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您的检索式：作者名="Syeda Maliha"
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| 1 | Exosomes:A new frontier under the spotlight for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases显示文摘Exosomes are small plasma membrane-bound multivesicular bodies ranging in size from 20-100 nm.Exosomes are degraded fragments of mRNA,microRNA,and enriched in proteins,lipids,and nucleic acid.They are produced in the endosomes of most eukaryotic cells and once secreted,exosomes are involved in cell to cell communication and remodeling of the matrix in the extracellular compartment.Exosome biogenesis plays a crucial role in cellular development,inflammation,immunity,hemostasis,carcinogenesis,and degeneration.Due to their unique biochemical and biophysical properties,exosomes serve a variety of functions including biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic significance.Besides,there is an increasing level of evidence to expand our understanding of the exosomes as novel therapeutic agents.Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,hepatic fibrosis,and gastrointestinal malignancies such as colorectal cancer are the potential avenues where exosomes can be applied as cell therapy and immunotherapy and have shown promising results in several in-vitro and animal models.The purpose of this review article is to highlight the emerging role of exosomes as the diagnostic and therapeutic tool in various diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract like IBD,hepatocellular carcinoma,and colon cancer.A thorough literature search was performed on databases such as PubMed,Ovid Medline,and EMBASE to achieve the objectives of this review article. | Maliha Naseer Syeda Hadi Ali Syed Amer Safdari Veysel Tahan | 2021 | World Journal of Meta-Analysis2021，9，1： | 0 |
| 2 | Farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor 15/19 as pharmacological targets显示文摘The farnesoid X receptor(FXR)is a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator activated by bile acids or synthetic FXR agonists.FXR is expressed highly in the liver and intestine where modulation of FXR critically regulates the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis,hepatic gluconeogenesis/lipogenesis,and inflammation.We review the roles of FXR and one of its intestinal target genes,fibroblast growth factor(FGF)15 in mice/FGF19 in humans,play in regulating these important pathways in health and diseases.The main purpose of this review is to review therapeutics that target bile acid signaling to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),a stage of disease within the spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)with a focus on current preclinical studies in mice and clinical research.NASH is a huge medical burden and characterized by hepatic steatosis,inflam-mation,and progressive development of liver fibrosis.However,there is currently no Food and Drug Administration approved treatment option for NASH.While there are multiple factors contributing to NASH pathophysiology,bile acid regulation is proposed to have a major role in NASH pathogenesis.Synthetic FXR agonists and FGF19 protein may be promising agents to treat NASH,with obeticholic acid(OCA),cilofexor,tropifexor,nidufexor,EDP-305,and NGM282 currently in phase II or III clinical trials of NASH.FXR antagonism has also emerged,and antagonists like ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)and glycine-beta-muricholic acid(Gly-MCA)are in pre-clinical stage development for NASH treatment.This mini review seeks to evaluate and organize the literature available on FXR ligands and pathways for the treatment of NASH. | Syeda Maliha Grace L.Guo | 2021 | Liver Research2021，5，3： | 0 |
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