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| 1 | 东北典型黑土区不同土地利用方式土壤水分动态变化特征显示文摘土壤水分是农业生产和区域生态系统的重要影响因子。以黑龙江省鹤山农场2号小流域为研究区域,系统研究不同土地利用方式土壤水分的动态变化过程和剖面变化特征。结果发现:不同土地利用方式土壤含水量随观察期内降雨量时间分布波动,并且总体呈降低趋势,但各变化曲线有所差异。观测时段内土壤水分变化分为相对稳定期、消耗期和补给期;土地利用方式对土壤剖面含水量的影响随土层的加深而增大,各土地利用方式的土壤含水量随土层的加深也呈现出不同的变化趋势,并且其土壤剖面含水量变化均存在季节差异。 | 苏子龙 张光辉 于艳 | 2013 | 地理科学2013，33，9： | 19 |
| 2 | 鄱阳湖湿地典型植被群落地下水-土壤-植被-大气系统界面水分通量及水源组成显示文摘地下水-土壤-植被-大气系统(GSPAC)界面水分传输是湿地生态水文过程研究的关键.本文选取鄱阳湖湿地高位滩地的2种典型植被群落:茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落为研究对象,运用HYDRUS-1D垂向一维数值模拟,量化了湿地GSPAC系统界面水分通量,阐明了典型丰水年(2012年)和枯水年(2013年)鄱阳湖湿地植被群落的蒸腾用水规律和水源组成.结果表明:(1)茵陈蒿和芦苇群落土壤-大气界面的年降水入渗量为1570~1600 mm,主要集中在雨季4-6月,占年总量的60%;植物-大气界面的年蒸腾总量分别为346~470 mm和926~1057 mm,其中7-8月植被生长旺季最大,占年总量的40%~46%;地下水-根区土壤界面的向上补给水量受不同水文年水位变化的影响显著,地下水年补给量分别为15~513 mm和277~616 mm,主要发生在蒸散发作用强烈和地下水埋深较浅的时段.(2)植被蒸腾用水分为生长初期(4-6月)和生长旺季(7-10月)2个阶段,丰水年植被的整个生长期蒸腾用水充足,枯水年植被生长旺季的蒸腾用水受到严重水分胁迫,实际蒸腾量仅为潜在蒸腾量的一半左右.(3)不同水文年湿地植被生长旺季的水源贡献不同:丰水年茵陈蒿群落以地下水补给为主,芦苇群落以湖水和地下水补给为主;枯水年茵陈蒿群落以降水和前期土壤水储量为主,芦苇群落以地下水补给为主.本研究结果有助于揭示湿地植被的水分利用策略,为阐明湖泊水情变化与植被演替的作用机理提供参考依据. | 许秀丽 李云良 谭志强 张奇 | 2018 | 湖泊科学2018，30，5： | 9 |
| 3 | 黄壤径流小区植被覆盖度对土壤湿度的影响显示文摘土壤水是生态环境的重要因素,黄壤是亚热带湿润条件下的一种地带性土壤,研究植被覆盖度对土壤湿度的影响对该地区水文过程研究、水土保持、水资源利用都具有重要意义。设置植被覆盖度不同的黄壤径流小区,对其土壤湿度进行长期监测,分析不同植被覆盖度条件下土壤湿度的平均水平和变化特征,结果表明:植被覆盖度分别为75%、70%、50%、10%的条件下,土壤湿度平均值分别为43.04%、44.34%、43.33%、46.59%,土壤湿度的最大值、平均值以及变化范围、降雨时变化速度均与植被覆盖度呈负相关关系;植被覆盖度分别为75%、70%、50%、10%的条件下,各场降雨土壤湿度峰值开始时间总和分别为157、155、154、150 h,植被覆盖度较高条件下土壤湿度对降雨响应的滞后现象较为明显;9-12月,各植被覆盖度下土壤湿度均与气温呈显著正相关(P=0.05),显示出无降雨影响时段的土壤湿度呈现随季节变化降低的趋势。综上所述,在研究期内,黄壤径流小区土壤湿度的动态特征主要受降雨影响,不同植被覆盖度条件下植被对降雨的截留作用不同,是导致土壤湿度差异的主要原因。 | 孙智妍 周秋文 罗雅雪 韦小茶 余军林 | 2019 | 水资源与水工程学报2019，30，4： | 9 |
| 4 | 土地整治区典型林地土壤贮水量预测方法比较显示文摘在长期田间试验基础上,分别利用数值模拟方法(Numerical Simulation,NS)和人工神经网络(Artificial Neural Network,ANN)模型构建江南平原土地整治区典型林地的土壤水分运动模型,并对土壤贮水量进行预测。NS模型校正结果表明,该模型虽能较好地预测林地土壤含水量动态变化,但是NS模型对训练期和验证期0~60cm土层贮水量预测的均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)分别为11.09和8.29mm,而ANN预测的RMSE分别为4.17和4.08mm,说明ANN的预测效果好于NS模型。最后,敏感性分析结果表明ANN预测精度对输入参数的敏感程度由高到低依次为:前期土壤贮水量>降水量>最高气温>最低气温。 | 李谦 廖凯华 杨桂山 朱青 郑锦森 | 2014 | 长江流域资源与环境2014，23，6： | 2 |
| 5 | 半干旱地区不同森林类型土壤水分动态模拟显示文摘采用暖温带落叶阔叶次生林、油松人工林和华北落叶松人工林样地土壤水分的生长季内观测数据和其他辅助观测数据,检验了Georgakakos等提出的土壤水分模型在半干旱林地的适用性。结果表明,该模型用于模拟半干旱林地日尺度土壤水分动态具有一定的可信度,且能够较好的反映不同森林类型的水文效应。模型参数的敏感性分析表明,不同目标函数的参数敏感度信息反映了该模型'异参同效'现象不显著,模型结构不确定性也较小。各参数的敏感度结果揭示了各参数在降雨入渗、深层渗漏和蒸散部分中的控制作用。从模型模拟的土壤水分变化通量来看,油松人工林地实际年蒸散发量大于其他林地,落叶阔叶林地年入渗量大于其他林地,而3种森林类型林地深层渗漏所占生长季降雨量的比例都较小。研究半干旱地区多年生人工林土壤水分的情况,不仅有助于从根本上认清半干旱地区土壤-大气-植被连续体的复杂作用关系,也为半干旱地区树种选择及造林后的生态水文效应研究提供理论依据。 | 王晓学 沈会涛 周玥 景峰 李叙勇 陈国鹏 | 2015 | 生态学报2015，35，19： | 2 |
| 6 | Isotopic evidence for soil water sources and reciprocal movement in a semi-arid degraded wetland:Implications for wetland restoration显示文摘Understanding water dynamics is a prerequisite for the restoration of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions.In this study,we carried out δD and δ^(18)O analyses of precipitation,unsaturated soil water,overland flow,surface runoff,and groundwater samples from a seasonally flooded wetland in the Momoge National Nature Reserve of the Songnen Plain,Northeast China,to identify the water sources and understand the mechanisms of unsaturated soil water movement.Unsaturated soil water content(W/W%)at every 20 cm along with a soil profile(0–100 cm)was collected during the growing season,and the HYDRUS-1D model was used to simulate temporal-spatial variations.The results showed that the local meteoric water line(δD=5.90δ18O-7.34,R2=0.95)had a smaller slope and intercept than the global meteoric water line because of strong evaporation at our study site under semi-arid climate.The groundwater was partly recharged by local precipitation via overland flow and unsaturated soil water infiltration.Unsaturated soil water was sourced from both precipitation and groundwater with variations at different depths.The upper soil layer at 0–15 cm was mainly sourced from limited precipitation,while the groundwater could move up to a 25 cm layer during the dry period.The unsaturated soil water content increased with soil depth in the top 40 cm,decreased at depths of 40 to 80 cm,and increased again at depths of 80 to 100 cm.The HYDRUS-1D model could simulate the unsaturated soil water dynamics well in the upper(0–40 cm)and lower(80–100 cm)sections,but poorly for depths of 40–80 cm due to the upward and downward flow.The bidirectional unsaturated soil water movement highlights the importance of capillary groundwater for wetland plants with similar climatic or hydrogeological conditions. | Yuanchun Zou Sijian Zhang Xiaofei Yu Guobin Fu Xianguo Lu | 2023 | Fundamental Research2023，3，6： | 1 |
| 7 | A Two-parameter Exponential Recession Model for Simulating Cropland Soil Moisture Dynamics显示文摘To simulate the soil moisture variation in cropland, a two-parameter exponential recession model was derived to depict the recession process of soil moisture in the root zone. The model is based on the assumption that the recession rate of soil water is proportional to the potential evapotranspiration rate and the difference of soil water content and steady soil water content. Two parameters in this model are soil texture-dependent recession constant and steady soil water content. The model was calibrated and validated with measured soil water data at two experiment sites in North China with different soil textures and cropping systems. Coefficients of determination between measured and model simulated soil water content were all greater than 0.7, indicating that both models gave satisfactory simulation results. Results showed that values of two parameters mentioned above are both larger for finer soil than those for coarser soil. At the same potential evapotranspiration rate and soil water content, the recession rate of finer soil is usually lower than that of coarser soil. The proposed model can be used in irrigation management to predict approximate date for irrigation, as well as be embedded into watershed hydrological models to estimate the antecedent precipitation index. | SHANG Songhao MAO Xiaomin | 2014 | Chinese Geographical Science2014，24，5： | 0 |
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