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| 1 | Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenchuan earthquake显示文摘 | Zhiqin Xu Shaocheng Ji Haibing Li Liwei Hou Xiaofang Fu Zhihui Cai | 2008 | Episodes2008，31，3： | 106 |
| 2 | Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000-2011显示文摘The Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR), which is the source area of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancang River, is of key importance to the ecological security of China. Because of climate changes and human activities, ecological degradation occurred in this region. Therefore, 'The nature reserve of Three-River Source Regions' was established, and 'The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve' was implemented by the Chinese government. This study, based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data, aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011, from three dimensions. Linear regression, Hurst index analysis, and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following:(1) In the past 12 years(2000–2011), the NDVI of the study area increased, with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a, of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend, while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend.(2) Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR, and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure.(3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 64.06% and 35.94%, respectively during the study period, and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south.(4) The reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change are significant. In the future, degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River, while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin.(5) The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag, while there is no such lag in the case of temperature.(6) The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project. | LIU Xianfeng ZHANG Jinshui ZHU Xiufang PAN Yaozhong LIU Yanxu ZHANG Donghai LIN Zhihui | 2014 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2014，24，2： | 47 |
| 3 | Constructal optimization for geometry of cavity by taking entransy dissipation minimization as objective显示文摘The entransy dissipation extremum principle provides new warranty and criterion for optimization of heat transfer.For two cases(body with heat generation and body heated externally)of a solid conducting wall with an open cavity,a dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance based on entransy dissipation definition was taken as the optimization objective to optimize the model constructal ge- ometry.Numerical results validated the necessity and feasibility of the presented method.Comparisons of the numerical results based on minimization of dimensionless maximum thermal resistance and minimization of dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance,respectively,showed that there was no obvious difference between the two results when the volume fractionΦoccupied by cavity was small, but the difference between the two results increased with the increases ofΦand the body aspect ratio H/L for any model.The optimal cavities for bodies heated externally were more slender than those for bodies with heat generation.Heat origin had obvious effect on the global performance of heat transfer. The entransy dissipation of body heated externally increased 2―3 times than that of body with heat generation,indicating that the global performance of heat transfer weakened.The method presented herein provides some guidelines for some relevant thermal design problems. | XIE ZhiHui CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，12： | 37 |
| 4 | Combined Applications of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers with Manure Increase Maize Yield and Nutrient Uptake via Stimulating Root Growth in a Long-Term Experiment显示文摘Imbalanced application of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertilizers can result in reduced crop yield,low nutrient use efficiency,and high loss of nutrients and soil nitrate nitrogen(NO_3^--N) accumulation decreases when N is applied with P and/or manure;however,the effect of applications of N with P and/or manure on root growth and distribution in the soil profile is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different N and P fertilizer application rates with or without manure on maize(Zea mays L.) yield,N uptake,root growth,apparent N surplus,Olsen-P concentration,and mineral N(N_(min)) accumulation in a fluvo-aquic calcareous soil from a long-term(28-year) experiment.The experiment comprised twelve combinations of chemical N and P fertilizers,either with or without chicken manure,as treatments in four replicates.The yield of maize grain was 82%higher,the N uptake 100%higher,and the N_(min) accumulation 39%lower in the treatments with combined N and P in comparison to N fertilizer only.The maize root length density in the 30-60 cm layer was three times greater in the treatments with N and P fertilizers than with N fertilizer only.Manure addition increased maize yield by 50%and N uptake by 43%,and reduced N_(min)(mostly NO_3^--N) accumulation in the soil by 46%.The long-term application of manure and P fertilizer resulted in significant increases in soil Olsen-P concentration when no N fertilizer was applied.Manure application reduced the apparent N surplus for all treatments.These results suggest that combined N and P fertilizer applications could enhance maize grain yield and nutrient uptake via stimulating root growth,leading to reduced accumulation of potentially leachable NO_3^--N in soil,and manure application was a practical way to improve degraded soils in China and the rest of the world. | WEN Zhihui SHEN Jianbo Martin BLACKWELL LI Haigang ZHAO Bingqiang YUAN Huimin | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，1： | 29 |
| 5 | Performance of a water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes)system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed显示文摘现在,大规模的家禽和家畜的集中的繁殖做了它的浪费和废水的处理一个迫切环境问题,它激发了 688 m2 的这块 study.A 沼泽地在一个鸡蛋鸭农场上被构造,并且水葫芦( Eichhornia crassipes )为沼泽地被选择为水生植物并且为鸭生产用作食物。这研究的目的是在在 ducks'feed 吸入,鸡蛋放表演和鸡蛋上净化充满营养素的废水和它的效果测试水葫芦的角色优秀的。这篇论文证明构造沼泽地像 64.44% 化学的氧需求(货到付款) 一样搬迁了, 21.78% 总氮(TN ) 和 23.02% 全部的磷(TP ) 。两个都溶解的氧() 并且废水的透明性显著地被改进,与它比未经治疗的废水的高 2.5 倍的透明性。在鸭用水葫芦被喂以后,分别地,在测试组的平均每日的 feed 吸入和生蛋的比率比在对照组更高是 5.86% 和 9.79% ;差别在 0.01 概率水平两个都是重要的。在测试组的鸡蛋重量比在对照组(P<0.05 ) 高是 2.36% ,但是饲料利用比率是几乎一样。蛋壳厚度和力量在显著地在用水葫芦喂的鸭增加的鸡蛋质量之中。我们断定一个水葫芦系统为在水葫芦生长期期间从一个集中的鸭农场净化废水是有效的,当收获水葫芦作为鸭 feed 有优秀表演。我们也讨论了实验的限制。 | LU Jianbo FU Zhihui YIN Zhaozheng | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，5： | 27 |
| 6 | Constructal optimization on T-shaped cavity based on entransy dissipation minimization显示文摘The entransy dissipation extremum principle provides new warranty and criterion for optimization of heat transfer. For a heat transfer model of a rectangular solid wall with an open T-shaped cavity, a dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance based on entransy dissipation is taken as optimization objective, and constructal optimization for the model is carried out when the system volume, the cavity volume and the volume of rectangle occupied by T-shaped cavity are fixed. Numerical results indicate that the optimal geometry construct of cavity can be schemed out based on entransy dissipation extremum principle. The formulation of dimensionless global (maximum) thermal resistance presented in a literature is modified; some new rules which are different from those reported in the literature are obtained based on the minimization of the modified objective. Comparisons of the numerical results show that the optimal system constructs deduced respectively from the two thermal resistance objectives are very different. The optimization by taking equivalent thermal resistance minimization as objective can more effectively reduce mean temperature difference of heat transfer than the optimization by taking maximum thermal resistance minimization as objective, so that the performance of heat transfer for the total system can be improved. The more freedom the cavity has, the better the total system performance is. The correlations of the equivalent thermal resistance and the maximum thermal resistance of the system and three geometric degrees of freedom are found by using function fitting. | XIE ZhiHui CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，23： | 28 |
| 7 | Comparative study on constructal optimizations of T-shaped fin based on entransy dissipation rate minimization and maximum thermal resistance minimization显示文摘The constructal optimizations of T-shaped fin with two-dimensional heat transfer model are carried out by finite element method and taking the minimization of equivalent thermal resistance based on entransy dissipation and the minimization of maximum thermal resistance as optimization objectives, respectively. The effects of the global parameter a (integrating the coefficient of convective heat transfer, the overall area occupied by fin and its thermal conductivity) and the volume fraction ? of fin on the minimums of equivalent thermal resistance and maximum thermal resistance as well as their corresponding optimal configurations are analyzed. The comparison of the results based on the above two optimization objectives is conducted. The results show that the optimal structures based on the two optimization objectives are obviously different from each other. Compared with the optimization result by taking the minimization of maximum thermal resistance as the objective, the optimization result by taking the equivalent thermal resistance minimization as the objective can reduce the average temperature difference in the fin obviously. The increases of a and ? can all improve the working status of local hot spot and the global heat transfer performance of the system. But the improvement effects of the increases of a and ? on the minimization of equivalent thermal resistance are different from those on the minimization of maximum thermal resistance. For either objective, the effect of a is different from that of ?. The T-shaped fin with minimum equivalent thermal resistance is much taller than that with minimum maximum thermal resistance; for either optimization objective, the stem of fin is thicker than the branches of fin, and the stem thickness is relatively close to branch thickness when the minimization of equivalent thermal resistance is taken as the optimization objective. The T-shaped fin with flat stem and slender branches can benefit the reduction of the maximum thermal resistance. | XIE ZhiHui CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，5： | 25 |
| 8 | Parishin C's prevention of Aβ_(1–42)-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation is related to NMDA receptors显示文摘The rhizome of Gastrodia elata(GE), a herb medicine, has been used for treatment of neuronal disorders in Eastern Asia for hundreds of years. Parishin C is a major ingredient of GE. In this study, the i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1–42oligomers model of LTP injury was used. We investigated the effects of parishin C on the improvement of LTP in soluble Aβ1–42oligomer–injected rats and the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms. Parishin C(i.p. or i.c.v.) significantly ameliorated LTP impairment induced by i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1–42oligomers. In cultured hippocampal neurons,soluble Aβ1–42oligomers significantly inhibited NMDAR currents while not affecting AMPAR currents and voltage-dependent currents. Pretreatment with parishin C protected NMDA receptor currents from the damage induced by Aβ. In summary, parishin C improved LTP deficits induced by soluble Aβ1–42oligomers. The protection by parishin C against Aβ-induced LTP damage might be related to NMDA receptors. | Zhihui Liu Weiping Wang Nan Feng Ling Wang Jiangong Shi Xiaoliang Wang | 2016 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2016，6，3： | 25 |
| 9 | Effects of the two-step ageing treatment on the microstructure and properties of 7B04 alloy pre-stretched thick plates显示文摘The effects of the two-step ageing parameters (temperature and time) on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of 7B04 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) pre-stretched thick plates were studied. The results reveal that the initial T1 ageing contributes a major increase of the tensile strength, and the 0.2% proof stress value reaches 482 MPa after ageing for 7 h at 115°C. Behavioral differences in the tensile properties of the alloy after the two-step ageing treatment were less with the first-step ageing at 115°C for different time periods (7, 14, and 21 h). The effects of the second ageing parameters on the properties and microstructure of the 7B04 alloy were remarkable. TEM analysis of the samples aged at Temper I (7 h at 115°C + 12 h at 160°C) and Temper II (7 h at 115°C + 16 h at 165°C) indicates that two kinds of phases, i.e. η′ and η phases, precipitate from the matrix and efficiently improve the tensile strength of the alloy, and the grain boundary precipitates are coarse and discrete. There are obvious precipitate free zones (PFZs) along the grain boundary in the microstructure of the alloy after the two-step ageing treatment. | LI Zhihui XIONG Baiqing ZHANG Yong 'an ZHU Baohong WANG Feng LIU Hongwei | 2007 | Rare Metals2007，26，3： | 24 |
| 10 | Constructal optimization of a vertical insulating wall based on a complex objective combining heat flow and strength显示文摘For a vertical insulating wall,a product function of heat flow and strength with power weight is introduced as the complex optimization objective to compromise between insulating performance and mechanical performance.Under the global constraints of fixed external dimensions and safety requirements,the constructal optimization of the wall is carried out by taking the complex function maximization as the objective.It is shown that the maximum of the complex-objective function and its corresponding optimal internal structure design under a certain environmental condition can be obtained by allowing the internal structure of the wall to vary(evolve)freely.The validity,effectivity and applicability of the complex function are proved by the results and the power weight parameter in the range from 0.4 to 4 can compromise between the requirements of insulating and strength simultaneously and preferably.The constructal optimization with coequal attention to heat flow and strength and the corresponding results are discussed in detail.The optimal structure design and the corresponding performance analyses under various environmental conditions of application are presented.When the change of environment is greater and the total Rayleigh number is bigger,the insulating wall with large number of cavities should be employed.When the total Rayleigh number is small,the better performance can be obtained by reasonably employing the insulating wall with small number of cavities.The complex function has better selfadaptability,and the results in the recent literature are special cases of this paper. | XIE ZhiHui,CHEN LinGen &SUN FengRui Postgraduate School,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 21 |
| 11 | Constructal optimization of twice Y-shaped assemblies of fins by taking maximum thermal resistance minimization as objective显示文摘In this paper,constructal optimization of the twice Y-shaped assemblies of fins with six freedom degrees (characteristic parameters of geometry) is performed by employing finite element method and taking dimensionless maximum thermal resistance as a performance index,and the heat transfer performance of the twice Y-shaped assemblies of fins under various conditions with different freedom degrees are analyzed. The results show that the twice assemblies can improve the heat transfer performance of Y-shaped fin remarkably,and the minimum maximum thermal resistance of the twice Y-shaped assemblies of fins decreases by 36.37% compared with that of once Y-shaped assembly of fins. It is also proved again that the larger the number of freedom degrees for evolving is,the more perfect the system performance is. The effects of different characteristic parameters of geometry on the performance of the twice Y-shaped assemblies of fins are different,one should pay different attention to these parameters in practical engineering designs. The effects of two angles on the maximum thermal resistance are larger,but the optima of the two angles are robust. The effects of two height ratios on the maximum thermal resistance are more remarkable than those of two thickness ratios. | XIE ZhiHui, CHEN LinGen & SUN FengRui Postgraduate School, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，10： | 21 |
| 12 | Study on vegetation ecological water requirement in Ejina Oasis显示文摘The Ecological Water Requirement (EWR) of desert oasis is the amount of water required to maintain a normal growth of vegetation in the special ecosystems. In this study EWR of the Ejina desert oasis is estimated through the relational equation between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), productivity and transpiration coefficient, which was established by a combination of the RS, GIS, GPS techniques with the field measurements of productivity. The results show that about 1.53×108 m3 water would be needed to maintain the present state of the Ejina Oasis, and the ecological water requirement would amount to 3.49×108 m3 if the existing vegetation was restored to the highest productivity level at present. Considering the domestic water requirement, river delivery loss, oasis vegetation water con-sumption, farmland water demand, precipitation recharge, etc., the draw-off discharge of the Heihe River (at Longxin Mount) should be 1.93×108―2.23 ×108 m3 to maintain the present state of the Ejina Oasis, and 4.28×108―5.17×108 m3 to make the existing vegetation be restored to the highest productiv-ity level at present. | ZHAO WenZhi CHANG XueLi HE ZhiBin ZHANG ZhiHui | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，1： | 20 |
| 13 | The China Alzheimer Report 2022显示文摘China’s population has rapidly aged over the recent decades of social and economic development as neurodegenerative disorders have proliferated,especially Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and related dementias(ADRD).AD’s incidence rate,morbidity,and mortality have steadily increased to make it presently the fifth leading cause of death among urban and rural residents in China and magnify the resulting financial burdens on individuals,families and society.The‘Healthy China Action’plan of 2019-2030 promotes the transition from disease treatment to health maintenance for this expanding population with ADRD.This report describes related epidemiological trends,evaluates the economic burden of the disease,outlines current clinical diagnosis and treatment status and delineates existing available public health resources.More specifically,it examines the public health impact of ADRD,including prevalence,mortality,costs,usage of care,and the overall effect on caregivers and society.In addition,this special report presents technical guidance and supports for the prevention and treatment of AD,provides expertise to guide relevant governmental healthcare policy development and suggests an information platform for international exchange and cooperation. | Rujing Ren Jinlei Qi Shaohui Lin Xinya Liu Peng Yin Zhihui Wang Ran Tang Jintao Wang Qiang Huang Jianping Li Xinyi Xie Yongbo Hu Shishuang Cui Yuan Zhu Xiaoping Yu Pengfei Wang Yikang Zhu Yiran Wang Yanyan Huang Yisong Hu Ying Wang Chunbo Li Maigeng Zhou Gang Wang | 2022 | General Psychiatry2022，35，1： | 20 |
| 14 | Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe_2 O_3显示文摘Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg 0 by nano-Fe 2 O 3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the effects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg 0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe 2 O 3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe 2 O 3 . Among the factors that affect Hg 0 oxidation by nano-Fe 2 O 3 , bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower efficiency of Hg 0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg 0 oxidation efficiency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N 2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed different effects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation. | Fanhai Kong Jianrong Qiu Hao Liu Ran Zhao Zhihui Ai | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，4： | 19 |
| 15 | Effect of cypermethrin insecticide on the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere显示文摘Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most widely used vegetable in the world,and different pesticides have been extensively used for controlling the insects and disease pathogens of this plant.However,little is known about how the pesticides affect the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere.This study was the first attempt to assess the impact of pyrethroid insecticide cyperemethrin on the microbial communities of cucumber phyllosphere using biochemical and genetic approaches.Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) assay indicated that cyperemethrin insecticide treatment led to a significant increase in both total and bacterial biomass and a decrease in fungal biomass and the ratio of Gram-positive (GP) bacteria to Gram-negative (GN) bacteria within the cucumber phyllosphere.Principal-component analyses (PCA) suggested that the number of unsaturated and cyclopropane PLFAs (16:1ω9t,18:1ω7,cy17:0,cy19:0) increased with the insecticide treatment,whereas the saturated PLFA i16:0,i17:0 decreased.The increase of GN bacteria implied that the cypermethrin insecticide might be a nutrient for the growth of these phyllosphere microbes.Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) reinforced the PLFA results.A significant change of bacterial community structure was observed in the separate dendrogram cluster between control and treated samples with the cucumber phyllosphere following cypermethrin insecticide treatment.Moreover,the increased terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) (58,62,89,99,119,195,239,311,340,and 473 bp) indicated that some bacteria might play a significant role in the insecticide degradation within the cucumber phylosphere,whereas the disappeared T-RFs (44,51,96,223,306,and 338 bp) implied that some other bacteria might potentially serve as microbial indicator of cyperemethrin insecticide exposure. | Baoguo ZHANG Zhihui BAI | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，11： | 19 |
| 16 | Constructal entransy optimizations for insulation layer of steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions显示文摘Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process,the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective.The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained.The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition,the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obviously different.Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate,the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98%,which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve.For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition,compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness,the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59%and39.72%,respectively,and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient a2;optwhich leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer.The difference between the optimal constant coefficients a2;optobtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small.This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small,and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously.The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers. | Huijun Feng Lingen Chen Zhihui Xie Fengrui Sun | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，20： | 19 |
| 17 | Constructal optimization for H-shaped multi-scale heat exchanger based on entransy theory显示文摘Analogizing with the definition of thermal efficiency of a heat exchanger,the entransy dissipation efficiency of a heat exchanger is defined as the ratio of dimensionless entransy dissipation rate to dimensionless pumping power of the heat exchanger.For the constraints of the total tube volume and total tube surface area of the heat exchanger,the constructal optimization of an H-shaped multi-scale heat exchanger is carried out by taking entransy dissipation efficiency maximization as optimization objective,and the optimal construct of the H-shaped multi-scale heat exchanger with maximum entransy dissipation efficiency is obtained.The results show that for the specified total tube volume of the heat exchanger,the optimal constructs of the first order T-shaped heat exchanger based on the maximizations of the thermal efficiency and entransy dissipation efficiency are obviously different with the lower mass flow rates of the cold and hot fluids.For the H-shaped multi-scale heat exchanger,the entransy dissipation efficiency decreases with the increase in mass flow rate when the heat exchanger order is fixed;for the specified dimensionless mass flow rate M(M<32.9),the entransy dissipation efficiency decreases with the increase in the heat exchanger order.The performance of the multi-scale heat exchanger is obviously improved compared with that of the single-scale heat exchanger.Moreover,the heat exchanger subjected to the total tube surface area constraint is also discussed in the paper.The optimization results obtained in this paper can provide a great compromise between the heat transfer and flow performances of the heat exchanger,provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of heat exchangers,and also enrich the connotation of entransy theory. | FENG HuiJun CHEN LinGen XIE ZhiHui SUN FengRui | 2013 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2013，56，2： | 16 |
| 18 | Tea-Grown Soils and Tea Quality in Sichuan and Chongqing, China显示文摘Made teas and typical tea-grown soils in Sichuan and Chongqing were collected to investigate soil nutrients, related soil properties and tea quality. The tea-grown soils in Sichuan and Chongqing are distributed mainly in mountainous areas. The high annual precipitation (over 1100 mm), precipitous soil slopes, low cohesion among soil particles and high soil porosity suggested that intensive erosion and leaching might occur in these soils. Moreover, they were very acidic and poor in mineral nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg except S. The average content of total S was 20.40 g kg-1, much higher than that of organic matter in these soils, revealing that S in the tea-grown soils existed mainly in inorganic forms and very little in organic forms. Water-extractable S accounted for only a small amount of total S, which showed that most parts of sulfur in these soils were insoluble in W8ter. K and S varied greatly in made teas. The concentrations of N and P, however, varied little in these teas even though they differentiated significantly in the tea-grown soils. The high concentration of nitrogen in made teas could result in the high free amino acids and low polyphenol of teas. Significantly positive correlation was established between potassium and polyphenol in made teas. Teas with high ratio of phenol to free amino acids were usually good in taste and appearance. | YUAN LING, WANG SHOUSHENG, WANG ZHIHUI and HUANG JIANGUO (College of Resources and Environment, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716 (China)) | 2000 | Pedosphere2000，10，1： | 16 |
| 19 | Evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for diagnosis of dysplastic nodules with a focus of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis patients显示文摘Objective: To compare the enhancement features of dysplastic nodules with a focus of hepatocellular carcinoma(DN-HCC) versus HCC and regenerative nodules(RN) in cirrhotic patients.Methods: One hundred and ninety-three cirrhotic patients were enrolled in this study; they had 215 focal liver lesions, 1.0-3.5 cm in size, which were examined using contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) with Sono Vue?and diagnosed as HCC, RN or DN-HCC by biopsy. Samples were obtained using 18-gauge needles in the different enhanced areas. The enhancement features of DN-HCC, HCC and RN were evaluated.Results: There were 86 HCC lesions, 102 RN lesions, and 27 DN-HCC lesions diagnosed by biopsy. Of 86 HCC lesions, 87.2%(75/86) showed complete enhancement during the arterial phase, and 12.8%(11/86) had inhomogeneous enhancement, with no enhancement in the central area during the arterial phase; 100%(86/86) exhibited washout during the late phase. Of 102 RN lesions, 95.1%(97/102) had delayed or simultaneous enhancement during the arterial phase, and 4.9%(5/102) displayed slight enhancement during the arterial phase; 26.5%(27/102) exhibited washout and 73.5%(75/102) exhibited no washout during the late phase. In 27 DN-HCC lesions, only part of the lesions enhanced during the arterial phase and washed out during the late phase; the other areas had delayed or simultaneous enhancement during the arterial phase, and 29.6%(8/27) exhibited slight washout in the late phase. In 86 HCCs, the pathological feature was HCC in the enhanced area of 75 lesions, hepatocellular fatty degeneration in the slightly enhanced area of 7 lesions, and hepatocellular necrosis in the unenhanced area and HCC in the enhanced area of 4 lesions. In 102 RNs, the pathological diagnosis was hepatocyte proliferation with or without fatty degeneration. In 27 DN-HCCs, the pathological feature was HCC in the enhanced area and hepatocyte regeneration in the unenhanced area.Conclusions: CEUS is useful for the diagnosis of focal liver lesions in cirrhotic patients. CEUS can help determine the progression from RN to DN-HCC to HCC by analyzing the hemodynamics. CEUS can promote the diagnostic accuracy of a biopsy by providing more accurate information on the site of the biopsy. | Wei Wu Minhua Chen Kun Yan Yin Dai Shanshan Yin Wei Yang Zhihui Fan | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2015，27，1： | 15 |
| 20 | Effect of Trichoderma viride biofertilizer on ammonia volatilization from an alkaline soil in Northern China显示文摘Ammonia(NH3) volatilization is one of the primary pathways of nitrogen(N) loss from soils after chemical fertilizer is applied, especially from the alkaline soils in Northern China, which results in lower efficiency for chemical fertilizers. Therefore, we conducted an incubation experiment using an alkaline soil from Tianjin(p H 8.37–8.43) to evaluate the suppression effect of Trichoderma viride(T. viride) biofertilizer on NH3 volatilization, and compared the differences in microbial community structure among all samples. The results showed that viable T. viride biofertilizer(T) decreased NH_3 volatilization by 42.21% compared with conventional fertilizer((CK), urea), while nonviable T. viride biofertilizer(TS) decreased NH_3 volatilization by 32.42%. NH_3 volatilization was significantly higher in CK and sweet potato starch wastewater(SPSW) treatments during the peak period. T. viride biofertilizer also improved the transfer of ammonium from soil to sweet sorghum. Plant dry weights increased 91.23% and 61.08% for T and TS, respectively, compared to CK. Moreover, T. viride biofertilizer enhanced nitrification by increasing the abundance of ammonium-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AOB). The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that the microbial community structure and composition were significantly changed by the application of T. viride biofertilizer. This study demonstrated the immense potential of T. viride biofertilizer in reducing NH_3 volatilization from alkaline soil and simultaneously improving the utilization of fertilizer N by sweet sorghum. | Xia Wang Shengjun Xu Shanghua Wu Shugeng Feng Zhihui Bai Guoqiang Zhuang Xuliang Zhuang | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，4： | 15 |
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