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| 1 | Effects of Caragana microphylla plantations on organic carbon sequestration in total and labile soil organic carbon fractions in the Horqin Sandy Land, northern China显示文摘Afforestation is conducive to soil carbon(C) sequestration in semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the effects of afforestation on sequestrations of total and labile soil organic carbon(SOC) fractions in semi-arid sandy lands. In the present study, we examined the effects of Caragana microphylla Lam. plantations with different ages(12-and 25-year-old) on sequestrations of total SOC as well as labile SOC fractions such as light fraction organic carbon(LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC). The analyzed samples were taken from soil depths of 0–5 and 5–15 cm under two shrub-related scenarios: under shrubs and between shrubs with moving sand dunes as control sites in the Horqin Sandy Land of northern China. The results showed that the concentrations and storages of total SOC at soil depths of 0–5 and 5–15 cm were higher in 12-and 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations than in moving sand dunes(i.e., control sites), with the highest value observed under shrubs in 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations. Furthermore, the concentrations and storages of LFOC and MBC showed similar patterns with those of total SOC at the same soil depth. The 12-year-old C. microphylla plantations had higher percentages of LFOC concentration to SOC concentration and MBC concentration to SOC concentration than the 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations and moving sand dunes at both soil depths. A significant positive correlation existed among SOC, LFOC, and MBC, implying that restoring the total and labile SOC fractions is possible by afforestation with C. microphylla shrubs in the Horqin Sandy Land. At soil depth of 0–15 cm, the accumulation rate of total SOC under shrubs was higher in young C. microphylla plantations(18.53 g C/(m^2·a); 0–12 years) than in old C. microphylla plantations(16.24 g C/(m^2·a); 12–25 years), and the accumulation rates of LFOC and MBC under shrubs and between shrubs were also higher in young C. microphylla plantations than in old C. microphylla plantations. It can be concluded that the establishment of C. microphylla in the Horqin Sandy Land may be a good mitigation strategy for SOC sequestration in the surface soils. | SHANG Wen LI Yuqiang ZHAO Xueyong ZHANG Tonghui MA Quanlin TANG Jinnian FENG Jing SU Na | 2017 | Journal of Arid Land2017，9，5： | 3 |
| 2 | Identification of Cinobufagin and Resibufogenin as Inhibitors of Enterovirus 71 Infection显示文摘 | CHEN Jiawen XU Lin SUN Shiyang ZHANG Huafei MA Tonghui SU Weiheng JIANG Chunlai | 2014 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2014，30，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Soil properties following cultivation and non-grazing of a semi-arid sandy grassland in northern China显示文摘 | Su Yongzhong Zhao Halin Zhang Tonghui | 2004 | Soil and Tillage Research2004，75，1： | 1 |
| 4 | How could N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists lead to excitation instead of inhibition?显示文摘N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs) are a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors mainly known to mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity. Interestingly, low-dose NMDAR antagonists lead to increased, instead of decreased, functional connectivity;and they could cause schizophrenia-and/or antidepressant-like behavior in both humans and rodents. In addition, human genetic evidences indicate that NMDAR loss of function mutations underlie certain forms of epilepsy, a disease featured with abnormal brain hyperactivity. Together, they all suggest that under certain conditions,NMDAR activation actually lead to inhibition, but not excitation,of the global neuronal network. Apparently, these phenomena are rather counterintuitive to the receptor's basic role in mediating excitatory synaptic transmission. How could it happen? Recently, this has become a crucial question in order to fully understand the complexity of NMDAR function, particularly in disease. Over the past decades, different theories have been proposed to address this question. These include theories of 'NMDARs on inhibitory neurons are more sensitive to antagonism', or 'basal NMDAR activity actually inhibits excitatory synapse', etc. Our review summarizes these efforts, and also provides an introduction of NMDARs,inhibitory neurons, and their relationships with the related diseases.Advances in the development of novel NMDAR pharmacological tools, particularly positive allosteric modulators, are also included to provide insights into potential intervention strategies. | Tonghui Su Yi Lu Yang Geng Wei Lu Yelin Chen | 2018 | Translational Neuroscience and Clinics2018，4，2： | 0 |
| 5 | Detection of anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in the sera of Chinese neuromyelitis optica patients显示文摘In this study,we recruited 10 neuromyelitis optica patients,two multiple sclerosis patients and two myelitis patients.Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells transfected with a human aquaporin-4-mCherry fusion protein gene were used to detect anti-aquaporin-4 antibody in neuromyelitis optica patient sera by immunofluorescence.Anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody was stably detected by immunofluorescence in neuromyelitis optica patient sera exclusively.The sensitivity of the assay for neuromyelitis optica was 90% and the specificity for neuromyelitis optica was 100%.The anti-aquaporin-4 antibody titers in sera were tested with serial dilutions until the signal disappeared.A positive correlation was detected between Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and serum anti-aquaporin-4 antibody titers.The anti-aquaporin-4 antibody assay is highly sensitive and specific in the sera of Chinese neuromyelitis optica patients.Detection of aquaporin-4 autoantibody is important for the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica. | Miao Li Weiheng Su Jie Wang Francesco Pisani Antonio Frigeri Tonghui Ma | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，8： | 0 |
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