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| 1 | Relationship between T-lymphocyte cytokine levels and sero-response to hepatitis B vaccines显示文摘AIM: To investigate the cellular defects by analyzing the (Th1/Th2) cytokine levels in vaccine responders and non-responders. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from responders and non-responders were stimulated with or with out recombinant HBsAg or PHA. Broad spectrum of cytokines viz (Th1) IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-12 and (Th2) IL-10, IL-4 were measured after in vitro stimulation with recombinant HBsAg and were compared with respective antibody titers. RESULTS: A significant decrease (P = 0.001) in Th1 and Th2 cytokines namely, IL-2, INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-10in non-responders was observed. The level of IL-4 was not significant between the three groups. Furthermore, despite a strong Th1 and Th2 cytokine response, the level of IL-12 was elevated in high-responders compared to other groups (P = 0.001) and demonstrated a positive correlation with anti-HBs titers and Th1 cytokine response. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that unrespon-siveness to recombinant hepatitis B vaccines (rHB) is multifactorial, including specific failure of antigen presentation or the lack of both T helper Th1 and Th2 response. | Vijayakumar Velu Shanmugam Saravanan Subhadra Nandakumar Esaki Muthu Shankar Appasamy Vengatesan Suresh Sakharam Jadhav Prasad Suryakant Kulkarni Sadras Panchatcharam Thyagarajan | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，22： | 22 |
| 2 | Challenges in animal modelling of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Utilization of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) for the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is of translational interest.Safety of MSC therapy has been well demonstrated in early phase clinical trials but efficacy in randomized clinical trials needs to be demonstrated.Understanding MSC mechanisms of action to reduce gut injury and inflammation is necessary to improve current ongoing and future clinical trials.However, two major hurdles impede the direct translation of data derived from animal experiments to the clinical situation:(1) limitations of the currently available animal models of colitis that reflect human inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).The etiology and progression of human IBD are multifactorial and hence a challenge to mimic in animal models; and(2) Species specific differences in the functionality of MSCs derived from mice versus humans.MSCs derived from mice and humans are not identical in their mechanisms of action in suppressing inflammation.Thus, preclinical animal studies with murine derived MSCs cannot be considered as an exact replica of human MSC based clinical trials.In the present review, we discuss the therapeutic properties of MSCs in preclinical and clinical studies of IBD.We also discuss the challenges and approaches of using appropriate animal models of colitis, not only to study putative MSC therapeutic efficacy and their mechanisms of action, but also the suitability of translating findings derived from such studies to the clinic. | Raghavan Chinnadurai Spencer Ng Vijayakumar Velu Jacques Galipeau | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，16： | 6 |
| 3 | Coinfection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in HIV-infectedpatients in south India显示文摘AIM: To screen for the co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in southern India. METHODS: Five hundred consecutive HIV infected patients were screened for Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg and HBV-DNA) and Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV and HCV-RNA) using commercially available ELISA kits; HBsAg, HBeAg/ anti-HBe (Biorad laboratories, USA) and anti-HCV (Murex Diagnostics, UK). The HBV-DNA PCR was performed to detect the surface antigen region (pre S-S). HCV-RNA was detected by RT-PCR for the detection of the constant 5' putative non-coding region of HCV. RESULTS: HBV co-infection was detected in 45/500 (9%) patients and HCV co-infection in 11/500 (2.2%) subjects. Among the 45 co-infected patients only 40 patients could be studied, where the detection rates of HBe was 55% (22/40), antiHBe was 45% (18/40) and HBV-DNA was 56% (23/40). Among 11 HCV co-infected subjects, 6 (54.5%) were anti-HCV and HCV RNA positive, while 3 (27.2%) were positive for anti-HCV alone and 2 (18%) were positive for HCV RNA alone. CONCLUSION: Since the principal routes for HIV transmission are similar to that followed by the hepatotropic viruses, as a consequence, infections with HBV and HCV are expected in HIV infected patients. Therefore, it would be advisable to screen for these viruses in all the HIV infected individuals and their sexual partners at the earliest. | Shanmugam Saravanan Vijayakumar Velu Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy Subhadra Nandakumar Kailapuri Gangatharan Murugavel Pachamuthu Balakrishnan Solomon Suniti Sadras Panchatcharam Thyagarajan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，37： | 6 |
| 4 | Comparison of three different recombinant hepatitis B vaccines:GeneVac-B,Engerix B and Shanvac B in high risk infants born to HBsAg positive mothers in India显示文摘AIM: To evaluate a low cost Indian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine GeneVac-B for its immunogenicity and safety in comparison to Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine in high risk newborn infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers. METHODS: A total of 158 infants were enrolled in the study. Fifty eight infants were enrolled in the GeneVac-B group while 50 each were included for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups. A three-dose regimen of vaccination; at birth (within 24 h of birth), 1st mo and 6 mo. were adopted with 10 μg dosage administered uniformly in all the three groups. Clinical and immunological parameters were assessed for safety and immunogenicity of the vaccines, in all the enrolled infants. RESULTS: Successful follow up until seven months of age was achieved in 83/ (48/58) for GeneVac-B, 76/ (38/50) and 64/ (32/50) for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups respectively. 100/ seroconversion and seroprotection was achieved in all the three groups of infants. The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs one month after the completion of three dose of vaccination were 90.5, 80.9 and 72.5 mIU/mL in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine group respectively. Furthermore the level of anti-HBs increases with age ofbabies who were born to HBsAg positive mothers. The GMT values of anti-HBs were 226.7, 193.9 and 173.6 mIU/mL respectively in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B groups one year after the completion of the three doses of vaccine. No systemic reactions were reported in infants during the entire vaccination process of GeneVac-B and the other two vaccines. Clinical safety parameters remained within the normal limits throughout the study period.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that there is no significant difference between the three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. Administration of these vaccines within 24 h of birth to babies, born to HBsAg positive mothers will reduce the incidence of HBV infection. | Vijayakumar Velu Subhadra Nandakumar Saravanan Shanmugam Suresh Sakharam Jadhav Prasad Suryakant Kulkarni Sadras Panchatcharam Thyagarajan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，22： | 4 |
| 5 | Mechanistic insights on immunosenescence and chronic immune activation in HIV-tuberculosis co-infection显示文摘Immunosenescence is marked by accelerated degradation of host immune responses leading to the onset of opportunistic infections, where senescent T cells show remarkably higher ontogenic defects as compared to healthy T cells. The mechanistic association between T-cell immunosenescence and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) disease progression, and functional T-cell responses in HIV-tuberculosis(HIV-TB) co-infection remains to be elaborately discussed. Here, we discussed the association of immunosenescence and chronic immune activation in HIV-TB co-infection and reviewed the role played by mediators of immune deterioration in HIV-TB coinfection necessitating the importance of designing therapeutic strategies against HIV disease progression and pathogenesis. | Esaki M Shankar Vijayakumar Velu Adeeba Kamarulzaman Marie Larsson | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，1： | 1 |
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