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| 1 | Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in ADHD:A Systematic Review of Efficacy,Safety,and Protocol-induced Electrical Field Modeling Results显示文摘Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications.It has been increasingly used in neurodevelopmental disorders,especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),but its efficacy(based on effect size calculations),safety,and stimulation parameters have not been systematically examined.In this systematic review,we aimed to(1)explore the effectiveness of tDCS on the clinical symptoms and neuropsychological deficits of ADHD patients,(2)evaluate the safety of tDCS application,especially in children with ADHD,(3)model the electrical field intensity in the target regions based on the commonly-applied and effective versus less-effective protocols,and(4)discuss and propose advanced tDCS parameters.Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach,a literature search identified 14 empirical experiments investigating tDCS effects in ADHD.Partial improving effects of tDCS on cognitive deficits(response inhibition,working memory,attention,and cognitive flexibility)or clinical symptoms(e.g.,impulsivity and inattention)are reported in10 studies.No serious adverse effects are reported in 747 sessions of tDCS.The left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are the regions most often targeted,and anodal tDCS the protocol most often applied.An intensity of 2 mA induced stronger electrical fields than 1 mA in adults with ADHD and was associated with significant behavioral changes.In ADHD children,however,the electrical field induced by 1 mA,which is likely larger than the electrical field induced by 1 mA in adults due to the smaller head size of children,was sufficient to result in significant behavioral change.Overall,tDCS seems to be a promising method for improving ADHD deficits.However,the clinical utility of tDCS in ADHD cannot yet be concluded and requires further systematic investigation in larger sample sizes.Cortical regions involved in ADHD pathophysiology,stimulation parameters(e.g.intensity,duration,polarity,and electrode size),and types of symptom/deficit are potential determinants of tDCS efficacy in ADHD.Developmental aspects of tDCS in childhood ADHD should be considered as well. | Mohammad Ali Salehinejad Vahid Nejati Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani Ali Mohammadi Miles Wischnewski Min-Fang Kuo Alessio Avenanti Carmelo M・Vicario Michael A.Nitsche | 2020 | Neuroscience Bulletin2020，36，10： | 3 |
| 2 | The role of mast cells in functional GI disorders显示文摘 | Wouters Mira M Vicario Maria Santos Javier | 2016 | Gut2016，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Chronic psychosocial stress induces reversible mitochondrial damage and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type - 1 upregulation in the rat intestine and IBS - like gut dysfunction 显示文摘 | Vicario M Alonso C Guilarte M | 2012 | Psychoneuroendocrinology2012，37，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Assessment of colour and aroma in white wines vinifications: Effects of grape maturity and soil type显示文摘 | Gomez-Moguez M J Gomez-Moguez M Vicario I M | 2007 | Journal of Food Engineering2007，79，3： | 1 |
| 5 | The use of tmnperature-programmed and dvnamic/transient methods in catalysis:Characterization of ceria-based,model three-way catalysts显示文摘 | BOARO M VICARIO M LEITENBURG C D | 2003 | Catalysis Today2003，77，： | 1 |
| 6 | Instrumental measurement of orange juice colour: a review显示文摘 | MELENDEZ-MARTINEZ A J VICARIO I M HEREDIA F J | 2005 | J Sci Food Agile2005，85，6： | 1 |
| 7 | A cross-layer approach to transmit antenna selection显示文摘 | VICARIO J L LAGUNAS M A ANTON H C | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications2006，5，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Instrumental measurement of orange juice color显示文摘 | MELENDEZ-MARTINEZ A J VICARIO I M HEREDIA F J | 2005 | Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture2005，85，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Rapid assessment of vitamin A activity through objective color measurements for the quality control of orange juices with diverse carotenoid profiles显示文摘 | MELENDEZ-MARTINEZ A J VICARIO I M HEREDIA F J | 2007 | J Agric Food Chem2007，55，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Cellular andmolecular basis of intestinal barrier dysfunction in the irritablebowel syndrome显示文摘 | Martinez C Gonzalez-Castro A Vicario M | 2012 | Gut Liver2012，6，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Application of tristimulus colorimetry to estimate the carotenoids content in ultrafrozen orange juices显示文摘 | MELENDEZ-MARTINEZ A J VICARIO I M HEREDIA F J | 2003 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2003，51，25： | 1 |
| 12 | Carotenoids, color, and ascorbic acid content of a novel frozen-marketed orange juice显示文摘 | MELENDEZ-MARTINEZ A J VICARIO I M HEREDIA F J | 2007 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2007，55，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Analysis of carotenoids in orange juice显示文摘 | MELRNDEZ-MARTINEZ A J VICARIO I M HEREDIA F J | 2007 | Journal of Food Composition and Analysis2007，20，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Role of microRNA in IBS with in- creased gut permeability 显示文摘 | Vicario M Martinez C Santos J | 2010 | Gut2010，59，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Single-strand conformational polymorphism and sequence polymorphism of Mhc -DRB in Latxa and Karrantzar sheep: implications for Caprinae phylogeny显示文摘 | Jugo B M Vicario A | 2000 | Immunogenetics2000，51，11： | 1 |
| 16 | On the performance of deterministic beamformers: A trade-off between array gain and attenuation 显示文摘 | Mafiosas-Caballfi M Vicario J L Seco-Granados G | 2014 | Signal Processing2014，94，1： | 1 |
| 17 | The role of phosphorylation in synucleinopathies:Focus on parkinson's disease 显示文摘 | CAVALLARIN N VICARIO M NEGRO A | 2010 | CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets2010，9，： | 1 |
| 18 | Clinical improvement inIBS after disodium cromoglycate involves mast cell-mediatedtoll-like receptor signaling downregulation 显示文摘 | Lobo B Vicario M Martinez C | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，140，51： | 1 |
| 19 | Dietary unsaturated long-chain fatty acids modify D-glucose absorption in weaning rats显示文摘 | Vicario M Pedragosa E Rivero M | 2005 | Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition2005，40，： | 1 |
| 20 | Correlation of mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure, left atrial dimention, and PTF-V1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Orlando J Del Vicario M Aronow WS | 1977 | Circulation1977，55，5： | 1 |
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