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| 1 | Pathogenesis of achalasia cardia显示文摘Achalasia cardia is one of the common causes of motor dysphagia.Though the disease was first described more than 300 years ago,exact pathogenesis of this condition still remains enigmatic.Pathophysiologically,achalasia cardia is caused by loss of inhibitory ganglion in the myenteric plexus of the esophagus.In the initial stage,degeneration of inhibitory nerves in the esophagus results in unopposed action of excitatory neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine,resulting in high amplitude non-peristaltic contractions(vigorous achalasia);progressive loss of cholinergic neurons over time results in dilation and low amplitude simultaneous contractions in the esophageal body(classic achalasia).Since the initial description,several studies have attempted to explore initiating agents that may cause the disease,such as viral infection,other environmental factors,autoimmunity,and genetic factors.Though Chagas disease,which mimics achalasia,is caused by an infective agent,available evidence suggests that infection may not be an independent cause of primary achalasia.A genetic basis for achalasia is supported by reports showing occurrence of disease in monozygotic twins,siblings and other first-degree relatives and occurrence in association with other genetic diseases such as Down's syndrome and Parkinson's disease.Polymorphisms in genes encoding for nitric oxide synthase,receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide,interleukin 23 and the ALADIN gene have been reported.However,studies on larger numbers of patients and controls from different ethnic groups are needed before definite conclusions can be obtained.Currently,the disease is believed to be multi-factorial,with autoimmune mechanisms triggered by infection in a genetically predisposed individual leading to degeneration of inhibitory ganglia in the wall of the esophagus. | Uday C Ghoshal Sunil B Daschakraborty Renu Singh | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，24： | 20 |
| 2 | The role and significance of Magnesium in modern day research-A review显示文摘Magnesium is one of the largely available elements in the earth’s crust. It has a low structural density with high specific strength. This unique material property has forced an increase in the use of magnesium and its alloys in various applications pertaining to industrial sector,automobiles, aerospace and biomedical. Since magnesium is a highly reactive metal, it is prone to higher rate of corrosion as compared to its counterparts. Thus, it is essential to analyze the corrosion behavior of magnesium and its alloys in its applications. An appropriate process is to be followed in the design and development of magnesium alloys which overcome the limitations of magnesium and enhance the desired material properties in accordance to their applications. This review paper summarizes the importance of magnesium and its material properties. The influence of various alloying elements on the mechanical properties of magnesium is reviewed. The broad classification of Mg alloys and their behavioral trends are detailed. The corrosion behavior of magnesium and the influence of corrosion products on the material characteristics of magnesium, in aqueous medium, are discussed. The manufacturing techniques of magnesium alloys along with the secondary techniques are also covered. The various applications and the limitations of magnesium in these applications are covered. A complete section is dedicated towards detailing the recent trends of magnesium(Mg) alloys, i.e., the biodegradable nature and applications of Mg alloys. The influence of biocorrosion on Mg alloys and techniques to overcome it have been deliberated. This paper provides a thorough review on recent developments of magnesium with respect to engineering applications. | S V Satya Prasad S B Prasad Kartikey Verma Raghvendra Kumar Mishra Vikas Kumar Subhash Singh | 2022 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2022，10，1： | 11 |
| 3 | 急性脊髓损伤患者治疗的临床操作指南:关于MRI基线在临床治疗决策与结果预测中作用的几点建议(英文)显示文摘The objective of this guideline is to outline the role of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in clinical decision making and outcome prediction in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted to address key questions related to the use of MRI in patients with traumatic SCI.This review focused on longitudinal studies that controlled for baseline neurologic status.A multidisciplinary Guideline Development Group(GDG) used this information,their clinical expertise,and patient input to develop recommendations on the use of MRI for SCI patients.Based on GRADE(Grading of Recommendation,Assessment,Development and Evaluation),a strong recommendation is worded as ' we recommend,' whereas a weaker recommendation is indicated by 'we suggest.' Results Based on the limited available evidence and the clinical expertise of the GDG,our recommendations were:(1) 'We suggest that MRI be performed in adult patients with acute SCI prior to surgical intervention,when feasible,to facilitate improved clinical decision-making'(quality of evidence,very low) and(2) 'We suggest that MRI should be performed in adult patients in the acute period following SCI,before or after surgical intervention,to improve prediction of neurologic outcome '(quality of evidence,low).Conclusions These guidelines should be implemented into clinical practice to improve outcomes and prognostication for patients with SCI. | Fehlings MG Martin AR Tetreault LA Aarabi B Anderson P Arnold PM Brodke D Burns AS Chiba K Dettori JR Furlan JC Hawryluk G Holly LT Howley S Jeji T Kalsi-Ryan S Kotter M Kurpad S Kwon BK Marino RJ Massicotte E Merli G Middleton JW Nakashima H Nagoshi N Palmieri K Singh A Skelly AC Tsai EC Vaccaro A Wilson JR Yee A Harrop JS | 2017 | 中华神经外科疾病研究杂志2017，16，6： | 8 |
| 4 | Immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccines in prostate cancer: an update on current strategies and clinical implications显示文摘在最近的年里,免疫疗法为前列腺癌症的治疗作为可行、吸引人的策略出现了。当有指向免疫系统的多重方法时,治疗学的癌症疫苗和有免疫力的检查点禁止者在迟了阶段的临床的试用是很成功的。为无征状或最低限度地征兆的变形前列腺癌症的 sipuleucel-T 的里程碑食物药品管理局赞同与癌症疫苗 PSA 得信佳和有免疫力的检查点禁止者 ipilimumab 为进行中的阶段 III 试用作准备。没有短期的变化,这些基于免疫者的治疗的一个普通特征是改进全面幸存的外观。这类效果看起来由于肿瘤生长率动力学,激活的免疫系统在施加减缓网络肿瘤生长的经常的 immunologic 压力的调整。新兴的数据建议为癌症疫苗的临床的试用的理想的人口是有更低的肿瘤体积和更少的好攻击的疾病的病人。把免疫疗法与标准治疗相结合的联合策略被显示了扩充有免疫力的反应和临床的利益。 | B Harpreet Singh James L Gulley | 2014 | Asian Journal of Andrology2014，16，3： | 6 |
| 5 | Inflammatory bowel disease:Therapeutic limitations and prospective of the stem cell therapy显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),consisting primarily of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a group of debilitating auto-immune disorders,which also increases the risk of colitis-associated cancer.However,due to the chronic nature of the disease and inconsistent treatment outcomes of current anti-IBD drugs(e.g.,approximately 30%non-responders to anti-TNFαagents),and related serious side effects,about half of all IBD patients(in millions)turn to alternative treatment options.In this regard,mucosal healing is gaining acceptance as a measure of disease activity in IBD patients as recent studies have correlated the success of mucosal healing with improved prognosis.However,despite the increasing clinical realization of the significance of the concept of mucosal healing,its regulation and means of therapeutic targeting remain largely unclear.Here,stemcell therapy,which uses hematopoietic stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells,remains a promising option.Stem cells are the pluripotent cells with ability to differentiate into the epithelial and/or immune-modulatory cells.The overreaching concept is that the stem cells can migrate to the damaged areas of the intestine to provide curative help in the mucosal healing process.Moreover,by differentiating into the mature intestinal epithelial cells,the stem cells also help in restoring the barrier integrity of the intestinal lining and hence prevent the immunomodulatory induction,the root cause of the IBD.In this article,we elaborate upon the current status of the clinical management of IBD and potential role of the stem cell therapy in improving IBD therapy and patient’s quality of life. | Rangnath Mishra Punita Dhawan Anand S Srivastava Amar B Singh | 2020 | World Journal of Stem Cells2020，12，10： | 4 |
| 6 | Effects of selenomethionine on acute toxicities from concurrent chemoradiation for inoperable stage Ⅲ nonsmall cell lung cancer显示文摘AIM: To prospectively determine the safety and tolerability of oral L-selenomethionine(SLM) with concurrent chemoradiation(CCRT) for Stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and estimate if the incidence and/or severity of adverse events could be reduced by its use.METHODS: Sixteen patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC were accrued to this single arm, phase Ⅱ study. CCRT consisted of radiation given at 2 Gy per fraction for 30-33 fractions, 5 d per week with concurrent weekly Ⅳ paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 followed by carboplatin dosed at an area under the time-concentration curve of 2. SLM was dosed in a loading phase at 4800 μg twice daily for one week prior to CCRT followed by once daily dosing during treatment. RESULTS: No selenium-related toxicity was observed. Analysis revealed grade 3 or higher esophagitis in 3 of 16 patients(19%), pneumonitis in 0, leukopenia in 2(12.5%), and anemia in 1(6%); the latter two were significantly reduced when compared to the protocolstated expected rate of 35%(P = 0.045 for leukopenia, and P < 0.01 for anemia). Median overall survival was 14.9 mo and median failure-free survival was 9 mo(95%CI: 3.3-21.5).CONCLUSION: There may be some protective benefit of selenium in the setting of CCRT for inoperable NSCLC. The data suggests decreased rates of myelosuppression when compared to similarly-treated historical and contemporary controls. Further evaluation of selenium in this setting may be warranted. | Michael Mix Nithya Ramnath Jorge Gomez Charles de Groot Saju Rajan Shiva Dibaj Wei Tan Youcef Rustum Michael B Jameson Anurag K Singh | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2015，6，5： | 4 |
| 7 | CFTR activation raises extracellular pH of NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts and C127 epithelial cells显示文摘 | Luckie D B Singh C N Wine J J | 2001 | J Membr Biol2001，179，3： | 2 |
| 8 | Phyototoxicity of ALS inhibitors is not due to accumulation of 2-ketobutyrate and/or 2-aminobutyrate 显示文摘 | Shaner D L and Singh B K | 1993 | Plant Phy1993，103，： | 2 |
| 9 | Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity显示文摘 | Anthony N Kalloo Vikesh K Singh Sanjay B Jagannath Hideaki Niiyama Susan L Hill Cheryl A Vaughn Carolyn A Magee Sergey V Kantsevoy | 2004 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2004，，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Current status of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital of East Delhi显示文摘 | T Sagar N Singh B Kashyap I Kaur | 2013 | Journal of Postgraduate Medicine2013，，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Remote sensing and GIS for land use/cover mapping and integrated land management: case from the middle Ganga plain显示文摘在印度,陆地资源由于很快成长的人口到达了一个批评阶段。这挑战向利用陆地资源要求一条综合途径,当考虑脆弱的环境条件时。遥感和地理信息系统(GIS ) 基于技术可以被用于一个区域以便产生最佳地被适合到地面并且到本地资源的生产潜力的一个持续开发计划。现在的学习区域是中间的 Ganga 平原的部分,作为 Son-Karamnasa 河间地知道,在印度。其他的陆地使用系统和有农业系统的家畜企业的集成为陆地资源管理被建议了。这份报纸的目的是准备一个陆地资源发展计划以便为持续开发增加土地的生产率。现在的学习将贡献必要输入让政策制造者改进这个区域的社会经济、环境的条件[出版摘要] | R B SINGH Dilip KUMAR | 2012 | Frontiers of Earth Science2012，6，2： | 2 |
| 12 | A new four-dimensional hyperjerk system with stable equilibrium point, circuit implementation, and its synchronization by using an adaptive integrator backstepping control显示文摘This paper reports a new simple four-dimensional(4 D) hyperjerk chaotic system. The proposed system has only one stable equilibrium point. Hence, its strange attractor belongs to the category of hidden attractors. The proposed system exhibits various dynamical behaviors including chaotic, periodic, stable nature, and coexistence of various attractors. Numerous theoretical and numerical methods are used for the analyses of this system. The chaotic behavior of the new system is validated using circuit implementation. Further, the synchronization of the proposed systems is shown by designing an adaptive integrator backstepping controller. Numerical simulation validates the synchronization strategy. | J P Singh V T Pham T Hayat S Jafari F E Alsaadi B K Roy | 2018 | Chinese Physics B2018，27，10： | 2 |
| 13 | Coprecipitation of mixture of CuO and Al2O3 through NaNO3 -KNO3 eutectic mixture and its catalytic activity during the decomposition of hydroxy显示文摘 | Singh N B Ojha A K | 2002 | Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials2002，56，3： | 2 |
| 14 | Effect of tannin rich leaves of oak (Quercus incana) on various microbial enzyme activities of the bovine rumen显示文摘 | MAKKAR H P S SINGH B DAWRA R K | 1988 | British Journal of Nutrition1988，60，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Improved phytase production by a thermophilic mould Sporotrichum thermophile in submerged fermentation due to statistical optimization显示文摘 | Singh B Satyanarayana T | 2008 | BioresTechnol2008，99，4： | 1 |
| 16 | A new control approach to three-phase active power filter for harmonics and reactive power eompensation显示文摘 | Singh B Al-Haddad K Chandra A | 1998 | IEEE Transactions on Power Systems1998，13，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Transcription factors in plant defense and stress responses显示文摘 | Foley R C Onate-Sanchezl | 2002 | Curr Opin Plant Biol2002，5，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Comparison of the characteristic time (CTC),representative interactive flamelet (RIF),and Direct Integration with detailed chemistry combustion models against optical diagnostic data for multi-modecombustion in a heavy-dutyDI diesel engine显示文摘 | Satbir Singh Rolf D Reitz Mark P B Musculus | 2006 | SAE Paper2006，，01： | 1 |
| 19 | Sequential Monte Carlo Methods for Multi-target Filtering with Random Finite Sets显示文摘 | Vo B Singh S Doucet A | 2005 | IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic Systems2005，41，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Molecular detection of cashew husk (Anacardium occidentale) adulteration in market samples of dry tea (Camellia sinensis) 显示文摘 | DHIMAN B SINGH M | 2003 | Letter Planta Med2003，69，： | 1 |
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