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| 1 | Toward a research framework to conceptualize data as a factor of production:The data marketplace perspective显示文摘The widespread use of machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms has highlighted the strategic role of data.To acquire data for training algorithms and eventually empowering the digital transformation,data marketplaces are often required to support and coordinate cross-organizational data transactions.However,the prior industry practices have suggested that the transaction costs in the data marketplaces are severely high,and the supporting infrastructure is far from mature.This paper proposes a data attributes-affected data exchange(DADE)conceptual model to understand the challenges and directions for developing data marketplaces.Specifically,our model framework is built upon two dimensions,data lifecycle maturity and data asset specificity.Based on the DADE model,we propose four approaches for developing data marketplaces and discuss future research directions with an overview of computational methods as potential technical solutions. | Lihua Huang Yifan Dou Yezheng Liu Jinzhao Wang Gang Chen Xiaoyang Zhang Runyin Wang | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，5： | 11 |
| 2 | Carbon neutrality needs a circular metal-energy nexus显示文摘Carbon neutrality requires systematic transformations of both energy and metal systems.These transformations are not isolated but rather interlinked and interdependent,such that trade-offs between different strategies exist.Herein,we explore the critical interlinkages between energy and metal systems and further propose a circular metal-energy nexus to advance global coordinated actions towards a carbon-neutral future. | Peng Wang Heming Wang Wei-Qiang Chen Stefan Pauliuk | 2022 | Fundamental Research2022，2，3： | 10 |
| 3 | Recent progress in human body energy harvesting for smart bioelectronic system显示文摘From every heartbeat to every footstep, human beings dissipate energy all the time. Researchers are trying to harvest energy from the human body and convert it into electricity, which can be supplied to electronic medical devices closely related to human health. Such an energy recycling form is currently a research hotspot in the fields of energy harvesting and bioelectronics. This review firstly summarizes the distribution and characteristics of three primary energy sources contained in the human body, including thermal energy, chemical energy, and mechanical energy. Afterwards, the applicable energy harvesting technologies and corresponding working mechanisms for different energy sources are introduced. Some typical demos and practical applications of each type of human body energy harvesting technology are also presented. Specifically, the advantages and critical issues of different energy harvesting technologies are summarized, and corresponding promising solutions are also provided. Besides, the interaction strategies between various energy harvesting devices and the human body are summarized from the aspects of wearable and implantable applications. Finally, the concept of a self-powered closed-loop bioelectronic system (SCBS) is put forward for the first time, which organically combines portable electronic devices, implantable electronic medical devices, energy harvesting devices, and the human body. The prospect of symbiosis between the SCBS and the human body is provided. The demands and future development trends of the SCBS are also discussed. | Yang Zou Lin Bo Zhou Li | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，3： | 5 |
| 4 | Toward emerging gallium oxide semiconductors:A roadmap显示文摘Owing to the advantages of ultra-wide bandgap and rich material systems,gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))has emerged as a highly viable semiconductor material for new researches.This article mainly focuses on the growth processes,material characteristics,and applications of Ga_(2)O_(3).Compared with single crystals and the epitaxial growth of other wide-bandgap semiconductors,large-size and high-quality��-Ga_(2)O_(3) single crystals can be efficiently grown with a low cost,making them highly competitive.Thanks to the availability of high-quality single crystals,epi-taxial films,and rich material systems,high-performance semiconductor devices based on Ga_(2)O_(3) go through a booming development in recent years.The defects and interfaces of Ga_(2)O_(3) are comprehensively analyzed owing to their significant influence on practical applications.In this study,the two most common applications of Ga_(2)O_(3) materials are introduced.The high breakdown electric field,high working temperature,and excellent Baliga’s figure-of-merit of Ga_(2)O_(3) represent an inspiring prospect for power electronic devices.In addition,the excellent absorption in deep-ultraviolet band provides new ideas for optoelectronic detectors and ensures the dramatic progress.Finally,the summary,challenges,and prospects of the Ga_(2)O_(3) materials and devices are presented and discussed. | Yuan Yuan Weibing Hao Wenxiang Mu Zhengpeng Wang Xuanhu Chen Qi Liu Guangwei Xu Chenlu Wang Hong Zhou Yanni Zou Xiaolong Zhao Zhitai Jia Jiandong Ye Jincheng Zhang Shibing Long Xutang Tao Rong Zhang Yue Hao | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，6： | 5 |
| 5 | Quantum secure direct communication:Intersection of communication and cryptography显示文摘The rapid development of quantum computers is perceived as a threat to communication security.However,the fundamental laws of quantum physics guarantee unbreakable encryption,which allows us to transfer sensitive information with confidence.Therefore,quantum communication is vital for both national security and daily life.As a type of quantum communication,quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)[1]provides a unique way for the direct transmission of infor-mation while ensuring unconditional security. | Chuan Wang | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，1： | 5 |
| 6 | A commentary of GPT-3 in MIT Technology Review 2021显示文摘Through the development of large-scale natural language models with writing and dialogue capabilities,artificial intelligence(AI)has taken a significant stride towards better natural language understanding(NLU)and human-computer interaction(HCI).As of today,the GPT-3 model,developed by OpenAI,is the language model with the most parameters,the largest scale,and the strongest capabilities.Using a large amount of Internet text data and thousands of books for model training,GPT-3 can imitate the natural language patterns of humans nearly perfectly.This language model is extremely realistic and is considered the most impressive model as of today.Despite its powerful modeling and description capabilities,there are significant issues and limitations.First and foremost,the GPT-3 model does not understand writing(natural language generation)well and sometimes generates uncontrollable content.Secondly,training the GPT-3 model requires a large amount of computing power,data,and capital investment,and releases significant carbon dioxide emissions.Developing similar models is only possible in laboratories with adequate resources.Furthermore,as the GPT-3 model is trained with Internet text data rife with error messages and prejudices,it often produces chapters and paragraphs with biased content similar to the training data. | Min Zhang Juntao Li | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，6： | 5 |
| 7 | Root exudate chemistry affects soil carbon mobilization via microbial community reassembly显示文摘Plant roots are one of the major mediators that allocate carbon captured from the atmosphere to soils as rhizodeposits,including root exudates.Although rhizodeposition regulates both microbial activity and the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients,the effects of particular exudate species on soil carbon fluxes and key rhizosphere microorganisms remain unclear.By combining high-throughput sequencing,q-PCR,and NanoSIMS analyses,we characterized the bacterial community structure,quantified total bacteria depending on root exudate chemistry,and analyzed the consequences on the mobility of mineral-protected carbon.Using well-controlled incubation experiments,we showed that the three most abundant groups of root exudates(amino acids,carboxylic acids,and sugars)have contrasting effects on the release of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and bioavailable Fe in an Ultisol through the disruption of organo-mineral associations and the alteration of bacterial communities,thus priming organic matter decomposition in the rhizosphere.High resolution(down to 50 nm)NanoSIMS images of mineral particles indicated that iron and silicon colocalized significantly more organic carbon following amino acid inputs than treatments without exudates or with carboxylic acids.The application of sugar strongly reduced microbial diversity without impacting soil carbon mobilization.Carboxylic acids increased the prevalence of Actinobacteria and facilitated carbon mobilization,whereas amino acid addition increased the abundances of Proteobacteria that prevented DOC release.In summary,root exudate functions are defined by their chemical composition that regulates bacterial community composition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the rhizosphere. | Tao Wen Guang-Hui Yu Wen-Dan Hong Jun Yuan Guo-Qing Niu Peng-Hao Xie Fu-Sheng Sun Lao-Dong Guo Yakov Kuzyakov Qi-Rong Shen | 2022 | Fundamental Research2022，2，5： | 4 |
| 8 | Importance and vulnerability of lakes and reservoirs supporting drinking water in China显示文摘Drinking water is closely related to human health,disease and mortality,and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide.China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity due to both water shortages and poor water quality.Ensuring safe and clean drinking water is a great challenge and top priority,especially for China with 1.4 billion people.In China,more than 4000 centralized drinking water sources including rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater have been established to serve urban residents.However,there is little knowledge on the percentage,serving population and water quality of three centralized drinking water source types.We collected nationwide centralized drinking water sources data and serving population data covering 395 prefecture-level and county-level cities and water quality data in the two most populous provinces(Guangdong and Shandong)to examine their contribution and importance.Geographically,the drinking water source types can be classified into three clear regions exhibiting apparent differences in the respective contributions of rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater.We further found that overall,lakes and reservoirs account for 40.6%of the centralized drinking water sources vs.river(30.8%)and groundwater(28.6%)in China.Lakes and reservoirs are particularly important in the densely populated eastern region,where they are used as drinking water sources by 51.0%of the population(318 million).Moreover,the contribution to the drinking water supply from lakes and reservoirs is increasing due to their better water quality and many cross-regional water transfer projects.These results will be useful for the government to improve and optimize the establishment of centralized drinking water sources,which provide safe and clean drinking water in China to safeguard people's lives and health and realize sustainable development goals. | Yunlin Zhang Jianming Deng Boqiang Qin Guangwei Zhu Yinjun Zhang Erik Jeppesen Yindong Tong | 2023 | Fundamental Research2023，3，2： | 3 |
| 9 | Preparation,characterization and biological properties of a novel bone block composed of platelet rich fibrin and a deproteinized bovine bone mineral显示文摘Alveolar bone defects caused by tooth loss often lead to challenges in implant dentistry,with a need for development of optimal bone biomaterials to predictably rebuild these tissues.To address this problem,we fabricated a novel bone block using platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)and Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral(DBBM),and characterized their mechanical and biological properties.The bone block was prepared by mixing DBBM,Liquid-PRF,and Solid-PRF fragments in various combinations as follows:(1)BLOCK-1 made with Solid-PRF fragments+DBBM,(2)BLOCK-2 made with Liquid-PRF+DBBM,(3)BLOCK-3 made with Solid-PRF fragments+Liquid-PRF+DBBM.The time for solidification and the degradation properties were subsequently recorded.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and tensile tests were carried out to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of each block.The bioactivity of the three groups towards osteoblast differentiation was also evaluated by culturing cells with the conditioned medium from each of the three groups including cell proliferation assay,cell migration assay,alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining,and alizarin red staining(ARS),as well as by real-time PCR for genes encoding runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2),ALP,collagen type I alphal(COLIv41)and osteocalcin(OCN).BLOCK-3 made with Solid-PRF fragments+Liquid-PRF+DBBM had by far the fastest solidification period(over a 10-fold increase)as well as the most resistance to degradation.SEM and tensile tests also revealed that the mechanical properties of BLOCK-3 were superior in strength when compared to all other groups and further induced the highest osteoblast migration and osteogenic differentiation confirmed by ALP,ARS and real-time PCR.PRF bone blocks made through the combination of Solid-PRF fragments+Liquid-PRF+DBBM had the greatest mechanical and biological properties when compared to either used alone.Future clinical studies are warranted to further support the clinical application of PRF bone blocks in bone regeneration procedures. | Mengge Feng Yulan Wang Yan Wei Xiaoxin Zhang Leyi Xiao Zijjian Gong Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi Anton Sculean Richard J Miron Scott Froum Yufeng Zhang | 2022 | Fundamental Research2022，2，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Planted forest is catching up with natural forest in China in terms of carbon density and carbon storage显示文摘Over the last several decades,China has taken multiple measures for afforestation and natural forest protection,including setting the goal of carbon neutrality by the middle of 21th century.In order to support the practice of relevant policies from the scientific perspective,it is essential to precisely estimate the carbon storage of arbor forest,as it plays an important role in the carbon cycle of ecosystems.In this study,we first used the latest four phases of national forest inventory data to investigate the variation of carbon storage for both natural and planted arbor forest in China during the covered period(1999-2018).Then we used machine leaning methods to simulate the carbon density based on various kinds of environmental factors and analyzed the contribution of each influencing factor.Our results demonstrate that the total carbon storage for arbor forest in China kept increasing over the last two decades,but this increment was mainly brought about by the continuous expansion of forest land.The gap of carbon sequestration between natural forest and planted forest showed a significant trend of reduction.Additionally,tree age was identified as the dominant factor for influencing the spatiotemporal variation of carbon density among all the independent variables while the impact of climatic factor was limited.Therefore,the future improvement of carbon sequestration of arbor forest in should mainly rely on additional projects of afforestation,reforestation,green space conservation and reduction of emissions in China.Conclusions of this study have important implications for policy makers and other stakeholders to evaluate the previous achievement of environmental projects and can also help to set future plans and finally realize the goals of carbon neutrality. | Boyi Liang Jia Wang Zheyuan Zhang Jia Zhang Junping Zhang Elizabeth L.Cressey Zong Wang | 2022 | Fundamental Research2022，2，5： | 3 |
| 11 | Telomerase regulation显示文摘 | Catherine Cifuentes-Rojas Dorothy E. Shippen | 2011 | Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis2011，，1： | 3 |
| 12 | Underwater robot sensing technology:A survey显示文摘Underwater robot technologies are crucial for marine resource exploration and autonomous manipulation,and many breakthroughs have been achieved with key indicators(e.g.,dive depth and navigation range).However,due to the complicated underwater environment,the state-of-the-art sensing technologies cannot handle all the needs of underwater observations.To improve the autonomous operating capacity of underwater robots,there is an urgent need to develop underwater sensing technology.Therefore,in this paper,we first introduce the development of underwater robot platforms.We then review some key sensing technologies such as underwater acoustic sensing,underwater optical sensing,underwater magnetic sensing,and underwater bionic sensing.Finally,we point out the challenges of underwater sensing technology and future directions in addressing these challenges,e.g.,underwater bionic sensing,new underwater material development,multisource information fusion,and the construction of general test platforms. | Yang Cong Changjun Gua Tao Zhang Yajun Gao | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，3： | 3 |
| 13 | Big data driven management and decision sciences:A NSFC grand research plan显示文摘In the age of big data,the real world can be reflected by or is increasingly composed of data,giving rise to the emerging digital economy where data become strategic assets and basic elements for industrial productions and social activities.In recent years,decision making for organizations as well as for individuals is more and more data-centric and analytics-based,which has attracted great attention of academia and practitioners to big data research and applications including nationwide initiatives in China and the globe.In this context,an important research initiative on big data was launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)in late 2015 in the form of Grand Research Plan(in brief,the Plan),which is an 8-year joint effort of NSFC’s disciplinary departments(i.e.,of Management Sciences,Information Sciences,Mathematical&Physical Sciences,and Health Sciences).The main ideas and progress of the Plan are highlighted as follows. | Guoqing Chen Yijun Li Qiang Wei | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，5： | 3 |
| 14 | Review on the Progress of AlGaN-based Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes显示文摘AlGaN-based materials have exhibited considerable potential for fabricating ultraviolet(UV)light-emitting diodes(LEDs)owing to their direct,wide,and adjustable energy bandgap.AlGaN-based devices have extensive appli-cability owing to their stable physico-chemical properties.With decades of research effort,significant progress has been achieved in enhancing the working efficiency of AlGaN-based LEDs by optimizing the crystalline qual-ity,doping efficiency,and device design.In this review,methods to obtain high-quality AlGaN-based materials,achieve high doping efficiency,and design UV-LED structures are summarized and discussed.Finally,the issues that need to be addressed in AlGaN-based UV-LED devices are highlighted. | Yuxuan Chen Jianwei Ben Fujun Xu Jinchai Li Yang Chen Xiaojuan Sun Dabing Li | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，6： | 3 |
| 15 | Generation of non-classical states of light and their application in deterministic quantum teleportation显示文摘Non-classical states of light,which include squeezed and entangled states of light,are the cornerstone of quantum mechanics and quantum information sciences.To date,non-classical states of light with much higher quality than before are required to develop high-fidelity quantum information processing and high-precision quantum metrology.Squeezed and entangled states with approximately 10 dB noise below the corresponding shot noise limit have been generated using a series of methods,which means that the noise variance reaches a few percent of the vacuum noise.Quantum teleportation,which means transferring an unknown quantum state from a sending station to a distant receiving station supported by entangled states,is the foundation of quantum computation and quantum communication networks.Quantum teleportation in continuous variable regions is unconditional because the entangled states used are always deterministic.The quantum teleportation distance was recently extended to the order of kilometers,which paves the way for constructing a practical quantum information network. | Zhi-Hui Yan Ji-Liang Qin Zhong-Zhong Qin Xiao-Long Su Xiao-Jun Jia Chang-De Xie Kun-Chi Peng | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Bosonic quantum error correction codes in superconducting quantum circuits显示文摘Quantum information is vulnerable to environmental noise and experimental imperfections,hindering the reli-ability of practical quantum information processors.Therefore,quantum error correction(QEC)that can pro-tect quantum information against noise is vital for universal and scalable quantum computation.Among many different experimental platforms,superconducting quantum circuits and bosonic encodings in superconducting microwave modes are appealing for their unprecedented potential in QEC.During the last few years,bosonic QEC is demonstrated to reach the break-even point,i.e.the lifetime of a logical qubit is enhanced to exceed that of any individual components composing the experimental system.Beyond that,universal gate sets and fault-tolerant operations on the bosonic codes are also realized,pushing quantum information processing towards the QEC era.In this article,we review the recent progress of the bosonic codes,including the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill codes,cat codes,and binomial codes,and discuss the opportunities of bosonic codes in various quantum applications,ranging from fault-tolerant quantum computation to quantum metrology.We also summarize the challenges associated with the bosonic codes and provide an outlook for the potential research directions in the long terms. | Weizhou Cai Yuwei Ma Weiting Wang Chang-Ling Zou Luyan Sun | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Reprogramming of phytopathogen transcriptome by a non-bactericidal pesticide residue alleviates its virulence in rice显示文摘Bacteria equipped with virulence systems based on highly bioactive small molecules can circumvent their host's defense mechanisms.Pathogens employing this strategy are currently threatening global rice production.In the present study,variations in the virulence of the highly destructive Barkholderiaplantarii were observed in different rice-producing regions.The environment-linked variation was not attributable to any known host-related or external factors.Co-occurrence analyses indicated a connection between reduced virulence and 5-Amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol(ATT),a non-bactericidal organic compound.ATT,which accumulates in rice plants during metabolization of specific agrochemicals,was found to reduce virulence factor secretion by B.plantarii up to 88.8%and inhibit pathogen virulence by hijacking an upstream signaling cascade.Detailed assessment of the newly discovered virulence inhibitor resulted in mechanistic insights into positive effects of ATT accumulation in plant tissues.Mechanisms of virulence alleviation were deciphered by integrating high-throughput data,gene knockout mutants,and molecular interaction assays.TroK,a histidine protein kinase in a two-component system that regulates virulence factor secretion,is likely the molecular target antagonized by ATT.Our findings provide novel insights into virulence modulation in an important plant-pathogen system that relies on the host's metabolic activity and subsequent signaling interference. | Haruna Matsumoto Yuan Qian Xiaoyan Fan Sunlu Chen Yanxia Nie Kun Qiao Dandan Xiang Xinzhong Zhang Meng Li Bo Guo Peilin Shen Qiangwei Wang Yunlong Yu Tomislav Cemava Mengcen Wang | 2022 | Fundamental Research2022，2，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Cancer chemopreventive activity and bioavailability of tea and tea polyphenols显示文摘 | Joshua D Lambert Chung S Yang | 2002 | Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis2002，，： | 2 |
| 19 | Personalized cancer vaccines from bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles with antibody-mediated persistent uptake by dendritic cells显示文摘Nanocarriers with intrinsic immune adjuvant properties can activate the innate immune system while delivering tumor antigen,thus efficiently facilitating antitumor adaptive immunity.Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are an excellent candidate due to their abundance of pathogen associated molecular patterns.However,during the uptake of OMVs by dendritic cells(DCs),the interaction between lipopolysaccharide and toll-like receptor 4 induces rapid DC maturation and uptake blockage,a phenomenon we refer to as“maturation-induced uptake obstruction'(MUO).Herein we decorated OMV with the DC-targeting aDEC205 antibody(OMV-DEC),which endowed the nanovaccine with an uptake mechanism termed as 4 | Jie Liang Keman Cheng Yao Li Jiaqi Xu Yiwei Chen Nana Ma Qingqing Feng Fei Zhu Xiaotu Ma Tianjiao Zhang Yale Yue Guangna Liu Xinjing Guo Zhiqiang Chen Xinwei Wang Ruifang Zhao Ying Zhao Jian Shi Xiao Zhao Guangjun Nie | 2022 | Fundamental Research2022，2，1： | 2 |
| 20 | A commentary of Data trusts in MIT Technology Review 2021显示文摘Data trust is an emerging concept in trust typology studies and contemporary legislation on trusts.Trust systems originated in the UK and were developed in the US.In the legal sense,trust refers to the act of trusting a trustee,where the trustor,in accordance with his/her own interests,hands over assets to the trustee to manage.The act of a trustee who manages the data or data rights of a group of individuals is known as data trust.The data trustee manages the client’s data or data rights as well as interests,similar to how a doctor acts in the best interest of a patient.Theoretically,data trusts allow users to exercise their rights as data producers. | Xiaosong Zhang | 2021 | Fundamental Research2021，1，6： | 2 |
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