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| 1 | Mitogenomic phylogeny of the Asian colobine genus Trachypithecus with special focus on Trachypithecus phayrei(Blyth, 1847) and description of a new species显示文摘Trachypithecus,which currently contains 20 species divided into four groups,is the most speciose and geographically dispersed genus among Asian colobines.Despite several morphological and molecular studies,however,its evolutionary history and phylogeography remain poorly understood.Phayre’s langur(Trachypithecus phayrei) is one of the most widespread members of the genus,but details on its actual distribution and intraspecific taxonomy are limited and controversial.Thus,to elucidate the evolutionary history of Trachypithecus and to clarify the intraspecific taxonomy and distribution of T.phayrei,we sequenced 41 mitochondrial genomes from georeferenced fecal samples and museum specimens,including two holotypes.Phylogenetic analyses revealed a robustly supported phylogeny of Trachypithecus,suggesting that the T.pileatus group branched first,followed by the T.francoisi group,and the T.cristatus and T.obscurus groups most recently.The four species groups diverged from each other 4.5-3.1 million years ago(Ma),while speciation events within these groups occurred much more recently(1.6-0.3 Ma).Within T.phayrei,we found three clades that diverged 1.0-0.9 Ma,indicating the existence of three rather than two taxa.Following the phylogenetic species concept and based on genetic,morphological,and ecological differences,we elevate the T.phayrei subspecies to species level,describe a new species from central Myanmar,and refine the distribution of the three taxa.Overall,our study highlights the importance of museum specimens and provides new insights not only into the evolutionary history of T.phayrei but the entire Trachypithecus genus as well. | Christian Roos Kristofer MHelgen Roberto Portela Miguez Naw May Lay Thant Ngwe Lwin Aung Ko Lin Aung Lin Khin Mar Yi Paing Soe Zin Mar Hein Margaret Nyein Nyein Myint Tanvir Ahmed Dilip Chetry Melina Urh EGrace Veatch Neil Duncan Pepijn Kamminga Marcus AHChua Lu Yao Christian Matauschek Dirk Meyer Zhi-Jin Liu Ming Li Tilo Nadler Peng-Fei Fan Le Khac Quyet Michael Hofreiter Dietmar Zinner Frank Momberg | 2020 | Zoological Research2020，41，6： | 5 |
| 2 | Efferent limb of gastrojejunostomy obstruction by a whole okra phytobezoar:Case report and brief review显示文摘A phytobezoar is one of the intraluminal causes of gastric outlet obstruction,especially in patients with previous gastric surgery and/or gastric motility disorders.Before the proton pump inhibitor era,vagotomy,pyloroplasty,gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy were commonly performed procedures in peptic ulcer patients.One of the sequelae of gastrojejunostomy is phytobezoar formation.However,a bezoar causing gastric outlet obstruction is rare even with giant gastric bezoars.We report a rare case of gastric outlet obstruction due to a phytobezoar obstructing the efferent limb of the gastrojejunostomy site.This phytobezoar which consisted of a whole piece of okra(lady finger vegetable) was successfully removed by endoscopic snare.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first case of okra bezoar-related gastrojejunostomy efferent limb obstruction reported in the literature. | Thant Zin Myat Maw Dinker Ramananda Pai Rosaini Binti Paijan Myo Kyi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Comparison of microscopy and PCR for the detection of human Plasmodium species and Plasmodium knowlesi in southern Myanmar显示文摘Objectives: To determine the distribution of Plasmodium(P) species including Plasmodium knowlesi and to compare the specificity and sensitivity of microscopy with nested PCR in malaria diagnosis.Methods: The study was conducted in Kawthaung, southern Myanmar. Ninety clinically suspected malaria patients were screened for malaria by Giemsa stained microscopy and con firmed by nested PCR.Results: Among the participants, 57(63.3%) were positive and 33(36.7%)were negative by microscopy. Of positive samples, 39(68.4%) were Plasmodium fcalciparum,17(29.8%) Plasmodium vivax and 1(1.8%) Plasmodium malariae, whereas 59-amplified by PCR were 40(67.8%), 18(30.5%) and 1(1.7%) respectively. PCR amplified 2 microscopy negative samples. Two samples of P. falciparum detected by microscopy were amplified as P. vivax and vice versa. All samples were negative for Plasmodium ovale.P. knowlesi and mixed infections. Microscopy had a very good measure of agreement(κ=0.95) compared to nested PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of microscopy for diagnosis of P. falciparum were 92.5%(95% CI: 79.6-98.4) and 96.0%(95% CI: 86.3-99.5)respectively, whereas for P. vivax were 83.3%(95% CI: 58.6-96.4) and 97.2%(95% CI:90.3-99.7).Conclusions: P. knowlesi was not detected by both microscopy and PCR. Giemsa stained microscopy can still be applied as primary method for malaria diagnosis and is considered as gold standard. As to the lower sensitivity of microscopy for vivax malaria,those with previous history of malaria and relapse cases should be diagnosed by RDT or PCR combined with microscopy. Inaccuracy of species diagnosis highlighted the requirement of training and refresher courses for microscopists. | Thu Zar Han Kay Thwe Han Kyin Hla Aye Thaung Hlaing Kyaw Zin Thant Indra Vythilingam | 2017 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2017，7，8： | 0 |
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