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| 1 | New contributions to the flora of Myanmar I显示文摘In this study, we describe several new taxa belonging to the flora of Myanmar. One new family, Polyosmaceae (Polyosma wallichii Benn.) is recorded. Over ten new genera are recorded for the first time, including Amentotaxus Pilger (Taxaceae), Hydrobryopsis Engler (Podostemaceae), Cyrtosia Blume and Biermannia King & Pantling (Orchidaceae), Eleutharrhena Forman and Haematocarpus Miers (Menispermaceae), Craigia W.W. Smith & W.E. Evans (Malvaceae), Amblyanthopsis Mez (Primulaceae), Huodendron Rehder and Rehderodendron Hu (Styracaceae), Platea Blume (Metteniusaceae), Achyrospermum Blume (Lamiaceae), Christisonia Gardner (Orobanchaceae). In addition, five new species are described and illustrated: Tupistra natmataungensis Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Biermannia burmanica Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang, Impatiens megacalyx Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Amblyanthopsis burmanica Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Platea kachinensis Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding. The distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status of these new species are also described. | Hong-Bo Ding Bin Yang Shi-Shun Zhou Mya Bhone Maw Kyaw Win Maung Yun-Hong Tan | 2019 | Plant Diversity2019，41，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Hepatitis C virus therapy with peg-interferon and ribavirin in Myanmar: A resource-constrained country显示文摘AIM To investigate peg-interferon(peg-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) therapy in Myanmar and to predict sustained virologic response(SVR).METHODS This single-center, open-label, study was conducted in Myanmar between 2009 and 2014. A total of 288 patients infected with HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 6 were treated with peg-IFN alpha-2a(180 μg/wk) or alpha-2b(50 to 100 μg as a weight-based dose) and RBV as a weight-based dose(15 mg/kg/d). Treatment duration was 48 wk for genotypes 1 and 6, 24 wk for genotype 2, and 24 or 48 wk for genotype 3 based on rapid virologic response(RVR). Those co-infected with hepatitis B received 48 wk of therapy.RESULTS Overall, SVR was achieved for 82% of patients and the therapy was well tolerated. All patients achieved SVR at equivalent rates regardless of HCV genotype(P = 0.314). Low fibrosis scores(P < 0.001), high baseline albumin levels(P = 0.028) and low baseline viral loads(P = 0.029) all independently predicted SVR. On the other hand, IL-28 B TT and CC genotypes were not found to significantly predict SVR(P = 0.634; P = 0.618). Among those who completed treatment, the occurrence of RVR showed a > 96% positive predictive value for achieving SVR. Treatment duration did not significantly impact the likelihood of achieving SVR for patients infected with genotype 3 HCV(P = 0.371). The most common adverse events were fatigue(71%) and poor appetite(60%). Among patients with genotype 3 HCV, more patients in the 48-wk treatment group required erythropoietin than in the 24-wk treatment group(61.1% vs 49.2%).CONCLUSION SVR rates were high with peg-IFN and RBV therapy in Myanmar. Fibrosis scores, baseline albumin, HCV RNA levels and RVR independently predicted SVR. | Naomi Khaing Than Hlaing Debolina Banerjee Robert Mitrani Soe Htet Arker Kyaw San Win Nyan Lin Tun Zaw Thant Khin Maung Win K Rajender Reddy | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，43： | 2 |
| 3 | Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Risk factors and effectiveness of antidiabetic agents in treatment of Alzheimer' s disease 显示文摘 | Aye Aye Myint Kyaw Soe Win Zaw Aung | 2013 | Science J Clin Med2013，2，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Rare influenza A(H3N2)variants with reduced sensitivity to antiviral drugs显示文摘 | Dapat C Suzuki Y Saito R Kyaw Y Myint Y Y Lin N Oo H N Oo K Y Win N Naito M Hasegawa G Dapat I C Zaraket H Baranovich T Nishikawa M Saito T Suzuki H | 2010 | Emerg Infect Dis2010，16，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Challenges in early phase of implementing the 1-3-7 surveillance and response approach in malaria elimination setting:A field study from Myanmar显示文摘Background:The National Plan for Malaria Elimination(NPME)in Myanmar(2016–2030)aims to eliminate indigenous Plasmodium falciparum malaria in six states/regions of low endemicity by 2020 and countrywide by 2030.To achieve this goal,in 2016 the National Malaria Control Program(NMCP)implemented the“1-3-7”surveillance and response strategy.This study aims to identify the barriers to successful implementation of the NPME which emerged during the early phase of the“1-3-7”approach deployment.Methods:A mixed-methods study was conducted with basic health staff(BHS)and Vector Born Disease Control Program(VBDC)staff between 2017 and 2018 in six townships of six states/regions targeted for sub-national elimination by 2020.A self-administered questionnaire,designed to assess the knowledge required to implement the“1-3-7”approach,was completed by 544 respondents.Bivariate analysis was performed for quantitative findings and thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative findings using Atals.ti software.Results:Although 83%of participants reported performing the key activities in the“1-3-7”surveillance and response approach,less than half could report performing those activities within 3 days and 7 days(40 and 43%,respectively).Low proportion of BHS correctly identified six categories of malaria cases and three types of foci(22 and 26%,respectively).In contrast,nearly 80%of respondents correctly named three types of case detection methods.Most cited challenges included‘low community knowledge on health’(43%),‘inadequate supplies’(22%),and‘transportation difficulty’(21%).Qualitative data identified poor knowledge of key surveillance activities,delays in reporting,and differences in reporting systems as the primary challenges.The dominant perceived barrier to success was inability to control the influx of migrant workers into target jurisdictions especially in hard-to-reach areas.Interviews with township medical officers and the NMCP team leaders further highlighted the necessity of refresher training for every step in the“1-3-7”surveillance and response approach.Conclusions:The performance of the“1-3-7”surveillance and response approach in Myanmar delivers promising results.However,numerous challenges are likely to slow down malaria elimination progress in accordance with the NPME.Multi-stakeholder engagement and health system readiness is critical for malaria elimination at the subnational level. | Poe Poe Aung Zaw Win Thein Zar Ni Min Hein Kyaw Thet Aung Nwe Oo Mon Nay Yi Yi Linn Aung Thi Khin Thet Wai Thae Maung Maung | 2020 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2020，9，1： | 1 |
| 6 | 慢性乙型肝炎患者出现原发性胆汁性肝硬化不易察觉的表现: 一例报告显示文摘We are describing an interesting case of two chronic liver diseases in a 48-year-old Chinese woman.While chronic hepatitis B is a common entity in Asia,the patient was later found to have active,asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis due to a persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase level after optimal hepatitis B virus DNA suppression on antiviral therapy.This report emphasizes the importance of keeping a high index of suspicion for another potential liver disease process even after a patient has been successfully treated for a primary liver condition.Clinical vigilance,especially in atypical clinical presentations,can result in early accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. | Asad Javaid Mugilan Poongkunran Felicia D.Allard Win Kyaw Htet Htet Maung Daryl Lau | 2017 | Gastroenterology Report2017，5，2： | 0 |
| 7 | 缅北科考一线故事显示文摘2017年4—5月,在中国科学院国际合作局及东南亚研究中心的支持下,本刊编辑先义杰与特约摄影师蔡石参加了第五次中缅联合科学考察,获得了大量一手资料及影像素材,会陆续在本专辑及后续出版物中呈现给读者。 | 李仁 Kyaw Win Maung 先义杰 蔡石 | 2018 | 人与生物圈2018，0，2： | 0 |
| 8 | Analyzing the Roles of Agricultural Extension Agents in Hybrid Rice Technology Decision-Making Process of Farmers显示文摘The study determined the roles of agricultural extension in hybrid rice technology decision-making process by extension agents,Nay Pyi Taw,Myanmar.The specific objectives were:to study personal characteristics of agricultural extension agents,experiences and their roles,to identify extension agents’opinion on hybrid rice technology decision-making process,and to determine relationship between the roles of agricultural extension agents and decision-making process of hybrid rice production.One hundred and eight extension agents were collected who were working in Department of Agriculture,Nay Pyi Taw area and surveyed and interviewed by questionnaires.The study revealed that majority of agricultural extension agents(65.7%)were female staffs and most of extension agents(40.7%)were under 30 years as young staffs.Majority of extension agents(81.5%)were educated only Agri-Diploma.More than half(54.6%)had one to five-year experiences in employment and 58.3%had no hybrid rice training experience and source of information regarding the hybrid rice production was received 63.9%from Department of Agriculture(DOA).Study found that there was highly significant relationship between most of the roles of agricultural extension agents and hybrid rice technology decision-making process of stages 4 and 5.And then most of the extension agents’roles singnificantly related with stage 2 except role of conducting introduction of hybrid seeds and distribution through by Seed Co.Ltds which was highly significant.Beside,most of the roles of extension agents significantly related with stage 3.However stages 1 and 6 were no singnificantly related.Finally above all,a well structure seed business,Good Agricultural Practices and farm level mechanization and quality extension service are very important to increase the adoption of hybrid rice in Myanmar. | Naing Kyi Win Kyaw Kyaw Win Cho Cho San Nyein Nyein Htwe | 2018 | Economics World2018，6，4： | 0 |
| 9 | Five newly recorded Cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) in Myanmar显示文摘Freshwater fish from the Putao and Myitkyina areas were collected in three ichthyofaunal surveys of the Mali Hka River and tributaries in and around Khakaborazi National Park and Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, Kachin State, from 2014–2016. Tor yingjiangensis Chen et Yang 2004, Tor qiaojiensis Wu et al. 1977, Garra qiaojiensis Wu et al. 1977, Garra bispinosa Zhang 2005, and Schizothorax oligolepis Huang 1985, originally described from the upper Irrawaddy(Ayeyarwaddy) River in China, are first reported herein as new records to Myanmar. Counts, measurements, descriptions, photographs, and distributions of the specimens of the five newly recorded species are provided. | Tao Qin Zhi-Ying Chen Lu-Lu Xu Paing Zaw Yunn Mi Mi Kyaw Kyaw Win Maung Xiao-Yong Chen | 2017 | Zoological Research2017，38，5： | 0 |
| 10 | International non-governmental organizations’provision of communitybased tuberculosis care for hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,2013-2014显示文摘Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be required.In Myanmar,however,there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they are.In this study,we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,and assess their contribution to TB case detection.Methods:We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program(NTP)in 2013-2014.For each INGO,we extracted information on its approach and key activities,the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing,and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment outcomes.The contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same townships.Results:All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts,targeting migrants,post-conflict areas,the urban poor,and other vulnerable populations.Two recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures,one via existing community leaderships,and one directly involved TB infected/affected individuals.Two INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing,and two provided financial and in-kind initiatives.All relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs,but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up.A total of 21995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis,with 7383(34%)new TB cases diagnosed and almost all(98%)successfully treated.The four INGOs contributed to the detection of,on average,36%(7383/20663)of the total new TB cases in their respective townships(range:15-52%).Conclusion:Community-based TB care supported by INGOs successfully achieved TB case detection in hard-toreach and vulnerable populations.This is vital to achieving the World Health Organization End TB Strategy targets.Strategies to ensure sustainability of the programs should be explored,including the need for longer-term commitment of INGOs. | Kyaw Thu Soe Saw Saw Johan van Griensven Shuisen Zhou Le Win Palanivel Chinnakali Safieh Shah Myo Myo Mon Si Thu Aung | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 0 |
| 11 | Researchers' Attitudes towards Varietal Development of Hybrid Rice: A Case Study in Myanmar显示文摘 | Naing Kyi Win Kyaw Kyaw Win Cho Cho San Nyein Nyein Htwe | 2018 | Journal of Life Sciences2018，12，2： | 0 |
| 12 | The effect of pharmaceutical care in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘Pharmaceutical care plays a crucial role in reducing mortality and morbidities of the patients.A hospital based quasiexperimental study was conducted with elderly patients with type 2 diabetes who attended at the diabetes clinic of No.(2)Military Hospital(500-Bedded)in Myanmar from April 2013 to February 2014.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pharmaceutical care in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.A total of 52 respondents enrolled in this study.The clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients before and eight months after intervention were assessed.Pharmaceutical care program was implemented as intervention.Of the total number of respondents,52 drug related problems were identified. | Win Myat Maw Mi Mi Saw Theingi Kyaw Khin Ohnmar Kyaing Zaw Min Latt KyawZaw Lin Aung PyaePhyo | 2016 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2016，11，1： | 0 |
| 13 | Participation of private general practitioners in disease management of malaria in Myanmar显示文摘Objective:Myanmar has been trying to improve the disease management of malaria through public health services. The involvement of private general practitioners(GPs) is recognized as one of the key contributory issues in malaria control,but no one has yet made an attempt to study the efficiency of their role.This study aimed to assess the participation of GPs in improvement of disease management.Methods:The study was conducted with all 32 GPs practicing at three randomly selected townships with high malaria load situated in Upper Myanmar from June 2006 to March 2007 using a pretest-posttest design to assess their knowledge of the disease management prior to and after intervention.The intervention package consisted of a one-day workshop on diagnosis and treatment of malaria and the supply of facilities for microscopy.Questionnaires filled in before and after tests were compared to assess the change of knowledge after the intervention.Diagnosis and treatment practice during the study period was analysed by review of registers kept by GPs,together with a follow-up survey of their patients for the reliability of data.Results:An overall improvement of knowledge was observed and significant changes were apparent for three variables:the criteria for referral of severe malaria,the effect of incomplete treatment and recommended treatment of Plasmodium vivax.Pre-test results showed that only 65.6%of GPs perceived microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test kits(RDTs) for confirmation of malaria necessary,while only 15.6%and 40.6%of the GPs knew the recommended treatments of falciparum and vivax malaria,respectively. However,after intervention 92%of the patients were diagnosed as malaria by RDTs and 3%by microscopy throughout the study.The GPs prescribed artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACTs) to 95%of confirmed falciparum cases and treated 82.4%of RDT confirmed falciparum negatives with chloroquine and primaquine.Concurrent with our study,an international NGO,Population Service International,supplied GPs with RDTs and ACTs at subsidized rate which was helpful.Conclusion:The study suggests that participation of GPs may help improve the disease management of malaria and thus assist in the country’s effort to control ma- laria. | Thein Tun Zaw Win Tun Hla Soe Tint Khin Lin Thar Tun Kyaw Moe Kyaw Myint | 2009 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2009，2，5： | 0 |
| 14 | Sorafenib suppresses hepatitis B virus gene expression viainhibiting JNK pathway显示文摘Aim:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major cause of chronic liver diseases.Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor and an approved anti-liver cancer drug.Here we demonstrated the antiviral effect of sorafenib on HBV gene expression.Methods:To investigate the effect of sorafenib on HBV gene expression,a luciferase assay was performed with×1.3 Cp-luciferase HBV construct and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(PCR),real-time PCR,and Western blotting analyses were performed using HepG2 cells derived from hepatocellular carcinoma and Chang liver cells derived from a normal liver tissue.Results:Sorafenib suppressed HBV gene expression via inhibiting the JNK pathway.In this process,the farnesoid X receptor(FXR),a transcription factor that has been reported to increase HBV replication and gene expression,was under control of the JNK pathway.Notably,JNK activation increased FXR protein levels,not mRNA levels.Conclusion:Sorafenib suppressed HBV gene expression via inhibiting the JNK pathway,which regulates FXR activity. | Hyun Kook Cho Ju Ran Kim So Young Kim Yi Yi Kyaw Aye Aye Win Jae Hun Cheong | 2015 | Hepatoma Research2015，1，1： | 0 |
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