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| 1 | Applicability of five models to simulate water infiltration into soil with added biochar显示文摘As a soil amendment, biochar can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and alter soil aggregates and thus affect the infiltration. Researchers have proposed and revised several theoretical models to describe the process of soil infiltration. Although these models have been successfully used to evaluate the soil infiltration in different scenarios in agricultural fields, little effort has been devoted to assess their performances in arid and semi-arid soils after the addition of biochar. A laboratory experiment was performed to study the infiltration characteristics of two typical Loess Plateau soils at three particle sizes(2–1, 1–0.25, and <0.25 mm) and five biochar application amounts(0, 10, 50, 100, and 150 g/kg). The performance of five models(i.e., the Philip model, Kostiakov model, Mezencev model, USDA-NRCS model, and Horton model) in simulating the infiltration process was then evaluated based on the adjusted coefficient of determination and a reduced Chi-Square test. Results indicated that the Horton model best simulated the water-infiltration process in an aeolian sandy soil with added biochar. However, the Mezencev model best simulated the infiltration process in a loamy clay soil(Eum-Orthic Anthrosol). The three-parameter model, i.e., Mezencev and Horton models can better describe the relationship between cumulative infiltration and infiltration time. In conclusion, biochar reduced the soil infiltration capacity of the aeolian sandy soil and increased that of the Eum-Orthic Anthrosol. | WANG Tongtong Catherine E STEWART MA Jiangbo ZHENG Jiyong ZHANG Xingchang | 2017 | Journal of Arid Land2017，9，5： | 9 |
| 2 | Spatio-temporal patterns of forest carbon dioxide exchange based on global eddy covariance measurements显示文摘Spatio-temporal patterns and driving mechanisms of forest carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange are the key issues on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycles, which are the basis for developing and validating ecosystem carbon cycle models, assessing and predicting the role of forests in global carbon balance. Eddy covariance (EC) technique, an important method for measuring energy and material exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, has made a great contribution to understanding CO2 exchanges in the biosphere during the past decade. Here, we synthesized published EC flux measurements at various forest sites in the global network of eddy flux tower sites (FLUXNET) and regional flux networks. Our objective was to explore spatio-temporal patterns and driving factors on forest carbon fluxes, i.e. net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross primary productivity (GPP) and total ecosystem respiration (TER). Globally, forest NEP exhibited a significant latitudinal pattern jointly controlled by GPP and TER. The NEP decreased in an order of warm temperate forest > cold temperate and tropical rain forests > boreal and subalpine forests. Mean annual temperature (MAT) made a greater contribution to forest carbon fluxes than sum of annual precipitation (SAP). As MAT increased, the GPP increased linearly, whereas the TER increased exponentially, resulting in the NEP decreasing beyond an MAT threshold of 20°C. The GPP, TER and NEP varied substantially when the SAP was less than 1500 mm, but tended to increase with increasing SAP. Temporal dynamics in forest carbon fluxes and determinants depended upon time scales. NEP showed a significant interannual variability mainly driven by climate fluctuations and different responses of the GPP and TER to environmental forcing. In a longer term, forest carbon fluxes had a significant age effect. The ecosystem was a net carbon source right after clearcutting, gradually switched to a net carbon sink when the relative stand age (i.e. ratio of actual stand age to the stand rotation age) approached 0.3, and maximized carbon sequestration capacity at premature or mature stand stages. This temporal pattern of NEP was correlated with stand leaf area index and associated GPP. This study highlights the significance of spatio-temporal dynamics in the CO2 exchange in forest carbon cycling studies. It is also suggested that in addition to forest biomes, interannual variations and stand age effects of forest carbon fluxes should be considered in the global carbon balance. | XingChang Wang ChuanKuan Wang GuiRui Yu | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，8： | 8 |
| 3 | Evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution in soils based on enzyme activities:A review显示文摘Soil enzyme activities have been suggested as suitable indicators for the evaluation of metal contamination because they are susceptible to microbial changes caused by heavy metal stress and are strictly related to soil nutrient cycles.However,there is a growing lack of recognition and summary of the historic advancements that use soil enzymology as the proposal of evaluation methods.Here,we review the most common methods of heavy metal pollution evaluation based on enzyme activities,which include single enzyme index,combined enzyme index,enzyme-based functional diversity index,microbiological stress index,and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models.This review critically examines the advantages and disadvantages of these methods based on their execution complexity,performance,and ecological implications and gets a glimpse of avenues to come to improved future evaluation systems.Indices based on a single enzyme are variable and have no consistent response to soil heavy metals,and the following three composite indices are characterized by the loss of many critical microbial processes,which thus not conducive to reflect the effects of heavy metals on soil ecosystems.Considering the dexterity of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry methods in reflecting changes in soil functions under heavy metal stress,we propose that microbial metabolic limitations quantified by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models could be promising indicators for enhancing the reality and acceptance of results and further improving the potential for actual utility in environmental decision-making. | Yongxing Cui Xia Wang Xiangxiang Wang Xingchang Zhang Linchuan Fang | 2021 | Soil Ecology Letters2021，3，3： | 3 |
| 4 | Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus under different land uses in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau, China显示文摘 | Yunqiang Wang Xingchang Zhang Chuanqin Huang | 2009 | Geoderma2009，，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Long-term impact of farming practices on soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools and microbial biomass and activity显示文摘 | Yi Wang Cong Tu Lei Cheng Chunyue Li Laura F. Gentry Greg D. Hoyt Xingchang Zhang Shuijin Hu | 2011 | Soil & Tillage Research2011，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Carbon concentration variability of 10 Chinese temperate tree spe- cies 显示文摘 | Zhang Quanzhi Wang Chuankuan Wang Xingchang | 2009 | Forest Ecology and Management2009，258，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus under different land uses in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau, China 显示文摘 | Wang Yunqiang Zhang Xingchang Huang Chuanqin | 2009 | Geoderma2009，150，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus under different land uses in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau, China显示文摘 | WANG Yunqiang ZHANG Xingchang HUANG Chuanqin | 2009 | Geoderma2009，150，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus under different land uses in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau, China显示文摘 | Wang Yunqiang Zhang Xingchang Huang Chuanqin | 2009 | Geoderma2009，150，： | 1 |
| 10 | Carbon concentration variability of 10 Chinese temperate tree species显示文摘 | Quanzhi Zhang Chuankuan Wang Xingchang Wang Xiankui Quan | 2009 | Forest Ecology and Management2009，，5： | 1 |
| 11 | 颜色和物候表明46种温带落叶木本植物衰老叶片的养分变异显示文摘不同共生植物的叶片养分含量差异显著,反映了不同的叶片养分利用策略。然而,衰老叶片养分的种间变异及其驱动因素尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨衰老叶片养分的种间变异及其驱动因素。我们在中国东北的帽儿山森林生态系统研究站测定了46种共存温带落叶木本植物新鲜落叶的碳、氮、磷浓度。采用随机森林模型量化10个生物因素(菌根类型、固氮类型、生长形态、耐阴性、叶片质地、变色程度、变色类型、叶片变色峰期、落叶峰期和落叶末期)的相对重要性。研究结果表明,落叶氮浓度种间变化为4倍,磷浓度变化达9倍。较高的氮和磷平均浓度(15.38和1.24 mg·g^(−1))表明该森林氮和磷限制较弱。功能群仅对特定养分及其比值有显著影响。磷浓度、氮磷比与外生菌根树种的落叶高峰日和落叶结束日呈负相关。颜色鲜艳的叶片(红色>棕色>黄色>黄绿色>绿色)倾向于比绿色叶片氮和磷浓度更低而碳氮比和碳磷比较高。随机森林模型表明,秋季叶变色和落叶物候贡献了80%的种间变异解释量。这些结果增加了我们对温带森林木本植物营养策略之衰老叶片养分变异性的理解。 | Xingchang Wang Qi Wang Yue Chen Rui Zhao Jiahui Zhang Xiankui Quan Fan Liu Chuankuan Wang | 2022 | Journal of Plant Ecology2022，15，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Filling the“vertical gap”between canopy tree species and understory shrub species:biomass allometric equations for subcanopy tree species显示文摘Subcanopy tree species are an important component of temperate secondary forests.However,their biomass equations are rarely reported,which forms a“vertical gap”between canopy tree species and understory shrub species.In this study,we destructively sampled six common subcanopy species(Syringa reticulate var.amurensis(Rupr.)Pringle,Padus racemosa(Lam.)Gilib.,Acer ginnala Maxim.,Malus baccata(Linn.)Borkh.,Rhamnus davurica Pall.,and Maackia amurensis Rupr.et Maxim.)to establish biomass equations in a temperate forest of Northeast China.The mixed-species and species-specifi c biomass allometric equations were well fi tted against diameter at breast height(DBH).Adding tree height(H)as the second predictor increased the R^(2)of the models compared with the DBH-only models by–1%to+3%.The R^(2)of DBH-only and DBH-H equations for the total biomass of mixed-species were 0.985 and 0.986,respectively.On average,the biomass allocation proportions for the six species were in the order of stem(45.5%)>branch(30.1%)>belowground(19.5%)>foliage(4.9%),with a mean root:shoot ratio of 0.24.Biomass allocation to each specifi c component diff ered among species,which aff ected the performance of the mixed-species model for particular biomass component.When estimating the biomass of subcanopy species using the equations for canopy species(e.g.,Betula platyphylla Suk.,Ulmus davidiana var.japonica(Rehd.)Nakai,and Acer mono Maxim.),the errors in individual biomass estimation increased with tree size(up to 68.8%at 30 cm DBH),and the errors in stand biomass estimation(up to 19.2%)increased with increasing percentage of basal area shared by subcanopy species.The errors caused by selecting such inappropriate models could be removed by multiplying adjustment factors,which were usually power functions of DBH for biomass components.These results provide methodological support for accurate biomass estimation in temperate China and useful guidelines for biomass estimation for subcanopy species in other regions,which can help to improve estimates of forest biomass and carbon stocks. | Xue Sun Xingchang Wang Chuankuan Wang Quanzhi Zhang Qingxi Guo | 2023 | Journal of Forestry Research2023，34，4： | 0 |
| 13 | Double crosslinked biomimetic composite hydrogels containing topographical cues and WAY-316606 induce neural tissue regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury显示文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)is an overwhelming and incurable disabling condition,for which increasing forms of multifunctional biomaterials are being tested,but with limited progression.The promising material should be able to fill SCI-induced cavities and direct the growth of new neurons,with effective drug loading to improve the local micro-organism environment and promote neural tissue regeneration.In this study,a double crosslinked biomimetic composite hydrogel comprised of acellularized spinal cord matrix(ASCM)and gelatin-acrylated-β-cyclodextrin-polyethene glycol diacrylate(designated G-CD-PEGDA)hydrogel,loaded with WAY-316606 to activate canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling,and reinforced by a bundle of three-dimensionally printed aligned polycaprolactone(PCL)microfibers,was constructed.The G-CD-PEGDA component endowed the composite hydrogel with a dynamic structure with a self-healing capability which enabled cell migration,while the ASCM component promoted neural cell affinity and proliferation.The diffusion of WAY-316606 could recruit endogenous neural stem cells and improve neuronal differentiation.The aligned PCL microfibers guided neurite elongation in the longitudinal direction.Animal behavior studies further showed that the composite hydrogel could significantly recover the motor function of rats after SCI.This study provides a proficient approach to produce a multifunctional system with desirable physiological,chemical,and topographical cues for treating patients with SCI. | Xingchang Zhao Xianzhe Lu Kai Li Shiqiang Song Zhaohui Luo Chuanchuan Zheng Chengliang Yang Xiumei Wang Liqiang Wang Yujin Tang Chong Wang Jia Liu | 2023 | Bioactive Materials2023，，6： | 0 |
| 14 | Can vegetation index track the interannual variation in gross primary production of temperate deciduous forests?显示文摘Background:Vegetation indices(VIs)by remote sensing are widely used as simple proxies of the gross primary production(GPP)of vegetation,but their performances in capturing the inter-annual variation(IAV)in GPP remain uncertain.Methods:We evaluated the performances of various VIs in tracking the IAV in GPP estimated by eddy covariance in a temperate deciduous forest of Northeast China.The VIs assessed included the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),the enhanced vegetation index(EVI),and the near-infrared reflectance of vegetation(NIRv)obtained from tower-radiometers(broadband)and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS),respectively.Results:We found that 25%–35%amplitude of the broadband EVI tracked the start of growing season derived by GPP(R^(2):0.56–0.60,bias<4 d),while 45%(or 50%)amplitudes of broadband(or MODIS)NDVI represented the end of growing season estimated by GPP(R^(2):0.58–0.67,bias<3 d).However,all the VIs failed to characterize the summer peaks of GPP.The growing-season integrals but not averaged values of the broadband NDVI,MODIS NIRv and EVI were robust surrogates of the IAV in GPP(R^(2):0.40–0.67).Conclusion:These findings illustrate that specific VIs are effective only to capture the GPP phenology but not the GPP peak,while the integral VIs have the potential to mirror the IAV in GPP. | Fan Liu Chuankuan Wang Xingchang Wang | 2021 | Ecological Processes2021，10，1： | 0 |
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