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| 1 | 中国少数民族双语教育的挑战与阻碍显示文摘双语教育是中国政府制定的面向少数民族学生,旨在同时促进普通话教学和少数民族语言教学的战略。这一政策具有双重目标。首先,通过双语教育,少数民族学生能够保护他们的文化遗产和增强民族身份认同。其次,双语教育能够帮助少数民族学生学习掌握普通话,使他们能够在日益汉族化和全球化的社会中更平等地与广大汉族学生竞争。从政策以及语言选择的社会影响这两个角度出发,笔者认为少数民族学生的双语教育在校内校外两个层面都面临着诸多挑战,其中包括政府推广普通话作为国家通用语言,政府和社会对英语教育的强调和重视,以及少数民族语言的社会边缘化。 | 叶会元 W.James Jacob 熊卫雁 陈巴特尔(校译) | 2017 | 民族高等教育研究2017，0，1： | 3 |
| 2 | 第16章 温带气旋:气象学100年来的研究核心显示文摘1919年在气象学上是重要的一年,不仅因为美国气象学会成立于这一年,同时还有其他两个原因。其中之一是J.皮叶克尼斯关于温带气旋结构的论文于1919年发表,建立了著名的挪威气旋模型。也是在那一年,一系列会议的举办促进了温带气旋研究所需的国际合作和科学交流组织的形成,这必然包括跨越国界的空间尺度。本章主要描述针对温带气旋的形成、演变和动力过程,它们构成的锋,以及伴随而来的急流和风暴路径进行科学探究的历史。我们将这些现象统称为气象学的核心,因为在此期间,其在促进气象学研究方面发挥着核心作用。这个成果丰硕的世纪使得温带气旋研究成为可能,是因为1)解决不良预报的实际挑战具有巨大的社会经济影响,2)理论、观测和诊断(包括动力模式)的结合提供了改进的物理解释和概念模型,以及3)强有力的国际合作。气旋的概念框架产生于对气旋分类和理解的渴望;它们包括挪威气旋模型和Shapiro-Keyser气旋模型。理解气旋动力学的挑战引申出诸如准地转、斜压不稳定、半地转和锋生等理论框架。预测爆发性温带气旋的挑战尤其带来了新的理论发展,如位势涡度(PV)理论和上游效应。对可预报性的局限性的更深层次的认识源于混沌决定论的演变。最后,观测的洞察力成就了详细的气旋和锋面结构、风暴路径及雨带分类。 | 大卫·舒尔茨 LANCE F.BOSART BRIAN A.COLLE HUW C.DAVIES CHRISTOPHER DEARDEN DANIEL KEYSER OLIVIA MARTIUS PAUL J.ROEBBER W.JAMES STEENBURGH HANS VOLKERT ANDREW C.WINTERS 张萌(编译) 贾朋群(编译) | 2019 | 气象科技进展2019，9，S01： | 2 |
| 3 | PDGFRαreporter activity identifies periosteal progenitor cells critical for bone formation and fracture repair显示文摘The outer coverings of the skeleton,which is also known as the periosteum,are arranged in concentric layers and act as a reservoir for tissue-specific bone progenitors.The cellular heterogeneity within this tissue depot is being increasingly recognized.Here,inducible PDGFRαreporter animals were found to mark a population of cells within the periosteum that act as a stem cell reservoir for periosteal appositional bone formation and fracture repair.During these processes,PDGFRαreporter^(+)progenitors give rise to Nestin+periosteal cells before becoming osteoblasts and osteocytes.The diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of PDGFRαreporter^(+)cells led to deficits in cortical bone formation during homeostasis and a diminutive hard callus during fracture repair.After ossicle transplantation,both mouse PDGFRαreporter^(+)periosteal cells and human Pdgfrα+periosteal progenitors expand,ossify,and recruit marrow to a greater extent than their counterpart periosteal cells,whereas PDGFRαreporter^(−)periosteal cells exhibit a predisposition to chondrogenesis in vitro.Total RNA sequencing identified enrichment of the secreted factors Fermt3 and Ptpn6 within PDGFRαreporter^(+)periosteal cells,which partly underlie the osteoblastogenic features of this cell population. | Jiajia Xu Yiyun Wang Zhu Li Ye Tian Zhao Li Amy Lu Ching-Yun Hsu Stefano Negri Cammy Tang Robert J.Tower Carol Morris Aaron W.James | 2022 | Bone Research2022，10，1： | 2 |
| 4 | 乳清产品的营养特性显示文摘乳清含有多种营养素,可增强体质,预防疾病。经过深入的研究表明,应用乳清产品制作功能性食品和药品完全具有可行性,从而能减少传染性和慢性疾病的发生。 | Carla Sorensen Joseph O'Donnell Rosemary L.Walzem Belate B.Lloyd Richard B.Kreider J.Bruce German W.James Harper | 2009 | 中国食品工业2009，，4： | 1 |
| 5 | 肠道葡萄糖吸收的调节作用显示文摘 | W.James Croom Jr 张源淑 顾有方 | 2001 | 国外畜牧科技2001，28，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Origins of Cell Polarity显示文摘 | David G Drubin W.James Nelson | 1996 | Cell1996，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Using diclosulam in a weed control program for peanut in South Texas显示文摘 | W.James Grichar Brent A. Besler Kevin D. Brewer Vernon B. Langston | 2004 | Crop Protection2004，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Prospects for detecting ultra-high-energy particles with FAST显示文摘The origin of the highest-energy particles in nature, ultra-high-energy(UHE) cosmic rays, is still unknown. In order to resolve this mystery, very large detectors are required to probe the low flux of these particles — or to detect the as-yet unobserved flux of UHE neutrinos predicted from their interactions. The‘lunar Askaryan technique' is a method to do both. When energetic particles interact in a dense medium,the Askaryan effect produces intense coherent pulses of radiation in the MHz–GHz range. By using radio telescopes to observe the Moon and look for nanosecond pulses, the entire visible lunar surface(20 million km^2) can be used as a UHE particle detector. A large effective area over a broad bandwidth is the primary telescope requirement for lunar observations, which makes large single-aperture instruments such as the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) well-suited to the technique. In this contribution, we describe the lunar Askaryan technique and its unique observational requirements. Estimates of the sensitivity of FAST to both the UHE cosmic ray and neutrino flux are given, and we describe the methods by which lunar observations with FAST, particularly if equipped with a broadband phased-array feed, could detect the flux of UHE cosmic rays. | Clancy W.James Justin D.Bray Ronald D.Ekers | 2019 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2019，19，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Comparison of skeletal and soft tissue pericytes identifies CXCR4+ bone forming mural cells in human tissues显示文摘Human osteogenic progenitors are not precisely defined,being primarily studied as heterogeneous multipotent cell populations and termed mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).Notably,select human pericytes can develop into bone-forming osteoblasts.Here,we sought to define the differentiation potential of CD146 f human pericytes from skeletal and soft tissue sources,with the underlying goal of defining cell surface markers that typify an osteoblastogenic pericyte.CD146+CD31~CD45_pericytes were derived by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from human periosteum,adipose,or dermal tissue.Periosteal CD146+CD31—CD45 cells retained canonical features of pericytes/MSC.Periosteal pericytes demonstrated a striking tendency to undergo osteoblastogenesis in vitro and skeletogenesis in vivo,while soft tissue pericytes did not readily.Transcriptome analysis revealed higher CXCR4 signaling among periosteal pericytes in comparison to their soft tissue counterparts,and CXCR4 chemical inhibition abrogated ectopic ossification by periosteal pericytes.Conversely,enrichment of CXCR4+pericytes or stromal cells identified an osteoblastic/non-adipocytic precursor cell.In sum,human skeletal and soft tissue pericytes differ in their basal abilities to form bone.Diversity exists in soft tissue pericytes,however,and CXCR4+pericytes represent an osteoblastogenic,non-adipocytic cell precursor.Indeed,enrichment for CXCR4-expressing stromal cells is a potential new tactic for skeletal tissue engineering. | Jiajia Xu Dongqing Li Ching-Yun Hsu Ye Tian Leititia Zhang Yiyun Wang Robert J.Tower Leslie Chang Carolyn A.Meyers Yongxing Gao Kristen Broderick Carol Morris Jody E.Hooper Sridhar Nimmagadda Bruno Peault Aaron W.James | 2020 | Bone Research2020，8，3： | 1 |
| 10 | 大尺度水文过程试验及其模型研究显示文摘陆地水文循环是地球系统的关键部分,它对气候变化、生物地理化学循环以及它们之间相互作用起着重要的作用。为了维持人类社会的发展,人们需要对陆地/大气间水交换进行更好的理解,而这种理解系由改善水资源的管理方式和更好地了解人类活动对淡水资源的影响所造成的局限性、地区性和全球性后果而取得的。全球水文研究已有若干个国际项目和计划在进行。本文将简要地回顾以往在大尺度水文观测及其模型的研究活动和进展,然后预测未来的研究动向,并阐明研究重点的变化情况:随着人们把更多的注意力集中到大尺度的观测和真正的多学科研究上来,研究课题正日益扩充。这方面的研究包括为了对一定范围自然和人工生态气候梯度的抽样所进行的观测,这种观测地理分布很广。 | W.James Shuttleworth 林耀明 | 1994 | 人类环境杂志1994，23，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Mobility measurement, transition matrices and statistical inference显示文摘 | John P. Formby W.James Smith Buhong Zheng | 2003 | Journal of Econometrics2003，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The Arabidopsis FLC protein interacts directly in vivo with SOC1 and FT chromatin and is part of a high‐molecular‐weight protein complex显示文摘 | Craig C.Wood MasumiRobertson W.James Peacock Elizabeth S.Dennis | 2006 | The Plant Journal2006，，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Neuron-to-vessel signaling is a required feature of aberrant stem cell commitment after soft tissue trauma显示文摘The functional interdependence of nerves and blood vessels is a well-established concept during tissue morphogenesis, yet the role of neurovascular coupling in proper and aberrant tissue repair is an emerging field of interest. Here, we sought to define the regulatory relationship of peripheral nerves on vasculature in a severe extremity trauma model in mice, which results in aberrant cell fate and heterotopic ossification(HO). First, a high spatial degree of neurovascular congruency was observed to exist within extremity injury associated heterotopic ossification. Vascular and perivascular cells demonstrate characteristic responses to injury,as assessed by single cell RNA sequencing. This vascular response to injury was blunted in neurectomized mice, including a decrease in endothelial proliferation and type H vessel formation, and a downregulation of key transcriptional networks associated with angiogenesis. Independent mechanisms to chemically or genetically inhibit axonal ingrowth led to similar deficits in HO site angiogenesis, a reduction in type H vessels, and heterotopic bone formation. Finally, a combination of single cell transcriptomic approaches within the dorsal root ganglia identified key neural-derived angiogenic paracrine factors that may mediate neuron-to-vascular signaling in HO. These data provide further understanding of nerve-to-vessel crosstalk in traumatized soft tissues, which may reflect a key determinant of mesenchymal progenitor cell fate after injury. | Qizhi Qin Mario Gomez-Salazar Masnsen Cherief Chase A.Pagani Seungyong Lee Charles Hwang Robert J.Tower Sharon Onggo Yuxiao Sun Abhinav Piplani Zhao Li Sowmya Ramesh Thomas L.Clemens Benjamin Levi Aaron W.James | 2022 | Bone Research2022，10，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Trends in Chinese Higher Education显示文摘This special issue of Frontiers of Education in China is comprised of six articles from ten authors and co-authors who document several new trends in Chinese higher education.Many of the contributors include an analysis of how government policy,globalization,and internationalization have helped shape these trends over time.Many of the trends identified constitute unique elements toward and against progress within the world’s largest higher education system.We encourage further research to better ascertain if these trends will continue in the near future,as China further positions itself as a leader on the global higher education stage. | W.James JACOB MA Wanhua | 2013 | Frontiers of Education in China2013，8，2： | 0 |
| 15 | Tppp3~+synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic bone after trauma显示文摘Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a pathological process resulting in aberrant bone formation and often involves synovial lined tissues.During this process,mesenchymal progenitor cells undergo endochondral ossification.Nonetheless,the specific cell phenotypes and mechanisms driving this process are not well understood,in part due to the high degree of heterogeneity of the progenitor cells involved.Here,using a combination of lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing(sc RNA-seq),we investigated the extent to which synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic bone formation.For this purpose,Tppp3(tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3)-inducible reporter mice were used in combination with either Scx(Scleraxis)or Pdgfra(platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha)reporter mice.Both tendon injury-and arthroplasty-induced mouse experimental HO models were utilized.Sc RNA-seq of tendon-associated traumatic HO suggested that Tppp3 is an early progenitor cell marker for either tendon or osteochondral cells.Upon HO induction,Tppp3 reporter^(+)cells expanded in number and partially contributed to cartilage and bone formation in either tendon-or joint-associated HO.In double reporter animals,both Pdgfra^(+)Tppp3^(+)and Pdgfra^(+)Tppp3^(-) progenitor cells gave rise to HO-associated cartilage.Finally,analysis of human samples showed a substantial population of TPPP3^(-) expressing cells overlapping with osteogenic markers in areas of heterotopic bone.Overall,these data demonstrate that synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells undergo aberrant osteochondral differentiation and contribute to HO after trauma. | Ji-Hye Yea Mario Gomez-Salazar Sharon Onggo Zhao Li Neelima Thottappillil Masnsen Cherief Stefano Negri Xin Xing Qizhi Qin Robert Joel Tower Chen-Ming Fan Benjamin Levi Aaron W.James | 2023 | Bone Research2023，11，3： | 0 |
| 16 | 月球阿波罗盆地区域月壳结构及光谱特征显示文摘位于月球南极–艾肯(South Pole-Aitken Basin,SPA)盆地内的前酒海纪阿波罗盆地跨越了SPA盆地的瞬时穴和盆缘。SPA盆地是已确认的月球上最大最古老的撞击盆地,因此阿波罗盆地对于认识月球的内部结构和成分、区域地质作用和演化历史具有不可替代的作用。阿波罗盆地区域月壳具有很强的不对称性,靠近SPA盆缘处厚而靠近SPA盆地中心处薄,其峰环内部拥有最薄的月壳厚度。阿波罗盆地区域具有不同的光谱吸收特征。在阿波罗盆地外,靠近SPA盆缘具有更多Mg辉石吸收特征的短波吸收,而靠近SPA中心区域具有更多高Ca辉石吸收特征的长波吸收。盆地内部不同地质单元的光谱吸收特征也有差异,月海为高Ca辉石的吸收特征,峰环为Mg辉石的短波长吸收。阿波罗盆地具有最薄的月壳厚度、高程差达8 km的地层剖面、位于月球背面SPA盆地内的月海、发育充分的中央峰环,其独特性使它成为最有价值的采样点。 | 郭弟均 刘建忠 HEAD W.James 李帅 POTTER W.K.Ross 林红磊 | 2018 | 深空探测学报2018，5，5： | 0 |
| 17 | The transformation of College English in China显示文摘将中国大学英语推上改革之路的因素有四个(方面):全球化、学生需求、大学扩招和中小学接轨的要求。改革所依据的理论框架涉及交际能力、以学习为中心和自主学习等。改革的内容包括:教学的性质和目标、课程要求、教学模式、教学评估和课程管理。大学英语的首要目标就是发展学生的综合交际能力,教学侧重点从阅读转向听说,尤其注重先进信息技术下的自主学习。改革体现了五大原则:以能力为中心原则、以学习为主原则、注重过程原则、重视文化输入原则和民主教育原则。 | RUAN Yihui W.James Jacob | 2009 | Frontiers of Education in China2009，4，3： | 0 |
| 18 | Minority Language Issues in Chinese Higher Education:Policy Reforms and Practice among the Korean and Mongol Ethnic Groups显示文摘The purpose of this study is to compare Korean and Mongol minorities in the People’s Republic of China in terms of their native language preservation and educational experiences at the higher education level,and to investigate differences and similarities between Korean and Mongol minorities’language issues.Content area experts on Chinese minority education from China,South Korea,and the United States were interviewed for this study.Findings include suggestions for helping to formulate government educational policies regarding issues related to language in Chinese minority education at the higher education level.This information is helpful to better understand and educate others in school and home settings where Chinese ethnic minority students reside.The advancement of Chinese minority education knowledge related to higher education will significantly strengthen and empower individuals,families,and communities throughout the People’s Republic of China. | Weiyan XIONG W.James JACOB Huiyuan YE | 2016 | Frontiers of Education in China2016，11，4： | 0 |
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