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| 1 | Chronic hepatitis C virus infection:Prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations and association with cryoglobulinemia in Bulgarian patients显示文摘AIM: To assess the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations in Bulgarian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and identify the clinical and biological manifestations associated with cryoglobulinemia. METHODS: The medical records of 136 chronically infected HCV patients were reviewed to assess the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations. Association between cryoglobulin-positivity and other manifestations were identified using χ2 and Fisher’s exact test. Risk factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Seventy six percent (104/136) of the patients had at least one extrahepatic manifestation. Clinical manifestations included fatigue (59.6%), kidney impairment (25.0%), type 2 diabetes (22.8%), paresthesia (19.9%), arthralgia (18.4%), palpable purpura (17.6%), lymphadenopathy (16.2%), pulmonary fi brosis (15.4%), thyroid dysfunction (14.7%), Raynaud’s phenomenon (11.8%), B-cell lymphoma (8.8%), sicca syndrome (6.6%), and lichen planus (5.9%). The biological manifestations included cryoglobulinproduction (37.5%), thrombocytopenia (31.6%), and autoantibodies: anti-nuclear (18.4%), anti-smooth muscle (16.9%), anti-neutrophil cytoplasm (13.2%) and anti-cardiolipin (8.8%). All extrahepatic manifestations showed an association with cryoglobulin-positivity, with the exception of thyroid dysfunction, sicca syndrome, and lichen planus. Risks factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations (univariate analysis) were: age ≥ 60 years, female gender, virus transmission by blood transfusions, longstanding infection (≥ 20 years), and extensive liver fi brosis. The most signifi cant risks factors (multivariate analysis) were longstanding infection and extensive liver fi brosis. CONCLUSION: We observed a high prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic HCV infection. Most of these manifestations were associated with impaired lymphoproliferation and cryoglobulin production. Longstanding infection and extensive liver fi brosis were signifi cant risk factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations in HCV patients. | Diana V Stefanova-Petrova Anelia H Tzvetanska Elisaveta J Naumova Anastasia P Mihailova Evgenii A Hadjiev Rumiana P Dikova Mircho I Vukov Konstantin G Tchernev | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，48： | 5 |
| 2 | Pain and ischemic symptoms in craniocervical artery dissection显示文摘 | Lovrencic-Huzjan A Vukovic V Azman D | 2008 | Acta Med Croatica2008，62，： | 1 |
| 3 | Transcranial Doppler in brain death confirmation in clinical practice显示文摘 | Lovrencic-Huzjan A Vukovic V Gopcevic A | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 4 | Perception of stroke in Croatia-knowledge of stroke signs and risk factors amongst neurological outpatients显示文摘 | Vukovic V Mikula I Kesic MJ | 2009 | European Journal of Neurology2009，16，9： | 1 |
| 5 | Guided modes in left - handed waveguides 显示文摘 | Vukovic S M Aleksie N B Timotijevic D V | 2008 | Optics Communications2008，281，： | 1 |
| 6 | Possible virulence factors of staphylococcus sciuri 显示文摘 | STEPANOVI C S VUKOVIC C D TRAJKOVI C V | 2001 | FEMS Microbiol Lett2001，199，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Prevalence of vertigo,dizz-iness,and migrainous vertigo in patiets with migraine显示文摘 | Vukovic V Plavec D Galinovic I | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 8 | CFD boundary conditions for contaminant dispersion, heat transfer and airflow simulations around human occupants in indoor environments 显示文摘 | J Srebric V Vukovic G He | 2008 | Buiding and Environment2008，43，： | 1 |
| 9 | CFD bound- ary conditions for contaminant dispersion, heat trans- fer and airflow simulations around human occupants in indoor environments 显示文摘 | SREBRIC J VUKOVIC V HE G | 2008 | Building and Environment2008，43，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Protection from radiation-induced DNA slngle-strand breaksbyinduction of nuclear metallothinoein显示文摘 | Vukovic V Pheng Say-Ry Stewart A Vik C Hedley D W | 2000 | International Joural of Radiation Biology2000，76，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates:overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by staphylococci 显示文摘 | Stepanovic S1 Vukovic D Hola V | 2007 | APMIS2007，115，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Influence of low pH on cytotoxicity of paclitaxel, mitoxantrone and topotecan 显示文摘 | Vukovic V Tannock IF | 1997 | Br J Cancer1997，75，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Expression of hypoxiainducible factor-1alpha in cervical carcinomas:correlation with tumor oxygenation显示文摘 | Haugland HK Vukovic V Pintilie M | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 14 | Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in cervical carcinomas correlation with tumor oxygenation显示文摘 | Haungland HK Vukovic V Pintilie M | 2002 | In J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys2002，53，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α in cervical carcinomas:correlation with tumor oxygenation显示文摘 | Haugland HK Vukovic V Pintilie M | 2002 | Int Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2002，53，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Studies on the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils and alcoholic extracts of Gentiana asclepiadea L显示文摘 | Mihailovic V Vukovic N Niciforovic N | 2011 | Journal of Medicinal Plants Research2011，5，： | 1 |
| 17 | Hypoxia- inducible factor-1 alpha is an intrinsic marker for hypoxia in cervical cancer xenografts 显示文摘 | VUKOVIC V I-IAUGLAND H K NICKLEE T | 2001 | Cancer Res2001，61，20： | 1 |
| 18 | Expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α in cervical carcinomas:correlation with tumor oxygenation显示文摘 | HAUGLAND H K VUKOVIC V PINTILIE M | 2002 | Int Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2002，53，： | 1 |
| 19 | TLM modeling of nonlinear optical effects in fiber Bragg gratings显示文摘 | Janyani V Paul J D Vukovic A | 2004 | IEE Proc-Optoelectron2004，151，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Energy analysis of chilled water system configurations using simulation-based optimization显示文摘 | Ali M Vukovic V Sahir M H | 2013 | Energy and Buildings2013，59，： | 1 |
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