temperature has increased during the same period.Three quarters of the respondents reported that they had no sufficient production from their own farms to guarantee food security in their household for the year.Three quarters(73.0%)reported to having food shortages in the past five years.About half said they most often experienced severe food shortage during the rainy season.Conclusion:Farming communities in Kilosa District have little knowledge on climate change and its impact on malaria burden.Food insecurity is common and community-based strategies to mitigate this need to be established.The findings call for an integrated control of malaria and food insecurity interventions. | Benjamin K Mayala Carolyn A Fahey Dorothy Wei Maria M Zinga Venera M Bwana Tabitha Mlacha Susan F Rumisha Grades Stanley Elizabeth H Shayo Leonard EG Mboera | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Early intervention care in the acute stroke patient显示文摘 | Sherrill H Susan R | 1986 | Arch Phys Med Rehabil1986，67，： | 2 |
| 11 | Chilling injury in peach and nectarine显示文摘 | Susan L Carlos H C | 2005 | Postharvest Biology and Technology2005，37，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Shape memory effect and cristallographic investigation in VN containing Fe-Mn-Si-Cr alloys显示文摘 | Susan F Kenji H Kubo H | 2005 | Materials Transactions2005，45，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Comparative chromosome morphology of diphoid Vaccinium显示文摘 | Susan H Hall Galleta G J | 1971 | Species J Amer Soc Hort Sci1971，96，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Whole-body FDGPET IN Patients with recurrent Colorectal carcinoma:A Comparative Study with CT显示文摘 | Susan H Henry WDY Homer AM | 2000 | Clin Posit Imag2000，3，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Discovery of pyrimidine carboxamides as potent and selective CCK1 receptor agonosts 显示文摘 | Liping W James A H Susan J L | 2011 | Bioorg Med Chern Lett2011，21，： | 1 |
| 16 | Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada显示文摘 | Donald EL Bonnie H | 2003 | N Eng J Med2003，348，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Correlation between hydrolysis of the fi-Lactam bond of the cephalosporin nucleus and expulsion of the 3-substituent 显示文摘 | Cynthia H Ocallaghan Susan M Kirby Morris A | 1972 | Journal of Bacteriology1972，110，3： | 1 |
| 18 | The wing in yeast heat shock transcription factor(HSF) DNA-binding domain is required for full activity 显示文摘 | MARCOv P C SUSAN T H CELIA J H | 2001 | Nucleic Acids Res2001，29，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Realized gain and prediction of yield with genetically improved Pinus radiata in New Zealand显示文摘 | Susan D C Oscar G Judy D H | 1999 | For Sci1999，45，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Risk factors for non-cure among new sputum smear positive tuberculosis patients treated in tuberculosis dispensaries in Yunnan,China显示文摘 | HUA J SUSAN H XU L | | 0，，： | 1 |
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