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| 1 | Spatial and temporal charac-teristics of VHF radiation source produced by lightning in supercell thunderstorms显示文摘The three-dimensional temporal and spatial characteristics of VHF radiation events produced by light-ning discharges in three supercell thunderstorms have been analyzed based on the data measured by the lightning map-ping array system with high time and space resolution. The results indicate that lightning hole (lighting free region) with about 5—6 km in diameter or lighting ring (annular lighting free region) is associated with the strong updraft in thunder-storm. The lasting time of lightning holes is either short or long, being about 20 min in a tornado-producing thunder-storm. The lightning holes appear before the occurrence of tornado. The lightning hole is the most obvious during the occurrence of tornado and some self-existent lighting radia-tion events appear at a height of 15—16 km. The lightning channels of inter-cloud (IC) lightning discharge exhibit clockwise rotary structures and do not have clear bilevel structures in the vicinity of the tornado. The lightning holes are corresponding to the strong updraft region. The tempo-ral and spatial distribution of lightning radiation events re-veals the structure of strong updraft in supercell thunder-storms. Positive cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharges dominate in these thunderstorms and the peak of positive CG lightning flash rate appears, with the maximum of 6 per minute, after or before the occurrence of tornado. | ZHANGYijun MENGQing P.R.Krehbiel LIUXinsheng ZHOUXiuji | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，6： | 14 |
| 2 | Hierarchy and nonstationarity in climate systems:Exploring the prediction of complex systems显示文摘The prediction theories for complex systems with a hierarchical structure and their applications to the climate process are a significant and forward-looking field of research. However, up to the present, they are yet not known and understood very well. This paper presents a preliminary theoretical frame for them. As a normal example, the basic behaviors and the dynamic structure of the climate system are discussed in detail. The conclusions indicate that the climate system may be considered as a cascade of several subsystems located in different hierarchies. Such a dynamic structure is just the cause resulting in the nonstationarity. The conclusions also indicate that the main barrier of the climate prediction in theory derives from the contrary between the stationarity hypothesis for the current prediction theory and the nonstationary behavior of the real climate process. In addition, some work is discussed for detecting the nonstationarity in climate and other geophysical data and predicting the nonstationary process developed in recent years. These works may construct a preliminary base for applying to the climate predictions. | YANGPeicai BIANJianchun WANGGeli ZHOUXiuji | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，19： | 7 |
| 3 | Mechanism of formation of low level jets in the South China Sea during spring and summer of 1998显示文摘The mechanism responsible for the formation of the low-level jet (LLJ) over the South China Sea during spring and summer of 1998 was analyzed through using the assimilated grid data provided by the South China Sea monsoon experiment (SCSMEX). More analyses were emphasized on a heavy rainfall process in the Zhujiang Delta area between 8th and 10th June 1998 in which a LLJ played a key role. Furthermore, the MM5 meso-scale model was utilized in studying the effects of the weather systems on the LLJ. The results showed that the kinetic energy associated with the LLJ transferred upward when the LLJ formed, which results in the fact that the big velocity of the LLJ expanded upward to higher level. Simulation verifies that a synoptic-scale low pressure in the low troposphere of the west of South China moved toward the east, with a low-troposphere synoptic-scale high pressure in the western Pacific moving toward the west. In this process, the approach of both systems leads to the reinforcement of pressure gradient force between them, making the kinetic energy needed by the formation of the LLJ increase. Through this process the LLJ formed and developed over the South China Sea between the low and high pressures. Because the formation of the LLJ indicates the enhancement of summer monsoon in the South China Sea, the mechanism responsible for formation of the LLJ could be used in explaining an enhancement of summer monsoon in the South China Sea. | ZHAOPing SUNJian ZHOUXiuji | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Signals of Antarctic Circumpolar Wave over the Southern Indian Ocean as recorded in an Antarctica ice core显示文摘Oxygen stable isotopic and ionic records, cov- ering a period of 1745—1996, are recovered in DT001 ice core drilled in Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica. Using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the annually resolved glaciochemical time series, we find the first EOF (EOF1) represents sea-salt aerosols and is the proxy of sea level pressure (SLP) over a quasi-stationary low in the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO). δ O represents the sea sur- 18 face temperature (SST) of the same ocean area. In the past two decades, four climatic waves as represented by SLP and SST proxies are found in the DT001 ice core, which in coin- cident with four Antarctic Circum-polar Waves (ACW) as revealed by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The phase difference between SST and SLP in the ice core is also coincident with that in ACW. Both ice-core record and reanalysis suggest that there were no signals of ACW during 1958—1980, none during the overall recording period between 1745—1996, as there is no regular phase difference between SST and SLP. The ACW signal after early 1980s is probably attributable to the climate shift occurring over Antarctic Peninsula-Drake Passage region. | XIAOCunde CHENGYanjie RENJiawen LULonghua LIZhongqin QINDahe ZHOUXiuji | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Analysis of influence of Taihu lake and urban heat island an local circulation in Yangze Delta显示文摘 | Li Weiliang Liu Hongli Zhouxiuji | 2003 | Science in China( series D)2003，46，4： | 1 |
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