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| 1 | Three-dimensional solution structure of ω-conotoxin SO_(3) determined by ^(1)H NMR显示文摘Cone snails (Conus) elaborate a series of conotoxin (CTX) peptides in their venoms to paralyze their prey. Among these toxins, w-CTX抯 specifically target to presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channel subsets, causing inhibition of neurotransmitter release. w-CTX SO3 was isolated from the venom of Conus striatus, which is the only available fish-hunting snail near the coast of the South China Sea. The three-dimensional solution structure of w-CTX SO3, a peptide which is the only w-conotoxin reported to show high homology with another w-CTX (MVIIA from C. Magus), has been determined by 1H NMR techniques. The molecular structure of w-CTX SO3 is stabilized by three disulfide bridges and a short triple-stranded antiparallel b-sheet with four turns. A comprehensive comparison suggested that the backbone conformation of w-CTXs was quite conserved, while the length of b-sheet and the type of some turns might have minor differences. | YAN Yongbin TU Guangzhong LUO Xuechun DAI Qiuyun HUANG Peitang ZHANG Riqing | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，11： | 2 |
| 2 | Investigating the Changes in Air Pollutant Emissions over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in February from 2014 to 2019 through an Inverse Emission Method显示文摘In recent years,China has implemented several measures to improve air quality.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region is one area that has suffered from the most serious air pollution in China and has undergone huge changes in air quality in the past few years.How to scientifically assess these change processes remain the key issue in further improving the air quality over this region in the future.To evaluate the changes in major air pollutant emissions over this region,this paper employs ensemble Kalman filtering(EnKF)for integrating the national ground monitoring pollutant observation data and the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System(NAQPMS)simulation data to inversely estimate the emission rates of SO_(2),NOX,CO,and primary PM_(2.5)over BTH region in February from 2014 to 2019.The results show that SO_(2),NOX,CO,and primary PM_(2.5)emissions in the BTH region decreased in February from 2014 to 2019 by 83%,37%,41%,and 42%,while decreases in Beijing during this period were 86%,67%,59%,and 65%,respectively.Compared with the prior emission inventory,the inversion emission inventory reduces the uncertainty of multi-pollutant simulation in the BTH region,with simulated root mean square errors of the monthly average concentrations of SO_(2),NOX,PM_(2.5),and CO reduced by 41%,30%,31%,and 22%,respectively.The average uncertainties of SO_(2),NOX,PM_(2.5),and CO inversion emissions in2014-19 are±14.03%yr^(-1),±28.91%yr^(-1),±126.15%yr^(-1),and±43.58%yr^(-1).Compared with the uncertainty of MEIC emission,the uncertainties of all species changed by+2%yr^(-1),-2%yr^(-1),-26%yr^(-1),and-4%yr^(-1),respectively.The spatial distribution results illustrate that air pollutant emissions are mainly distributed over the eastern and southern BTH regions.The spatial gap between the inversion emissions and MEIC emissions was further closed in 2019 compared to 2014.The results of this paper can provide a new reference for assessing changes in air pollution emissions over the BTH region in recent years and validating a bottom-up emission inventory. | Xuechun LUO Xiao TANG Haoyue WANG Lei KONG Huangjian WU Weiguo WANG Yating SONG Hongyan LUO Yao WANG Jiang ZHU Zifa WANG | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Two-state kinetics characterized by image analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra显示文摘Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectros-copy has become an important tool in modern biological research. NMR spectra image analysis can be used to analyze the kinetics of biomacromolecular conformational changes. The relationship between the image parameters and the protein dynamics was investigated by using a small globular protein ω-conotoxin SO3 (ω-CTX SO3). The physical meanings of the image parameters were characterized from the results. Comparison of the data from the traditional integral area of specific resonance peaks method and the NMR image analysis method showed the advantages of using NMR spectra image analysis for kinetic analysis of two-state processes monitored by 1D proton NMR. | YAN Yongbin LUO Xuechun ZHOU Haimeng ZHANG Riqing | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，5： | 1 |
| 4 | The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013-18显示文摘China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in China.However,during network construction,the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored,which brings uncertainty to air quality assessments.This study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during 2013-18.The results indicate that the change in numbers of stations has different impacts on fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and ozone concentration assessments.The increasing number of sites makes the estimated national and regional PM_(2.5) concentration slightly lower by 0.6−2.2μg m^(−3) and 1.4−6.0μg m^(−3) respectively from 2013 to 2018.The main reason is that over time,the monitoring network expands from the urban centers to the suburban areas with low population densities and pollutant emissions.For ozone,the increasing number of stations affects the long-term trends of the estimated concentration,especially the national trends,which changed from a slight upward trend to a downward trend in 2014−15.Besides,the impact of the increasing number of sites on ozone assessment exhibits a seasonal difference at the 0.05 significance level in that the added sites make the estimated concentration higher in winter and lower in summer.These results suggest that the change in numbers of monitoring sites is an important uncertainty factor in national and regional air quality assessments,that needs to be considered in long-term concentration assessment,trend analysis,and trend driving force analysis. | Hongyan LUO Xiao TANG Huangjian WU Lei KONG Qian WU Kai CAO Yating SONG Xuechun LUO Yao WANG Jiang ZHU Zifa WANG | 2022 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2022，39，10： | 1 |
| 5 | Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status显示文摘In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan,which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry. | BLAIR David JU Li ZHAO ChunNong WEN LinQing CHU Qi FANG Qi CAI RongGen GAO JiangRui LIN XueChun LIU Dong WU Ling-An ZHU ZongHong REITZE David H. ARAI Koji ZHANG Fan FLAMINIO Raffaele ZHU XingJiang HOBBS George MANCHESTER Richard N. SHANNON Ryan M. BACCIGALUPI Carlo GAO Wei XU Peng BIAN Xing CAO ZhouJian CHANG ZiJing DONG Peng GONG XueFei HUANG ShuangLin JU Peng LUO ZiRen QIANG Li'E TANG WenLin WAN XiaoYun WANG Yue XU ShengNian ZANG YunLong ZHANG HaiPeng LAU Yun-Kau NI Wei-Tou | 2015 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2015，58，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Diversity and Selectivity of Flowervisiting Insects in Xipu Forest Park显示文摘[Objective]This study was conducted to understand the species and quantity of flowervisiting insects in Xipu Forest Park,supplement the data of local flowervisiting insects,and fill the research gap of flowervisiting insects in the Lesser Hinggan Mountain.[Method]The methods of route survey and sample plot survey were used to investigate the community of flowervisiting insects,and the method of net catching was used to collect flowervisiting insects and record relevant data.[Results]A total of 1526 flowervisiting insects belonging to 79 species,27 families and 9 orders were found.Among them,Lepidoptera was the most,accounting for 40.51%,while Odonata,Mantodea,Hemiptera and Thysanoptera are the least.The results showed that the insect diversity index and insect dominance index were higher in the flower cultivation area,the insect evenness index was highest in the lawn area,and the flowervisiting insects in arbor area and flower shrub area were more similar.Rosaceae had the most flowervisiting insects,followed by Compositae,Cruciferae and Leguminosae.[Significance]The study provides scientific basis and data support for the rational development and utilization,biodiversity protection and sustainable development of forest parks. | WANG Xuechun YANG Shuhan YIN Shi CUI Jiafeng LUO Zhiwen | 2021 | 生物灾害科学2021，44，1： | 0 |
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