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| 1 | Current strategies for reproductive management of gilts and sows in North America显示文摘Many advances in genetic selection, nutrition, housing and disease control have been incorporated into modern pork production since the 1950 s resulting in highly prolific females and practices and technologies, which significantly increased efficiency of reproduction in the breeding herd. The objective of this manuscript is to review the literature and current industry practices employed for reproductive management. In particular the authors focus on assisted reproduction technologies and their application for enhanced productivity. Modern maternal line genotypes have lower appetites and exceptional lean growth potential compared to females of 20 yr ago. Thus,nutrient requirements and management techniques and technologies, which affect gilt development and sow longevity, require continuous updating. Failure to detect estrus accurately has the greatest impact on farrowing rate and litter size. Yet, even accurate estrus detection will not compensate for the variability in the interval between onset of estrus and actual time of ovulation. However, administration of Gn RH analogs in weaned sows and in gilts after withdrawal of altrenogest do overcome this variability and thereby synchronize ovulation, which makes fixed-time AI practical. Seasonal infertility, mediated by temperature and photoperiod, is a persistent problem. Training workers in the art of stockmanship is of increasing importance as consumers become more interested in humane animal care.Altrenogest, is used to synchronize the estrous cycle of gilts, to prolong gestation for 2–3 d to synchronize farrowing and to postpone post-weaning estrus. P.G. 600? is used for induction of estrus in pre-pubertal gilts and as a treatment to overcome seasonal anestrous. Sperm cell numbers/dose of semen is significantly less for post cervical AI than for cervical AI. Real-time ultrasonography is used to determine pregnancy during wk 3–5. PGF2αeffectively induces farrowing when administered within two d of normal gestation length. Ovulation synchronization, single fixed-time AI and induced parturition may lead to farrowing synchronization, which facilitates supervision and reduces stillbirths and piglet mortality. Attendance and assistance at farrowing is important especially to ensure adequate colostrum consumption by piglets immediately after birth. New performance terminologies are presented. | Robert R Kraeling Stephen K Webel | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，2： | 27 |
| 2 | Large-scale asymmetric synthesis of the 3,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromeno imidazole BYK 405879 : a promising candidate for the treatment of acid-related diseases显示文摘 | PALMER A M WEBEL M SCHEUFLER C | 2008 | Org Process Res Dev2008，12，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Two isoforms of the protein kinase p UL97 of human cytomegalovirus are differentially regulated in their nuclear translocation显示文摘 | Webel R Milbradt J Auerochs S | 2011 | Journal of General Virology2011，92，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Time course of increased plasma cytokines, cortisol, and urea nitrogen in pigs following intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide 显示文摘 | WEBEL D M FINCK B N BAKER D H | 1997 | Journal of Animal Science1997，75，： | 1 |
| 5 | Pharmacological zinc levels reduce the phosphorus-releasing efficacy of phytase in young pigs and chickens显示文摘 | Augspurger N R Spencer J D Webel D M | 2004 | Journal of Animal Science2004，82，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against activator protein-1 reduces neointimal proliferation after coronary angioplasty in hypereholesterolemie minipigs显示文摘 | Buchwald A B Wagner A H Webel C | 2002 | J Am Coil Cardiol2002，39，4： | 1 |
| 7 | A cross-sectional description of social capital in an international sample of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH)显示文摘 | Webel A Phillips J C Rose C D Holzemer W L Chen W T Tyer-Viola L | 2012 | BMC Public Health2012，12，： | 1 |
| 8 | Chaos in German stock returns New evidence from the 0-1 test显示文摘 | WEBEL K | 2012 | Econ Lett2012，115，： | 1 |
| 9 | Decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against activator protein-1 reduces neointimal proliferation after coronary angioplasty in hypercholesterolemic minipigs显示文摘 | Buchwald AB Wagner AH Webel C | 2002 | J Am Coll Cardiol2002，39，4： | 1 |
| 10 | n-3 PUFA attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 ex- pression in porcine adipose tissue but does not alter the expression of other immune modulators 显示文摘 | Gabler KN Spencer DJ Webel MD | 2008 | Nutr Biochem2008，19，1： | 1 |
| 11 | The effects of betaine sup- plementation on growth performance and careass characteristics in finishing pigs 显示文摘 | Webel DM Mckeith FK Easter RA | 1995 | J Anita Sci1995，73，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Fernandez digestible threonine requirement of broiler chickens during the period three to six and six to eight weeks posthatching显示文摘 | Douglas M Webel Sergio R | 1996 | Poultry Science1996，75，： | 1 |
| 13 | The effects of citric acid on phytate-phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pig显示文摘 | Boling S D Webel D M Mavromichalis I | 2000 | J Anim Sci2000，78，： | 1 |
| 14 | Pharmacological zinc levels reduce the phosphorus-releasing efficacy of phytase in young pigs and chickens显示文摘 | Augspurger N R Spencer J D Webel D M | 2004 | J Anim Sci2004，82，： | 1 |
| 15 | Time course of increased plasma cytokines, cortisol, and urea nitrogen in pigs following intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide显示文摘 | WEBEL D M FINCK B N BAKER D H | 1997 | J Animal Science1997，75，： | 1 |
| 16 | Fish oil supplementation & coronary artery disease: does it help? 显示文摘 | KAR S WEBEL R | 2012 | Mo Med2012，109，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Time course of increased plasma cytokines,cortisol,and urea nitrogen in pigs following intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide显示文摘 | WEBEL D M FINCK B N BAKER D H | 1997 | Journal of Animal Science1997，75，： | 1 |
| 18 | Limiting order of amino acids in a low-protein corn-soybean meal-whey-based diet for nurs- ery pigs显示文摘 | Mavromichalis I L Webel D M Emmert J L | 1998 | J Anim Sci1998，76，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Sulfur amino acid requirement and cystine replacement value of broiler chicks during the period three to six weeks post-hatching显示文摘 | Baker D H Fernandez S R Webel D M | 1996 | Poult Sci1996，75，： | 1 |
| 20 | Lipopotysaccharide-induced reductions in food intake do not decrease the efficiency of lysine and Threonine utilization for protein accretion in chic, kens 显示文摘 | Webel D M Johnson R W Baker D H | 1998 | J Nutr1998，128，10： | 1 |
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