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| 1 | Damage control orthopaedics: State of the art显示文摘Damage control orthopaedics(DCO) originally consisted of the provisional immobilisation of long bone-mainly femur-fractures in order to achieve the advantages of early treatment and to minimise the risk of complications, such as major pain, fat embolism, clotting, pathological inflammatory response, severe haemorrhage triggering the lethal triad, and the traumatic effects of major surgery on a patient who is already traumatised(the 'second hit' effect). In recent years, new locations have been added to the DCO concept, such as injuries to the pelvis, spine and upper limbs. Nonetheless, this concept has not yet been validated in well-designed prospective studies, and much controversy remains.Indeed, some researchers believe the indiscriminate application of DCO might be harmful and produce substantial and unnecessary expense. In this respect, too,normalised parameters associated with the acid-base system have been proposed,under a concept termed early appropriate care, in the view that this would enable patients to receive major surgical procedures in an approach offering the advantages of early total care together with the apparent safety of DCO. This paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of severely traumatised patients managed in accordance with DCO and highlights the possible drawbacks of this treatment principle. | Enrique Guerado Maria Luisa Bertrand Juan Ramon Cano Ana María Cerván Adolfo Galán | 2019 | World Journal of Orthopedics2019，10，1： | 16 |
| 2 | Maize response to elevated plant density combined with lowered N-fertilizer rate is genotype-dependent显示文摘Increasing plant density and improving N fertilizer rate along with the use of high density-tolerant genotypes would lead to maximizing maize(Zea mays L.) grain productivity per unit land area. The objective of this investigation was to match the functions of optimum plant density and adequate nitrogen fertilizer application to produce the highest possible yields per unit area with the greatest maize genotype efficiency. Six maize inbred lines differing in tolerance to low N and high density(D) [three tolerant(T); L-17, L-18, L-53,and three sensitive(S); L-29, L-54, L-55] were chosen for diallel crosses. Parents and crosses were evaluated in the 2012 and 2013 seasons under three plant densities: low(47,600),medium(71,400), and high(95,200) plants ha-1and three N fertilization rates: low(no N addition), medium(285 kg N ha-1) and high(570 kg N ha-1). The T × T crosses were superior to the S × S and T × S crosses under the low N–high D environment in most studied traits across seasons. The relationships between the nine environments and grain yield per hectare(GYPH) showed near-linear regression functions for inbreds L54, L29, and L55 and hybrids L18 × L53 and L18 × L55 with the highest GYPH at a density of47,600 plants ha-1and N rate of 570 kg N ha-1and a curvilinear relationship for inbreds L17, L18, and L53 and the rest of the hybrids with the highest GYPH at a density of95,200 plants ha-1combined with an N rate of 570 kg N ha-1. Cross L17 × L54 gave the highest grain yield in this study under both high N–high-D(19.9 t ha-1) and medium N–high-D environments(17.6 t ha-1). | Ahmed Medhat M.Al-Naggar Reda A.Shabana Mohamed M.M.Atta Tarek H.Al-Khalil | 2015 | The Crop Journal2015，3，2： | 7 |
| 3 | A study on service capacity of primary medical and health institutions for cervical cancer screening in urban and rural areas in China显示文摘Objective: To provide a decision-making basis for sustainable and effective development of cervical cancer screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study assesses the service capacity to conduct cervical cancer screening with a sample of 310 medical staff, medical institutions and affiliated township health centers from 20 countylevel/district-level areas in 14 Chinese provinces in 2016.Results: The county-level/district-level institutions were the main prescreening institutions for cervical cancer screening. More medical staff have become engaged in screening, with a significantly higher amounts in urban than in rural areas(P<0.05). The number of human papillomavirus(HPV) testers grew the fastest(by 225% in urban and 125% in rural areas) over the course of the project. HPV testing took less time than cytology to complete the same number of screening tasks in both urban and rural areas. The proportion of mid-level professionals was the highest among the medical staff, 40.0% in urban and 44.7% in rural areas(P=0.406), and most medical staff had a Bachelor’s degree, accounting for 76.3% in urban and 52.0% in rural areas(P<0.001). In urban areas, 75.0% were qualified medical staff, compared with 68.0% in rural areas, among which the lowest proportion was observed for rural cytology inspectors(22.7%). The medical equipment for cervical pathology diagnosis in urban areas was better(P<0.001). HPV testing equipment was relatively adequate(typing test equipment was 70% in urban areas, and non-typing testing equipment was 70% in rural areas).Conclusions: The service capacity of cervical cancer screening is insufficient for the health needs of the Chinese population. HPV testing might be an optimal choice to fill the needs of cervical cancer screening given current Chinese medical health service capacity. | Yang Li Li Ma Chunxia Yang Zhangya Chen Yuqian Zhao Le Dang Jinghe Lang Youlin Qiao | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2019，31，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Appropriate Strategies for Rural Houses In Northwest China显示文摘To avoid the old road of urban development with high consumption and high pollution,this paper took the houses in a village near Yinchuan(a typical city of Northwest China)as an exemplary project to explore the appropriate strategies in the arid cold climate for the sustainable development in rural undeveloped areas Northwest China.Firstly,all houses were designed according to the principles of passive solar heating.Secondly,optimized biomass energy technologies such as biogas pit and straw gasification stove were utilized for cooking or heating.Last but not the least important,the ecological building materials such as earth,straw bale,fly ash were used to construct houses,which improves the indoor thermal comfort and meanwhile lowers the negative impact on the environment.Low costs,easy accessibility and habitants' inclination were taken into account in the process of design. | HE Quan,LIU Jia-ping,LU Xiao-hui,YANG Liu(School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710055,China) | 2009 | 湖南大学学报(自然科学版)2009，36，S1： | 5 |
| 5 | Appropriate empirical antibiotic use and 30-d mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacteremia显示文摘AIM: To analyze whether prompt and appropriate empirical antibiotic(AEA) use is associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacteremia. METHODS: A total of 102 episodes of bacteremia in 72 patients with cirrhosis were analyzed. AEA was defined as a using or starting an antibiotic appropriate to the isolated pathogen at the time of bacteremia. The primary endpoint was 30-d mortality. RESULTS: The mortality rate at 30 d was 30.4%(31/102 episodes). Use of AEA was associated with better survival at 30 d(76.5% vs 46.9%, P = 0.05), and inappropriate empirical antibiotic(IEA) use was an independent factor associated with increased mortality(OR = 3.24; 95%CI: 1.50-7.00; P = 0.003, adjusted for age, sex, ChildPugh Class, gastrointestinal bleeding, presence of septic shock). IEA use was more frequent when the isolated pathogen was a multiresistant pathogen, and when infection was healthcare-related or hospital-acquired. CONCLUSION: AEA use was associated with increased survival of cirrhotic patients who developed bacteremia. Strategies for AEA use, tailored according to the local epidemiological patterns, are needed to improve survival of cirrhotic patients with bacteremia. | Hyun Park Ki Jun Jang Won Jang Sang Hoon Park Ji Young Park Tae Joo Jeon Tae Hoon Oh Won Chang Shin Won-Choong Choi Dong Hyun Sinn | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，12： | 4 |
| 6 | Uncertainty of the Numerical Solution of a Nonlinear System’s Long-term Behavior and Global Convergence of the Numerical Pattern显示文摘The computational uncertainty principle in nonlinear ordinary di?erential equations makes the numerical solution of the long-term behavior of nonlinear atmospheric equations have no meaning. The main reason is that, in the error analysis theory of present-day computational mathematics, the non-linear process between truncation error and rounding error is treated as a linear operation. In this paper, based on the operator equations of large-scale atmospheric movement, the above limitation is overcome by using the notion of cell mapping. Through studying the global asymptotic characteristics of the numerical pattern of the large-scale atmospheric equations, the de?nitions of the global convergence and an appropriate discrete algorithm of the numerical pattern are put forward. Three determinant theorems about the global convergence of the numerical pattern are presented, which provide the theoretical basis for constructing the globally convergent numerical pattern. Further, it is pointed out that only a globally convergent numerical pattern can improve the veracity of climatic prediction. | 胡淑娟 丑纪范 | 2004 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2004，21，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Appropriate use criteria for cardiac catheterization and coronaryrevascularization显示文摘Since its inception, the field of invasive and interventionalcardiology has witnessed tremendous procedural andtechnological advancements, thereby offering quantumexpansion in clinical applications. As the complexity ofthe subspecialty continues to grow, so does the need forsystematic guidelines and appropriate utilization criteriafor these procedures. To this end, the American Collegeof Cardiology (ACC), in association with the Societyfor Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions(SCAI) and several other professional societies, hasdeveloped recommended indications for diagnosticcardiac catheterizations and percutaneous coronaryinterventions (PCI) based upon evidence-based literatureor expert concensus. By and large, these guidelines haveemphasized the importance of optimal medical therapy(OMT), regardless of whether an invasive or conservativeapproach is followed. The Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC)aim "to improve patient care and health outcomes in a cost-effective manner while recognizing that some ambiguityand nuance are intrinsic to clinical decision making". | | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，6： | 1 |
| 8 | A Study of the Meaningful Construction of Mental Schema in English Reading Comprehension显示文摘Schemata are abstract structures that represent what one holds to be generally true about the world. What people know exists in schemata hierarchies and this prior knowledge is activated when they encounter new information. Schema theory asserts that reading is an interactive process between the text and the reader. Such interaction involves the readers' prior knowledge of schemata and the actual information in the text. Only be constructing appropriate and meaningful schemata, can readers comprehend the text. | 张静 | 2014 | 海外英语2014，，19： | 0 |
| 9 | Application of appropriate use criteria for percutaneous coronary intervention in Japan显示文摘The aim of this review was to summarize the concept of appropriate use criteria(AUC) regarding percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) and document AUC use and impact on clinical practice in Japan, in comparison with its application in the United States. AUC were originally developed to subjectively evaluate the indications and performance of various diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, including revascularization techniques. Over the years, application of AUC has significantly impacted patient selection for PCI in the United States, particularly in non-acute settings. After the broad implementation of AUC in 2009, the rate of inappropriate PCI decreased by half by 2014. The effect was further accentuated by incorporation of financial incentives(e.g., restriction of reimbursement for inappropriate procedures). On the other hand, when the United States-derived AUC were applied to Japanese patients undergoing elective PCI from 2008 to 2013, about one-third were classified as inappropriate, largely due to the perception gap between American and Japanese experts. For example, PCI for low-risk non-left atrial ascending artery lesion was more likely to be classified as appropriate by Japanese standards, and anatomical imaging with coronary computed tomography angiography was used relatively frequently in Japan, but no scenario within the current AUC includes this modality. To extrapolate the current AUC to Japan or any other region outside of the United States, these local discrepancies must be taken into consideration, and scenarios should be revised to reflect contemporary practice. Understanding the concept of AUC as well as its perception gap between different counties will result in the broader implementation of AUC, and lead to the quality improvement of patients' care in the field of coronary intervention. | Taku Inohara Shun Kohsaka Ikuko Ueda Takashi Yagi Yohei Numasawa Masahiro Suzuki Yuichiro Maekawa Keiichi Fukuda | 2016 | World Journal of Cardiology2016，8，8： | 0 |
| 10 | Learn Grammar in Games显示文摘Grammar learning has often been regarded as a structure based activity .Grammar games which are worth paying attention to and implementing in the classroom can help learner to learn and recall a grammar material in a pleasant, entertaining way and motivate learners,promote the communicative competence and generate the fluency. In this essay, the author compares the use of games in learning grammar with some traditional techniques for grammar presentation and revision, in order to find the advantages of using games. Also the author discusses how to choose appropriate games and when to use games. | 孟静 | 2007 | 科技经济市场2007，，11： | 0 |
| 11 | Proposal of a Component to Restrict Dust from Entering an Oil Hydraulic System through an Oil Hydraulic Cylinder显示文摘This research proposes a component to restrict dust from entering an oil hydraulic system through the rod-seal clearance of an oil hydraulic cylinder.The oil hydraulic cylinder as one of main parts of the hydraulic system,controls position of load by reciprocation.For example,on construction machines such as excavators and graders,the cylinder controls position of folk lift,crane and bucket.However,during operation,dust enters the cylinder,wears seals,causes fluid degradation and affects lubrication of valves,pumps and other parts of hydraulic system.This increases breakdown rate of cylinder and entire system.Thus,it seems necessary to reduce on intrusion of dust into the system via the hydraulic cylinder.In this research,we made an experimental apparatus to simulate intrusion of the dust into system.Results proved that the apparatus is a suitable simulator to realize the intrusion.The proposed component to restrict dust from entering cylinder was fabricated and its performance tested when inserted with various elastic rings.The component gave tremendous results when inserted with O-ring seal and a plastic nylon washer,and can be retrofitted on new and old hydraulic cylinders.It is an appropriate technology especially in developing countries where dust is still a major concern. | Etinot Betty Yasuo Sakurai | 2019 | Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation2019，9，5： | 0 |
| 12 | Sustainable Development Project for a Suburban Community Located in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico显示文摘Rural-urban development project in an ejidal community (portion of common land several owners) is located in the suburban area of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.The place where the community is located has a lagoon that was contaminated with water lily. Now we want to implement a suburban sustainable development project using ecological and appropriate technologies to the community and the place, taking advantage of that body of water to grow fish and as a recreational area for visitors and thus generating food and economic resources in favor of the community with the food sales, boat rentals and recreational spaces.The project adds to the achievement of 12 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations Organization. | Edmundo Arias Torres Bolívar MArias Olguín | 2020 | Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A)2020，9，2： | 0 |
| 13 | Building momentum for sustainable behaviors in developing regions using Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy principles显示文摘Despite the current threat from climate change,plastic collecting in the world's oceans,and the steady loss of biodiversity,the world continually fails to take action with regard to our rapidly changing ecosystem.Unfortunately,waiting on governments to act is no longer a viable option.Rapid change is needed and the pace of diplomacy is simply too slow.Democratic governments are reactionary and taking action to solve future problems is not a priority,even as the threat of potential ecological catastrophe draws ever closer.Change is in the hands of individuals,and it is our decisions and behaviors that will influence the future of our planet and our ability to inhabit it.Therefore,building momentum for sustainable behavior must begin with individuals.The neoliberal approach to environmental protection posits that individuals are motivated by rational self-interest,and that economic incentives are necessary to achieve environmental goals.However,recent research suggests that monetary gain alone actually negatively impacts behavior,and often neglects the rural poor.As a result,models for projects designed to benefit the environment need more than just a monetary incentive,they must incorporate all three pillars of sustainability:environment,economy and society.One approach for building momentum for sustainable behavior with regard to municipal solid waste management,particularly in the developing world,is by implementing Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy(LMDCE)principles.This contribution will describe the role behavioral economics plays in the choices made by producers and consumers.The results of a case study on applying LMDCE principles in Uganda to manage waste plastic accumulation by conversion to fuel oil will be presented. | Chandni Joshi Jeffrey Seay | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2019，27，7： | 0 |
| 14 | Role of Reward and Punishment in Education显示文摘This essay aims at illustrate the important role, of reward and punishment in education from a psychological viewpoint. According to Stimulus and Response theory, reward and punishment are now commonly used by teachers to encourage both congnitive activities and appropriate behaviour in classroom . Either of them can be used to encourage or supervise the students in learning, and rewarding is fawoured. However reward mechanism must be used properly and under control. It should 't be overused. Also, there is a place for punishment in education because errors need to be pointed out and antisocial behaviour should be corrected. It can be applied only when the intensity, duration and timing are carefully considered. In a word , reward system . is undoubtedly to have positive effect while punishment is proved to cause unpredictable result. Those specific informations are mentioned in the essay that follows. | Li Wei (Zunyi Teachers ’ college English Department) | 1999 | 遵义师范高等专科学校学报1999，1，2： | 0 |
| 15 | 浅析怎样使翻译过程中的语言得体(英文) | 杨静文 | 2011 | 海外英语2011，，2X： | 0 |
| 16 | Appropriate Listening Materials in Business English Teaching显示文摘Business English is a branch of ESP(English for specific Purpose),which determines its vocational and professional orient and its focus on learning for reality,work and professions,so applying real and authentic content in Business English teaching is suggested to be helpful both in theory and in practice.However,compared with other L2 skills teaching,to some points,listening input turns out to be problematic and uncertain in terms of utilization and selection of authentic listening materials currently.This article tries to present the problems and analyze to what extent these problems can be tackled by suggesting some appropriate listening materials. | 李丹 | 2015 | 海外英语2015，，8： | 0 |
| 17 | The Application of Code Switching in Private College English Teaching显示文摘The paper presents an overview of code switching in terms of its definition,classification and functions on the part of both teachers and students.The appropriate use of code switching between the target language English and the native language Chinese in classroom teaching will help facilitate private college students’ English proficiency,improve their learning efficiency as well as achieve better classroom teaching effect. | 王艳丽 | 2015 | 校园英语2015，，5： | 0 |
| 18 | SOME PROBLEMS OF LYAPUNOV METHOD IN LINEAR CONTINUOUS-TIME SYSTEM显示文摘In this paper,some problems of Lyapunov method in linear continuous-time systemare discussed.In part 1,some motivations are given.In part 2,in order to get a good estimate ofthe decaying time in the system,the concept of appropriate Lyapunov function is introduced andthe condition of the system is given to guarantee the existence of the appropriate Lyapunov functionAn application of the appropriate Lyapunov function is introduced to give the bound of time varyingperturbation for the stable system.In part 3,some extensions of the Lyapunov asymptotical stabilitytheorem are given,where the condition of the total derivative of the Lyapunov function along thetrajectory of the system can be reduced from negative definiteness to semi-negative definiteness andcommon quadratic forms with some reasonable conditions,the example shows the extensions areinteresting. | 黄琳 许钟灵 | 1991 | Systems Science and Mathematical Sciences1991，4，3： | 0 |
| 19 | Let Nature Do the Work: Effective Strategies for theRestoration of Drastically Disturbed Sites显示文摘Natural systems have been“restoring”disturbed sites(landslides,volcanic eruptions,shoreline erosion,etc.)for millions of years.By understanding how these natural systems operate they can be applied to sites humans disturb(mines,industrial developments,etc.).Natural systems initiate recovery using pioneering species such as willows(Salix spp.),balsam poplar(Populus balsamifera L.)or alder(Alnus spp.).The seeds of these species are designed to travel long distances and use commonly occurring conditions to get established.Balsam poplar and willows have light fluffy seeds that at some times of the year look like snow.They land on puddles or other waterbodies and are blown to the wet mud at the edges of the puddle or on the shore of the waterbody where they germinate and grow.By creating these conditions(making puddles)on a mine site these species can be encouraged to establish on sites that are being reclaimed.The cost of these treatments is a fraction of traditional reclamation costs and because the resulting vegetation is appropriate to the area and the site where it establishes,natural processes can provide effective strategies for the reclamation of mining disturbances.Examples are drawn from the author’s experience. | David Polster | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)2019，8，5： | 0 |
| 20 | Differential Impact of Appropriate Use Criteria on the Association between Age and Abnormal Stress Myocardial Perfusion SPECT显示文摘Background:The diagnostic and prognostic value of appropriate use criteria(AUC)for coronary artery disease(CAD)is well established.Whether the diagnostic yield of AUC for predicting CAD is preserved among the elderly is not known.Methods:We analyzed a multisite prospective cohort of 1511 consecutive patients(age 59±13 years,57%males)who underwent outpatient,community-based single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI).Appropriateness of the studies was determined on the basis of the 2013 multimodality AUC for detection and risk assessment of stable ischemic heart disease.Abnormal SPECT MPI was defi ned by either a summed stress score of 4 or greater or a summed difference score of 2 or greater.Results:Abnormal SPECT MPI was present in 190 patients(12.5%),while ischemia on MPI alone was present in 122 patients(8%).In multivariate logistic regression analysis,age of 60 years or greater,male sex,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and known CAD were independent predictors of abnormal SPET MPI,while appropriate indication for testing was not.Age of 60 years or greater was also an independent predictor of inducible myocardial ischemia,while appropriate indication for testing was not.Among the elderly(≥60 years),regardless of appropriateness of testing,there was no difference in the prevalence of abnormal SPECT(19 vs.14%,P=0.14)or prevalence of SPECT ischemia(11 vs.11%,P=1.00).Among younger patients,however,appropriate testing predicted a greater prevalence of abnormal SPECT(12 vs.7%,P=0.013).Conclusion:In this multisite cohort,testing based on AUC did not discriminate the risk of abnormal SPECT MPI among the elderly.Caution is advised when relying on AUC for referral of elderly patients for SPECT MPI. | Saurabh Malhotra,MD,MPH,FACC,FASNC Rami Doukky,MD,MSc,FACC,FASNC,FASE | 2019 | Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications2019，，B04： | 0 |
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