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| 1 | Fluxes of CO_2, N_2O and CH_4 from a typical temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia and its daily variation显示文摘Using a dark enclosed chamber technique, the fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 from nature and disturbed grassland were measured on the spot in Inner Mongolian Temperate Grassland along the annual rainfall gradient section ranging from 450 to 200 mm. The results showed that the measured mean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4were (1 180.4 ±308.7), (0.010 ± 0.004) and (-0.039 ± 0.016) mg · m-2/h, respectively. The decrease of the fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 follows with that of annual rainfall gradient in the measurement area. Human activities, such as grazing and reclamation are also critical factors to affect the fluxes of these gases from grassland. Daily continuous measurement of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes showed a strong diurnal variation with higher emission in the daytime. A good relationship between the fluxes of CO2, N2O, CH4 and temperature was exposed in this study. | DONG Yunshe, ZHANG Shen, Ql Yuchun, CHEN Zuozhong & GENG Yuanbo1. Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China:2, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Correspondence should be addressed to Dong Yunshe | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，17： | 66 |
| 2 | Differential responses of short-term soil respiration dynamics to the experimental addition of nitrogen and water in the temperate semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘We examined the effects of simulated rainfall and increasing N supply of different levels on CO2 pulse emission from typical Inner Mongolian steppe soil using the static opaque chamber technique, respectively in a dry June and a rainy August. The treatments included NH4NO3 additions at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g N/(m2·year) with or without water. Immediately after the experimental simulated rainfall events, the CO2 effluxes in the watering plots without N addition(WCK) increased greatly and reached the maximum value at 2 hr. However, the efflux level reverted to the background level within 48 hr. The cumulative CO2 effluxes in the soil ranged from 5.60 to 6.49 g C/m2over 48 hr after a single water application, thus showing an increase of approximately 148.64% and 48.36% in the effluxes during both observation periods. By contrast, the addition of different N levels without water addition did not result in a significant change in soil respiration in the short term. Two-way ANOVA showed that the effects of the interaction between water and N addition were insignificant in short-term soil CO2 effluxes in the soil. The cumulative soil CO2fluxes of different treatments over 48 hr accounted for approximately 5.34% to 6.91% and 2.36% to 2.93% of annual C emission in both experimental periods. These results stress the need for improving the sampling frequency after rainfall in future studies to ensure more accurate evaluation of the grassland C emission contribution. | Yuchun Qi Xinchao Liu Yunshe Dong Qin Peng Yating He Liangjie Sun Junqiang Jia Congcong Cao | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，4： | 17 |
| 3 | Litter decomposition and C and N dynamics as affected by N additions in a semi-arid temperate steppe, Inner Mongolia of China显示文摘Litter decomposition is the fundamental process in nutrient cycling and soil carbon(C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. The global-wide increase in nitrogen(N) inputs is expected to alter litter decomposition and,ultimately, affect ecosystem C storage and nutrient status. Temperate grassland ecosystems in China are usually N-deficient and particularly sensitive to the changes in exogenous N additions. In this paper, we conducted a 1,200-day in situ experiment in a typical semi-arid temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia to investigate the litter decomposition as well as the dynamics of litter C and N concentrations under three N addition levels(low N with 50 kg N/(hm2?a)(LN), medium N with 100 kg N/(hm2?a)(MN), and high N with 200 kg N/(hm2?a)(HN)) and three N addition forms(ammonium-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2?a) as ammonium sulfate(AS), nitrate-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2?a) as sodium nitrate(SN), and mixed-N-based with 100 kg N/(hm2?a) as calcium ammonium nitrate(CAN)) compared to control with no N addition(CK). The results indicated that the litter mass remaining in all N treatments exhibited a similar decomposition pattern: fast decomposition within the initial 120 days, followed by a relatively slow decomposition in the remaining observation period(120–1,200 days). The decomposition pattern in each treatment was fitted well in two split-phase models, namely, a single exponential decay model in phase I(<398 days) and a linear decay function in phase II(≥398 days). The three N addition levels exerted insignificant effects on litter decomposition in the early stages(<398 days, phase I; P>0.05). However, MN and HN treatments inhibited litter mass loss after 398 and 746 days, respectively(P<0.05). AS and SN treatments exerted similar effects on litter mass remaining during the entire decomposition period(P>0.05). The effects of these two N addition forms differed greatly from those of CAN after 746 and 1,053 days, respectively(P<0.05). During the decomposition period, N concentrations in the decomposing litter increased whereas C concentrations decreased, which also led to an exponential decrease in litter C:N ratios in all treatments. No significant effects were induced by N addition levels and forms on litter C and N concentrations(P>0.05). Our results indicated that exogenous N additions could exhibit neutral or inhibitory effects on litter decomposition, and the inhibitory effects of N additions on litter decomposition in the final decay stages are not caused by the changes in the chemical qualities of the litter, such as endogenous N and C concentrations. These results will provide an important data basis for the simulation and prediction of C cycle processes in future N-deposition scenarios. | Qin PENG YuChun QI YunShe DONG YaTing HE ShengSheng XIAO XinChao LIU LiangJie SUN JunQiang JIA ShuFang GUO CongCong CAO | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，4： | 16 |
| 4 | Effects of a conversion from grassland to cropland on the different soil organic carbon fractions in Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘耕作是除放牧以外影响草地生态系统的最重要的人的活动之一,但是它土壤上的影响总计器官的碳(C) ,特别在有倾向的器官的 C 部分上还充分没被理解。在这份报纸,在土壤收割不同部分的器官的 C 水池的角色在中国,和在不同 C 部分之间的关系的内部蒙古在一个草地大草原区域被调查也被讨论。结果显示在大草原和栽培土地的不同 C 部分的集中都与土壤深度日益增多地减少了。在到为 36 年的春天小麦地的从大草原的变换以后,在 0~100 厘米土壤深度的全部的器官的碳( TOC )集中在12.3%~28.2%减少了,并且表面土壤地平线的 TOC ,特别那些更显著地 030 厘米减少了( p < 0.01 )。溶解的器官的碳(文档) 和在 040 厘米的深度的微生物引起的生物资源碳(MBC ) 被发现分别地在 66.7% ~ 77.1% 和 36.5% ~ 42.4% 减少了。在 S。baicalensis 大草原,春天小麦地里的到 TOC 的文档在 0.52% 和 0.60% 之间改变了的土壤的比率,和那些仅仅在 0.18%0.20% 的范围。在春天小麦的微生物引起的商(qMBs ) 回答,从 1.11% ~ 1.40% 变化,也是比在 S 的那些低的。baicalensis 大草原,它在 1.50%1.63% 的范围。文档的变化对耕作骚乱更敏感。土壤 TOC,文档,和 MBC 是显著地积极的在 S 与对方一起相关。baicalensis 大草原,但是在春天小麦地里,在文档之间的相互关系和在文档和 MBC 之间的 TOC 和那没到达 0.05 的意义水平。 | QI Yuchun DONG Yunshe PENG Qin XIAO Shengsheng HE Yating LIU Xinchao SUN Liangjie JIA Junqiang YANG Zhijie | 2012 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2012，22，2： | 13 |
| 5 | Spatial-temporal variation in soil respiration and its controlling factors in three steppes of Stipa L. in Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China. It is of great significance to measure accurately the soil respiration of different grassland types for the contribution evaluation of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem’s carbon emission to the atmospheric CO2 concentration. A three-year (2005-2007) field experiment was carried out on three steppes of Stipa L. in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China, using a static opaque chamber technique. The seasonal and interannual variations of soil respiration rates were analyzed, and the annual total soil respiration of the three steppes was estimated. The numerical models between soil respiration and water-heat factors were established respectively. Similar seasonal dynamic and high annual and interannual variations of soil respiration were found in all of the three steppes. In the growing season, the fluctuation of soil respiration was particularly evident. The coefficients of variation (CVs) for soil respiration in different growing seasons ranged from 54% to 93%, and the annual CVs were all above 115%. The interannual CV of soil respiration progressively decreased in the order of Stipa grandis (S. grandis) steppe > Stipa baicalensis (S. baicalensis) steppe > Stipa krylovii (S. krylovii) steppe. The annual total soil respiration for the S. baicalensis steppe was 223.62?299.24 gC m-2 a-1, 150.62-226.99 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. grandis steppe, and 111.31–131.55 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. krylovii steppe, which were consistent with the precipitation gradient. The variation in the best fitting temperature factor explained the 63.5%, 73.0%, and 73.2% change in soil respiration in the three steppes at an annual time scale, and the corresponding Q10 values were 2.16, 2.98, and 2.40, respectively. Moreover, the Q10 values that were calculated by soil temperature at different depths all expressed a 10 cm > 5 cm > surface in the three sampling sites. In the growing season, the soil respiration rates were related mostly to the surface soil moisture, and the 95.2%, 97.4%, and 93.2% variations in soil respiration in the three steppes were explained by the change in soil moisture at a depth of 0-10 cm, respectively. | QI YuChun DONG YunShe LIU LiXin LIU XingRen PENG Qin XIAO ShengSheng HE YaTing | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，5： | 12 |
| 6 | Daily variation characteristics of CO2 emission fluxes and contributions of environmental factors in semiarid grassland of Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘Fixed field experimental studies are carried out on daily variations of the undis- turbed community and soil respiration fluxes in different phenological phases of 2001―2002 in semiarid Aneurolepidium chinense steppe of Inner Mongolia, China using static black chamber method. Corresponding statistical analysis of the contributions of the water-heat factors (air temperature, ground temperature, surface soil water content) and ecological factors (above- ground biomass, underground biomass, litter biomass) to daily variation law of the undisturbed community and soil respiration fluxes as well as differences in daily respiration are also con- ducted. The results indicate that undisturbed community and soil respiration have apparent daily variation laws, daily variation patterns of respiration fluxes during different phenological phases are basically the same, and the variations of environmental factors only exert effect on CO2 emission intensities, while the effect on daily variation pattern of grassland CO2 emission fluxes is relatively small. The daily total respiration of the undisturbed community in different phenological phases ranges from 1.34―10.13 g·m?2; soil daily total respiration ranges from 0.98―5.17 g·m?2; both daily variations of undisturbed community and soil respiration fluxes are significantly corre- lated (p < 0.05) or extremely significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with air temperatures and ground surface temperatures, but the correlativity with the soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm depths is relatively weak; multiple regression analysis indicates that about 80% of the difference in daily respiration of the undisturbed community among different phenological phases is induced by the variation of the aboveground biomass, while the variations of the remaining factors can jointly explain around 20% of the daily respiration variations of the whole grassland ecosystem; about 83% of the soil daily respiration variation of the different phenological phases is caused by 0―20 cm underground biomass. Besides, surface soil water content is also an important environmental factor affecting soil daily respiration variations of the Aneurolepidium chinense steppe, but its partial correlation coefficient with soil daily respiration amount does not reach the significance level of 0.05. | QI Yuchun DONG Yunshe LIU Jiyuan GENG Yuanbo LI Mingfeng YANG Xiaohong LIU Lixin | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，7： | 11 |
| 7 | Influences of drip and flood irrigation on soil carbon dioxide emission and soil carbon sequestration of maize cropland in the North China Plain显示文摘The need is pressing to investigate soil CO_2(carbon dioxide) emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics under water-saving irrigation practices in agricultural systems for exploring the potentials of soil carbon sequestration. A field experiment was conducted to compare the influences of drip irrigation(DI) and flood irrigation(FI) on soil organic carbon dynamics and the spatial and temporal variations in CO_2 emissions during the summer maize growing season in the North China Plain using the static closed chamber method. The mean CO_2 efflux over the growing season was larger under DI than that under FI. The cumulative CO_2 emissions at the field scale were 1959.10 and 1759.12 g/m^2 under DI and FI, respectively. The cumulative CO_2 emission on plant rows(OR) was larger than that between plant rows(BR) under FI, and the cumulative CO2 emission on the irrigation pipes(OP) was larger than that between irrigation pipes(BP) under DI. The cumulative CO_2 emissions of OP, BP and bare area(BA) under DI were larger than those of OR, BR and BA under FI, respectively. Additionally, DI promoted root respiration more effectively than FI did. The average proportion of root respiration contributing to the soil CO_2 emissions of OP under DI was larger than that of OR under FI. A general conclusion drawn from this study is that soil CO_2 emission was significantly influenced by the soil water content, soil temperature and air temperature under both DI and FI. Larger concentrations of dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and total organic carbon(TOC) were observed under FI than those under DI. The observed high concentrations(DOC, MBC, and TOC) under FI might be resulted from the irrigation-associated soil saturation that in turn inhibited microbial activity and lowered decomposition rate of soil organic matter. However, DI increased the soil organic matter quality(the ratio of MBC to TOC) at the depth of 10–20 cm compared with FI. Our results suggest that the transformation from conventional FI to integrated DI can increase the CO2 emissions and DI needs to be combined with other management practices to reduce the CO_2 emissions from summer maize fields in the North China Plain. | GUO Shufang QI Yuchun PENG Qin DONG Yunshe HE Yunlong YAN Zhongqing WANG Liqin | 2017 | Journal of Arid Land2017，9，2： | 5 |
| 8 | Diurnal variation of ozone flux over corn field in Northwestern Shandong Plain of China显示文摘High concentration ground-level ozone(O3)has adverse effects on plant growth and photosynthesis.Compared to the O3concentration-based index,the O3flux-based(especially stomatal O3uptake)index has been considered the better criterion for assessing the impact of ozone on vegetation and ecosystems.This paper reports on a study of O3flux using the eddy covariance technique over a corn field in the Northwestern Shandong Plain of China.Diurnal variation of atmospheric O3concentration,deposition velocity and flux,and their relationships to environmental factors are analyzed.The results show that:(1)During the observation period(9 August–28 September,2011),there was a strong diurnal variation of O3concentration,with low(16.5 nL L?1)and high(60.1 nL L?1)O3mean concentrations observed around 6:30 and 16:00,respectively.Mean O3concentrations during daytime(6:00–18:00)and nighttime(18:00–6:00)were 39.8±23.1 and 20.7±14.1 nL L?1(mean±std),respectively.The maximum observed concentration was 97.5 nL L?1.The concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and air temperature.(2)Whether daytime or nighttime,ground-level O3flux is always downward.The diurnal course of mean deposition velocity was divided into 4 phases:a low and stable process during nighttime,fast increasing in early morning,relatively large and steady changes around noon,and quickly decreasing in later afternoon.Daytime and nighttime mean deposition velocities were 0.29 and 0.09 cm s?1,respectively.The maximum deposition velocity was 0.81 cm s?1.The magnitude of deposition velocity was influenced by the corn growth period,and its diurnal variation was significantly correlated with global radiation and relative humidity.(3)O3flux was affected by variations of both O3concentration and deposition velocity,with mean O3fluxes-317.7 and?70.2 ng m?2s?1during daytime and nighttime,respectively.There was strong correlation between O3flux and CO2flux or latent heat flux.By comparing the deposition velocities of daytime and nighttime,we infer that stomatal uptake was probably the main sink of ground-level O3. | ZHU ZhiLin SUN XiaoMin DONG YunShe ZHAO FengHua Franz X MEIXNER | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Effects and mechanism of freeze-thawing cycles on the soil N2O fluxes in the temperate semi-arid steppe显示文摘High nitrous oxide(N2O) emissions during freeze-thawing period(FTP) have been observed in many different ecosystems. However, the knowledge about the dynamic of soil N_2O emissions and its main driving mechanism during the freeze-thawing processes in grassland ecosystem is still limited. An in-situ experiment was conducted during the FTP on the sites with 0 and 15% surplus of the average rainfall and two levels of N addition(0,10 g N/(m^2·year)) during growing season(marked as W0N0, W15N0, W0N10, W15N10, respectively) to explore the effects of water and N background on soil N_2O emissions during FTPs and the relationship between soil N_2O emissions and environmental factors. The results indicated that water and N treatments conducted during growing season did not show significant effect on the N_2O effluxes of FTP, but the soil mineral N contents of W0N10 treatment were significantly higher than those of W0N0, W15N0, W15N10treatments(p < 0.05). The soil PLFA concentrations of microbial groups monitored during 2015 spring freeze-thawing period(2015S-FTP) were lower than those during winter freeze-thawing period of 2014(2014W-FTP), while cumulative soil N_2O emissions of 2015S-FTP were higher than those of 2014W-FTP. The correlations between soil N_2O effluxes and most of the measured environmental factors were insignificant, multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that the soil temperature, soil NH_4^+-N content and air temperature were the major environmental factors which significantly influenced the N_2O effluxes during 2014W-FTP, and air temperature and soil water content were the significant influencing factors during 2015S-FTP. | Liqin Wang Yuchun Qi Yunshe Dong qin Peng Shufang Guo Yunlong He Zhaolin Li | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，6： | 4 |
| 10 | Response of soil N_2O emissions to precipitation pulses under different nitrogen availabilities in a semiarid temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘Short-term nitrous oxide(N2O) pulse emissions caused by precipitation account for a considerable portion of the annual N2O emissions and are greatly influenced by soil nitrogen(N) dynamics. However, in Chinese semiarid temperate steppes, the response of N2O emissions to the coupling changes of precipitation and soil N availability is not yet fully understood. In this study, we conducted two 7-day field experiments in a semiarid temperate typical steppe of Inner Mongolia, China, to investigate the N2O emission pulses resulting from artificial precipitation events(approximately equivalent to 10.0 mm rainfall) under four N addition levels(0, 5, 10 and 20 g N/(m2·a)) using the static opaque chamber technique. The results show that the simulated rainfall during the dry period in 2010 caused greater short-term emission bursts than that during the relatively rainy observation period in 2011(P<0.05). No significant increase was observed for either the N2O peak effluxes or the weekly cumulative emissions(P>0.05) with single water addition. The peak values of N2O efflux increased with the increasing N input. Only the treatments with water and medium(WN10) or high N addition(WN20) significantly increased the cumulative N2O emissions(P<0.01) in both experimental periods. Under drought condition, the variations in soil N2O effluxes were positively correlated with the soil NH4-N concentrations in the three N input treatments(WN5, WN10, and WN20). Besides, the soil moisture and temperature also greatly influenced the N2O pulse emissions, particularly the N2O pulse under the relatively rainy soil condition or in the treatments without N addition(ZN and ZWN). The responses of the plant metabolism to the varying precipitation distribution and the length of drought period prior to rainfall could greatly affect the soil N dynamics and N2O emission pulses in semiarid grasslands. | XinChao LIU YuChun QI YunShe DONG Qin PENG YaTing HE LiangJie SUN JunQiang JIA CongCong CAO | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，4： | 3 |
| 11 | Historical evolution and the effects of ecological management in Tarim Basin, China显示文摘The Tarim Basin, in northwestern China, is the largest continental basin in the world, and hosts desert landscapes as well as extensive oasis agriculture. Many horticultural products come from this basin. However, since the 1950s, frequent river flow interruptions have occurred in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Thus, the natural ecology of the basin has undergone significant changes because of recent human economic and social activities. In particular, water resource development and utilization along with climate changes have had a significant impact on the area. To prevent further deterioration of the environment, the Central Government implemented a water conveyance project in 2000. Based on this project, Chinese scientists, together with those from overseas, have conducted extensive research on the historical evolution of the area, and the physiological and ecological responses of the natural vegetation around the Tarim Desert Highway. Progress has been made in the areas of environmental protection and ecological conservation. | ZHUANG Li DONG YunShe YIN FeiHu CHEN YaNing | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，36： | 2 |
| 12 | Effects of nitro- gen fertilization on soil microbial biomass and community func- tional diversity in temperate grassland in inner mongolia, China 显示文摘 | HE Yating QI Yuchun DONG Yunshe | 2013 | Clean-Soil Air Water2013，41，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Natural vegetation restoration is more beneficial to soil surface organic and inorganic carbon sequestration than tree plantation on the Loess Plateau of China显示文摘 | Zhao Jin Dong Yunshe Wang Yunqiang | 2014 | Science of the Total Environment2014，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Nitrous oxide emission from cultivated soil in north china plain显示文摘 | Dong Yunshe Scharffe D Qi YC | 2001 | Tellus2001，53，： | 1 |
| 15 | Effects of water and nitrogen addition on vegetation carbon pools in a semi-arid temperate steppe显示文摘Global change will lead to increases in regional precipitation and nitrogen(N) deposition in the semi-arid grasslands of northern China. We investigated the responses of vegetation carbon(C) pools to simulated precipitation and N deposition increases through field experiments in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. The treatments included NH_4NO_3 addition at concentrations of 0(CK), 5(LN, low nitrogen), 10(middle nitrogen, MN), and 20(HN,high nitrogen)(g m^(-2)a^(-1)) with and without water. After three consecutive years of treatment, from 2010 to 2012,water addition did not significantly change the size of the total vegetation C pools, but it significantly decreased the ratio of root:shoot(R:S)(P = 0.05) relative to controls. By contrast, N addition significantly increased the total vegetation C pools. The C pools in the LN, MN and HN treatments increased by 22, 39 and 44 %, respectively. MN produced the largest effect among the N concentrations,although differences between N-added treatments were not significant(P [ 0.05). N addition significantly reduced the ratio of root:shoot(R:S)(P = 0.03). However, there were no significant interactive effects of water and N addition on the vegetation C pools. | Junqiang Jia Yunshe Dong Yuchun Qi Qin Peng Xinchao Liu Liangjie Sun Shufang Guo Yunlong He Congcong Cao Zhongqing Yan | 2016 | Journal of Forestry Research2016，27，3： | 1 |
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