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| 1 | Abdominal applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: Where do we stand?显示文摘Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is one of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences providing qualitative as well as quantitative information at a cellular level. It has been widely used for various applications in the central nervous system. Over the past decade, various extracranial applications of DWI have been increasingly explored, as it may detect changes even before signal alterations or morphological abnormalities become apparent on other pulse sequences. Initial results from abdominal MRI applications are promising, particularly in oncological settings and for the detection of abscesses. The purpose of this article is to describe the clinically relevant basic concepts of DWI, techniques to perform abdominal DWI, its analysis and applications in abdominal visceral MR imaging, in addition to a brief overview of whole body DWI MRI. | Ajaykumar C Morani Khaled M Elsayes Peter S Liu William J Weadock Janio Szklaruk Jonathan Russell Dillman Asra Khan Thomas L Chenevert Hero K Hussain | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，3： | 12 |
| 2 | Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse显示文摘Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation.We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC binding.Using primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA synthesis.Furthermore,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA production.Similar effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th subset.These data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell binding.We also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen presentation.These data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS. | Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice Long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Numerically converged solutions of the global primitive equations for testing the dy- namical core of atmospheric GCMs 显示文摘 | Polvani L M Scott R K Thomas S J | 2004 | Mon Wea Rev2004，132，： | 1 |
| 4 | Molecular characteriza- tion of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids显示文摘 | Munro S Thomas K L Abu-Shaar M | 1993 | Nature1993，365，6441： | 1 |
| 5 | Mo- lecular cloning and characterization of the human clock gene: expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei 显示文摘 | THOMAS D L STEEVE S DAVID P K | 1999 | Genomics1999，，57： | 1 |
| 6 | Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: A general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes 显示文摘 | Mansour S L Thomas K R Capecchi M R | 1988 | Nature1988，336，6197： | 1 |
| 7 | NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology:rectal cancer 显示文摘 | Engstrom PF Arnoletti JP Benson AB 3rd Chen YJ Choti MA Cooper HS Covey A Dilawari RA Early DS Enzinger PC Fakih MG Fleshman J Jr Fuchs C Greta JL Kiel K Knol JA Leong LA Lin E Mulcahy MF Rao S Ryan DP Saltz L Shibata D Skibber JM Sofocleous C Thomas J Venook AP Willett C | 2009 | J Natl Compr Canc Netw2009，7，： | 1 |
| 8 | Selective LXRa inhibitory effects observed in plant extracts of MEH184 ( Parthenocissua tricuspidata ) and MEH185 ( Euscaphis japonica ) 显示文摘 | Kang H K Seung H C Thomas S L | 2006 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2006，349，： | 1 |
| 9 | Ageing studies of pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced polyester composites显示文摘 | Uma Devi L Joseph K Manikandan Nair KC Thomas S | 2004 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2004，94，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Increasing total fiber intake reduces risk of weight and fat gains in women 显示文摘 | Tucker L A Thomas K S | 2009 | The Journal of Nutrition2009，139，： | 1 |
| 11 | Risk factors for stress fractures in female tracd-and-field athletes: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | BENNELL K L MALCOLM S A THOMAS S A | 1991 | Clin J Sport Med1991，5，： | 1 |
| 12 | The archaeal flagellum:a dif-ferent kind of prokaryotic motility structure显示文摘 | Thomas N A Bardy S L Jarrell K F | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 13 | The United Kingdom public health re- sponse to an imported laboratory confirmed case of a no- vel coronavirus in September 2012显示文摘 | Pebody R G Chand M A Thomas H L Green H K Boddington N L Carvalho C Brown C S Anderson S R Rooney C Crawley-Boevey E Irwin D J Aarons E Tong C Newsholme W Price N Langrish C Tucker D Zhao H Phin N Crofts J Bermingham A Gil- gunn-Jones E Brown K E Evans B Catchpole M Watson J M | 2012 | Euro Surveill2012，17，20： | 1 |
| 14 | Horizontal gene transfer in a polyclonal outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 显示文摘 | Valenzuela J K Thomas L Partridge S R | 2007 | J Clinic Microbiol2007，45，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Adult and children's exposure to 2,4-D from multiple sources and pathways显示文摘 | MORGAN M K SHELDON L S THOMAS K W | 2008 | J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol2008，18，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Selective LXRalpha inhibitory effects observed in plant extracts of MEH184 ( Parthenocissua tricuspidata ) and MEH185 (Euscaphis japonica) 显示文摘 | Kang H K Seung H C Thomas S L | 2006 | Biochem Biophy Res Comm2006，349，： | 1 |
| 17 | Increasing total fiber intake reduces risk of weight and fat gains in women显示文摘 | Tucker L A Thomas K S | 2009 | Journal of Nutrition2009，139，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Co-occurring insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea显示文摘 | LICHSTEIN K L THOMAS S J WOOSLEY J A | 2013 | Sleep Med2013，14，： | 1 |
| 19 | AC/AC power conversion based on matrix converter topology with unindirectional switches 显示文摘 | Kim S Sul S K Thomas A L | 2000 | IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications2000，36，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Role of green peach aphid flights in the epidemiology of potato leaf roll disease in the Columbia Basin显示文摘 | Thomas P E Pike K S Reed G L | 1997 | Plant Dis1997，81，： | 1 |
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