| 1 | Ecology,growth and management of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.),a non-native species integrated into European forests显示文摘Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.),a species native to the eastern North America,was introduced to Europe probably in 1601 and currently extends over2.3×10~6 ha.It has become naturalized in all sub-Mediterranean and temperate regions rivaling Populus spp.as the second most planted broadleaved tree species worldwide after Eucalyptus spp.This wide-spreading planting is because black locust is an important multipurpose species,producing wood,fodder,and a source of honey as well as bio-oil and biomass.It is also important for carbon sequestration,soil stabilization and re-vegetation of landfills,mining areas and wastelands,in biotherapy and landscaping.In Europe,black locust is drought tolerant so grows in areas with annual precipitation as low as 500-550 mm.It tolerates dry,nutrient poor soils but grows best on deep,nutrient-rich,well-drained soils.It is a fast-growing tree and the height,diameter and volume growth peak before the age of 20.It mostly regenerates vegetatively by root suckers under a simple coppice system,which is considered the most cost-effective management system.It also regenerates,but less frequently,by stool sprouts.Its early silviculture in production forests includes release cutting to promote root suckers rather than stool shoots,and cleaning-respacing to remove low-quality stems,reduce the number of shoots per stool,and adjust spacing between root suckers.In addition,early,moderate and frequent thinning as well as limited pruning are carried out focusing on crop trees.The species is regarded as invasive in several European countries and its range here is expected to expand under predicted climate changes. | Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu Károly Rédei William L.Mason Torsten Vor Elisabeth Poetzelsberger Jean-Charles Bastien Robert Brus Tibor Bencat MartinaDodan Branislav Cvjetkovic Sinisa Andrasev Nicola La Porta Vasyl Lavnyy Dejan Mandzukovski Krasimira Petkova Dusan Rozenbergar Radoslaw Wasik Godefridus M.J.Mohren Maria Cristina Monteverdi Brigitte Musch Marcin Klisz Sanja Peric Ljiljana Keca Debbie Bartlett Cornelia Hernea Michal Pástor | 2020 | Journal of Forestry Research2020，31，4： | 0 |
| 2 | Douglas-fi r(Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.)Franco)in Europe:an overview of management practices显示文摘Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.)Franco),one of the most commercially important tree species in western North America and one of the most valuable timber trees worldwide,was introduced to Europe in 1827.It became a major species for aff orestation in Western Europe after WWII,currently grows in 35 countries on over 0.83 million ha and is one of the most widespread nonnative tree species across the continent.A lower sensitivity to drought makes Douglas-fi r a potential alternative to the more drought-sensitive Norway spruce so its importance in Europe is expected to increase in the future.It is one of the fastest growing conifer species cultivated in Europe,with the largest reported dimensions of 2.3 m in diameter and 67.5 m in height.Pure stands have high productivity(up to 20 m 3 ha−1 a−1)and production(over 1000 m 3 ha−1).The species is generally regenerated by planting(initial stocking density from less than 1000 seedlings ha−1 to more than 4000 ha−1),using seedlings of European provenance derived from seed orchards or certifi ed seed stands.As the range of end-uses of its wood is very wide,the rotation period of Douglas-fi r is highly variable and ranges between 40 and 120 years.When the production of large-sized,knotfree timber is targeted,thinnings are always coupled with pruning up to 6 m.There is an increasing interest in growing Douglas-fi r in mixtures and managing stands through close-to-nature silviculture,but the species’intermediate shade tolerance means that it is best managed through group selection or shelterwood systems. | Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu William LMason Jean-Charles Bastien Torsten Vor Krasimira Petkova Vilém Podrázský Martina Đodan Sanja Perić Nicola La Porta Robert Brus Siniša Andrašev Martin Slávik Juraj Modranský Michal Pástor Károly Rédei Branislav Cvjetkovic Ahmet Sivacioğlu Vasyl Lavnyy Cornelia Buzatu-Goanță Gheorghe Mihăilescu | 2023 | Journal of Forestry Research2023，34，4： | 0 |
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