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| 1 | Role of interventional radiology in the management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding显示文摘Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality without appropriate treatment. There are numerous causes of acute GIB including but not limited to infection, vascular anomalies, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and malignancy. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach of GIB depends on its location, severity, and etiology. The role of interventional radiology becomes vital in patients whose GIB remains resistant to medical and endoscopic treatment. Radiology offers diagnostic imaging studies and endovascular therapeutic interventions that can be performed promptly and effectively with successful outcomes. Computed tomography angiography and nuclear scintigraphy can localize the source of bleeding and provide essential information for the interventional radiologist to guide therapeutic management with endovascular angiography and transcatheter embolization. This review article provides insight into the essential role of Interventional Radiology in the management of acute GIB. | Raja S Ramaswamy Hyung Won Choi Hans C Mouser Kazim H Narsinh Kevin C McCammack Tharintorn Treesit Thomas B Kinney | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，4： | 8 |
| 2 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 3 | Chronic overexpression of PNPLA3^sup I148M^ in mouse liver causes hepatic steatosis显示文摘 | Li John Zhong Huang Yongcheng Karaman Ruchan Ivanova Pavlina T Brown H Alex Roddy Thomas Castro-Perez Jose Cohen Jonathan C Hobbs Helen H | 2012 | EN2012，，11： | 3 |
| 4 | Parameters of a severe disease course in ulcerative colitis显示文摘AIM:To detect high risk patients with a progressive disease course of ulcerative colitis(UC) requiring immunosuppressive therapy(IT).METHODS:A retrospective,multicenter analysis of 262 UC patients from eight German tertiary inflammatory bowel disease centres was performed.Patients were divided into two groups depending on the patients need to initiate immunosuppressive therapy in the disease course.A comparison between the two groups was made with regard to demographics,clinical and laboratory parameters obtained within three months after UC diagnosis and the response to first medical therapy.Using this data,a prognostic model was established to predict the individual patients probability of requiring an immunosuppressive therapy.RESULTS:In 104(39.7%) out of 262 patients,UC therapy required an immunosuppressive treatment.Patients in this group were significantly younger at time of diagnosis(HR = 0.981 ± 0.014 per year,P = 0.009),and required significantly more often a hospitalisation(HR = 2.5 ± 1.0,P < 0.001) and a systemic corticosteroid therapy at disease onset(HR = 2.4 ± 0.8,P < 0.001),respectively.Response to steroid treatment was significantly different between the two groups of patients(HR = 5.2 ± 3.9 to 50.8 ± 35.6 compared to no steroids,P = 0.016 to P < 0.001).Furthermore,in the IT group an extended disease(HR = 3.5 ± 2.4 to 6.1 ± 4.0 compared to proctitis,P = 0.007 to P = 0.001),anemia(HR = 2.2 ± 0.8,P < 0.001),thrombocytosis(HR = 1.9 ± 1.8,P = 0.009),elevated C-reactive protein(CRP)(HR = 2.1 ± 0.9,P < 0.001),and extraintestinal manifestations in the course of disease(HR = 2.6 ± 1.1,P = 0.004) were observed.Six simple clinical items were used to establish a prognostic model to predict the individual risk requiring an IT.This probability ranges from less than 2% up to 100% after 5 years.Using this,the necessity of an immunosuppressive therapy can be predicted in 60% of patients.Our model can determine the need for an immunosuppressive drug therapy or if a 'watch and wait' approach is reasonable already early in the treatment course of UC.CONCLUSION:Using six simple clinical parameters,we can estimate the patients individual risk of developing a progressive disease course. | Andreas Stallmach Luisa Nickel Thomas Lehmann Bernd Bokemeyer Martin Bürger Dietrich Hüppe Wolfgang Kruis Susanna Nikolaus Jan C Preiss Andreas Sturm Niels Teich Carsten Schmidt | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，35： | 2 |
| 5 | Crystal structure of a TAF1-TAF7 complex in human transcription factor liD reveals a promoter binding module显示文摘 | Hui Wang Elizabeth C Curran Thomas R Hinds Edith H Wang Ning Zheng | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，12： | 2 |
| 6 | Morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type C: A retrospective follow-up study of 384 patients显示文摘 | G Fattovich G Giustina F Degos F Tremolada G Diodati P Almasio F Nevens A Solinas D Mura JT Brouwer H Thomas C Njapoum C Casarin P Bonetti P Fuschi J Basho A Tocco A Bhalla R Galassini F Noventa SW Schalm G Realdi | 1997 | Gastroenterology1997，，2： | 2 |
| 7 | 紫杉醇局部治疗抑制猪静脉桥新生内膜形成和增厚的实验研究显示文摘目的 :局部药物治疗是一个很好的防治静脉桥病变的策略。本研究用抗细胞增殖药物紫杉醇处理大隐静脉桥后植入猪的颈动脉 ,以观察紫杉醇的抗细胞增殖作用在抑制静脉桥内膜平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移导致内膜形成和增厚的效果。方法 :将 10头猪的 2 0只大隐静脉桥分为两组。治疗组 :将大隐静脉桥 10只置于含有 10 μmol/L浓度的紫杉醇溶液中 (先用该溶液灌洗 )浸泡 1h后植入猪的颈动脉 ,紫杉醇是溶解在 2 5 μl/L的无水酒精中 ,对照组 10只大隐静脉桥置于单纯的酒精中浸泡。 4周后取开放的静脉桥进行组织学分析。结果 :①治疗组静脉桥新生内膜面积 (1 5 9± 0 95 )mm2 ,对照组新生内膜面积高达 (2 43± 1 3 5 )mm2 ,治疗组显著低于对照组 ,两组比较有非常显著的差异 ,P <0 0 1;②治疗组内膜平滑肌细胞密度均值为 (3 681± 193 5 ) /mm2 ,对照组为 (4 60 7± 1993 ) /mm2 ,两组比较有显著性差异 ,P <0 0 5 ;中膜平滑肌细胞密度均值治疗组 (2 13 9± 73 4) /mm2 ,对照组(3 62 9± 3 2 0 7) /mm2 ,两组比较有显著性的差异 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :紫杉醇可显著抑制静脉桥内膜、中膜平滑肌细胞的增殖 ,抑制新生内膜的形成 ,证明紫杉醇可在防治静脉桥闭塞方面发挥独特作用。 | 吴隐雄 Martin H Chamberlain Thomas Johnson Jason L Johnson Andrew C Newby Gianni D Angelin Martin Oberhoff Karl K Karsch | 2003 | 中国循环杂志2003，18，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Three dimensional transonic aeroelasticity using proper orthogonal decompo- sition-based reduced order models显示文摘 | Thomas J P Dowell E H Hall K C | 2003 | Journal of Aircraft2003，40，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Achieving Effective Implementation and Evaluation of a Collaborative Land Use Planning Process显示文摘 | Albert Karin H Thomas I Gunton J C Day | 2004 | Environments2004，31，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Effect of particulate materials and osmoprotectants on very-high-gravity ethanolic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae显示文摘 | Thomas K C Hynes S H Ingledew W M | 1994 | Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology1994，60，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Wells-dawson heteropolyacid supported on silica: isobutane alkylation with C4 olefins显示文摘 | Baronetti G Thomas H Querini C A | 2001 | Appl Catal A :General2001，217，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Measuring Values of Extra market Goods: Are Indirect Measures Biased? 显示文摘 | Richard C B Thomas A H | 1979 | American Journal of Agricultural Economics1979，61，5： | 1 |
| 13 | A novel method to fabricate biodegradable scaffolds显示文摘 | Wang K Thomas C H | 1995 | Polymer1995，36，： | 1 |
| 14 | Non-structural Fuzzy Decision Support System for Evaluation of Construction Safety Management System显示文摘 | Tam C M Tong Thomas K L Chiu Gerald C W Fung Ivan W H | 2002 | International Journal of Project Management2002，，20： | 1 |
| 15 | Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase isoforms in maize leaves:Localization,relative proportion and their role in ammonium assimilation or nitrogen transport显示文摘 | Thomas W B Elisa C Bertrand H | 2000 | Planta2000，211，： | 1 |
| 16 | Domain swapping and gene shuffling identify sequences required for induction of an Avr-dependent hypersensitive response by the tomato Cf-4 and Cf-9 proteins显示文摘 | Wulff B B H Thomas C M Smoker M | 2001 | Plant Cell2001，13，： | 1 |
| 17 | Technique of single- stege repair of coarctation of the aorta with ventricu- lar septal defect 显示文摘 | Wakers H L Ionon C E Thomas R L | 2008 | Semi Thorac cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card surg Ann2008，11，： | 1 |
| 18 | Novel degradable oligoethylenimine acrylate ester-based pseudodendrimers for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer 显示文摘 | RUSS V ELFBERG H THOMA C | 2008 | Gene Ther2008，15，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Gold and trace element zonation in pyrite using a laser imaging technique: Implications for the timing of gold in orogenic and Carlin- style sediment- hosted deposits 显示文摘 | R R Large L Danyushevsky C Hollit V Maslennikov S Meffer S Gilbert S Bull R Scott P Emsbo H Thomas B Singh J Foster | 2009 | Economic Geology2009，104，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Statin induction of liver fatty acid-binding protein(L-FABP)gene expression is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent显示文摘 | Landrier JF Thomas C Grober J Duez H Percevault F Souidi M | 2004 | J Biol Chem2004，279，45： | 1 |
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