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| 1 | Human enamel thickness and ENAM polymorphism显示文摘The tooth enamel development gene, enamelin(ENAM), showed evidence of positive selection during a genome-wide scan of human and primate DNA for signs of adaptive evolution. The current study examined the hypothesis that a single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) C14625T(rs7671281) in the ENAM gene identified in the genome-wide scan is associated with a change in enamel phenotype. African Americans were selected as the target population, as they have been reported to have a target SNP frequency of approximately 50%, whereas non-Africans are predicted to have a 96% SNP frequency. Digital radiographs and DNA samples from 244 teeth in 133 subjects were analysed, and enamel thickness was assessed in relation to SNP status,controlling for age, sex, tooth number and crown length. Crown length was found to increase with molar number, and females were found to have thicker enamel. Teeth with larger crowns also had thicker enamel, and older subjects had thinner enamel.Linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to investigate the relationship between enamel thickness of the mandibular molars and ENAM SNP status; enamel in subjects with the derived allele was significantly thinner(P = 0.040)when the results were controlled for sex, age, tooth number and crown length. The derived allele demonstrated a recessive effect on the phenotype. The data indicate that thinner dental enamel is associated with the derived ENAM genotype. This is the first direct evidence of a dental gene implicated in human adaptive evolution as having a phenotypic effect on an oral structure. | Diane M Daubert Joanna L Kelley Yuriy G Udod Carolina Habor Chris G Kleist Ilona K Furman Igor N Tikonov Willie J Swanson Frank A Roberts | 2016 | International Journal of Oral Science2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 2 | Determination of total mercury in biological samples using flow injection CVAAS following tissue solubilization in formic acid显示文摘 | Kan M Willie S N Scriver C | 2006 | Talanta2006，68，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Proapoptotic Bak is sequestered by Mcl-1 and Bcl-x L,but not Bcl-2,until displaced by BH3-only proteins显示文摘 | WILLIS S N CHEN L DEWSON G | 2005 | Genes&Development2005，19，11： | 1 |
| 4 | Initial results from a distributed, physically based model of glacier hydrology显示文摘 | ARNOLD N S RICHARDS K WILLIS I C | 1997 | Hydrological Processes1997，12，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Endogenous on cogenic K-ras (G12D) stimulates proliferation and widespread neoplastic and developmental defects 显示文摘 | Tuveson D A Shaw A T Willis N A | 2004 | Cancer Cell2004，5，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Excitatory amino acid receptor involvement in peripheral nociciptive transmission in rats 显示文摘 | LAWAND N B WILLIS W D WESTLUND K N | 1997 | Eur J Pharmacol1997，324，23： | 1 |
| 7 | Spectroscopic characterization of the surface of iron oxide nanocrystals显示文摘 | Willis A L Turro N J O'Brien S | 2005 | Chem Mater2005，17，24： | 1 |
| 8 | The diagnostic effect from axial loading of the lumbar spine during computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with degenerative dis- orders 显示文摘 | WILLI~N J DANIELSON B | 2001 | Spine2001，26，： | 1 |
| 9 | Effects of temperature and chemical formulation on the acute toxicity of pentachlorophenol to Simocephalus vetulus (Schoedler, 1858) (Crustacea:Cladocera)显示文摘 | Willis K J N Ling M A Chapman | 1995 | N Z J Mar Freshw Res1995，29，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Mortality and morbidity benefits of air pollution (SO2 and PM10 ) absorption attributable to woodland in Britain 显示文摘 | POWE N A WILLIS K G | 2004 | Journal of Environmental Management2004，70，： | 1 |
| 11 | Relative contributions of food and water in the accumulation of zinc by two species of marine fish 显示文摘 | Willis J N Sunda W G | 1984 | Mar Biol1984，80，： | 1 |
| 12 | Proapoptotic Bak is sequestered by Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL,but not Bcl-2,until displaced by BH3-only proteins显示文摘 | WILLIS S N CHEN Lin DEWSON G | | 0，，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Differential targeting of prosurvival bcl-2 proteins by their bh3-only ligands allows complementary apoptotic function 显示文摘 | Chen L Willis S N Wei A | 2005 | Molecular Cell2005，17，39： | 1 |
| 14 | Targeting angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment 显示文摘 | Samples J Willis M Klauber-DeMore N | 2013 | Surg Oncol Clin N Am2013，22，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Diagnostic and prognos- tic utility of PD-1 in B cell lymphomas 显示文摘 | Muenst S Hoeller S Willi N etal | 2010 | Dis Markers2010，29，： | 1 |
| 16 | IKKβ inhibition attenuates myocardial injury and dysfunction following acute ischemia reperfusion injury显示文摘 | MOSS N C STANSFIELD W E WILLIS M S | 2007 | Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2007，293，4： | 1 |
| 17 | In vitro synthesis of infectious Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus RNA from a cDNA clone: analysis of a viable deletion mutant显示文摘 | Davis N I Willis L W Smith J F | 1989 | Virology1989，171，： | 1 |
| 18 | Microbial carbonateprecipitation in construction materials:A review显示文摘 | Muynck W D Belie N D Willy | 2010 | Ecologi-cal Engineering2010，36，： | 1 |
| 19 | Ambient temperature formation of an alumina-titanium carbide-metal ceramic显示文摘 | Willis P E Welham N J Kerr A | 1998 | Journal of the European Ceramic Society1998，18，6： | 1 |
| 20 | A novel application of time-reversed acoustics: Salt-dome flank imaging using walkaway VSP surveys显示文摘 | Willis M E Lu R R Campman X Toks M N Zhang Y and de Hoop M V | 2006 | Geophysics2006，71，2： | 1 |
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