|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Ecosystem carbon stocks and their changes in China's grasslands显示文摘The knowledge of carbon(C) stock and its dynamics is crucial for understanding the role of grassland ecosystems in China's terrestrial C cycle.To date,a comprehensive assessment on C balance in China's grasslands is still lacking.By reviewing published literature,this study aims to evaluate ecosystem C stocks(both vegetation biomass and soil organic C) and their changes in China's grasslands.Our results are summarized as follows:(1) biomass C density(C stock per area) of China's grasslands differed greatly among previous studies,ranging from 215.8 to 348.1 g C m-2 with an average of 300.2 g C m-2.Likewise,soil C density also varied greatly between 8.5 and 15.1 kg C m-2.In total,ecosystem C stock in China's grasslands was estimated at 29.1 Pg C.(2) Both the magnitude and direction of ecosystem C changes in China's grasslands differed greatly among previous studies.According to recent reports,neither biomass nor soil C stock in China's grasslands showed a significant change during the past 20 years,indicating that grassland ecosystems are C neutral.(3) Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of grassland biomass were closely correlated with precipitation,while changes in soil C stocks exhibited close associations with soil moisture and soil texture.Human activities,such as livestock grazing and fencing could also affect ecosystem C dynamics in China's grasslands. | Anwar MOHAMMAT | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 52 |
| 2 | Biomass carbon stocks and their changes in northern China's grasslands during 1982-2006显示文摘Grassland covers approximately one-third of the area of China and plays an important role in the global terrestrial carbon(C) cycle.However,little is known about biomass C stocks and dynamics in these grasslands.During 2001-2005,we conducted five consecutive field sampling campaigns to investigate above-and below-ground biomass for northern China's grasslands.Using measurements obtained from 341 sampling sites,together with a NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index) time series dataset over 1982-2006,we examined changes in biomass C stock during the past 25 years.Our results showed that biomass C stock in northern China's grasslands was estimated at 557.5 Tg C(1 Tg=1012 g),with a mean density of 39.5 g C m-2 for above-ground biomass and 244.6 g C m-2 for below-ground biomass.An increasing rate of 0.2 Tg C yr-1 has been observed over the past 25 years,but grassland biomass has not experienced a significant change since the late 1980s.Seasonal rainfall(January-July) was the dominant factor driving temporal dynamics in biomass C stock;however,the responses of grassland biomass to climate variables differed among various grassland types.Biomass in arid grasslands(i.e.,desert steppe and typical steppe) was significantly associated with precipitation,while biomass in humid grasslands(i.e.,alpine meadow) was positively correlated with mean January-July temperatures.These results suggest that different grassland ecosystems in China may show diverse responses to future climate changes. | Anwar MOHAMMAT | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 60 |
| 3 | Patterns of above-and belowground biomass allocation in China's grasslands:Evidence from individual-level observations显示文摘Above-and belowground biomass allocation not only influences growth of individual plants,but also influences vegetation structures and functions,and consequently impacts soil carbon input as well as terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling.However,due to sampling difficulties,a considerable amount of uncertainty remains about the root:shoot ratio(R/S),a key parameter for models of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling.We investigated biomass allocation patterns across a broad spatial scale.We collected data on individual plant biomass and systematically sampled along a transect across the temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia as well as in the alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.Our results indicated that the median of R/S for herbaceous species was 0.78 in China's grasslands as a whole.R/S was significantly higher in temperate grasslands than in alpine grasslands(0.84 vs.0.65).The slope of the allometric relationship between above-and belowground biomass was steeper for temperate grasslands than for alpine.Our results did not support the hypothesis that aboveground biomass scales isometrically with belowground biomass.The R/S in China's grasslands was not significantly correlated with mean annual temperature(MAT) or mean annual precipitation(MAP).Moreover,comparisons of our results with previous findings indicated a large difference between R/S data from individual plants and communities.This might be mainly caused by the underestimation of R/S at the individual level as a result of an inevitable loss of fine roots and the overestimation of R/S in community-level surveys due to grazing and difficulties in identifying dead roots.Our findings suggest that root biomass in grasslands tended to have been overestimated in previous reports of R/S. | WANG Liang*,NIU KeChang,YANG YuanHe & ZHOU Peng Department of Ecology,Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China. | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 54 |
| 4 | Carbon density and distribution of six Chinese temperate forests显示文摘Quantifying forest carbon(C) storage and distribution is important for forest C cycling studies and terrestrial ecosystem modeling.Forest inventory and allometric approaches were used to measure C density and allocation in six representative temperate forests of similar stand age(42-59 years old) and growing under the same climate in northeastern China.The forests were an aspen-birch forest,a hardwood forest,a Korean pine plantation,a Dahurian larch plantation,a mixed deciduous forest,and a Mongolian oak forest.There were no significant differences in the C densities of ecosystem components(except for detritus) although the six forests had varying vegetation compositions and site conditions.However,the differences were significant when the C pools were normalized against stand basal area.The total ecosystem C density varied from 186.9 tC hm-2 to 349.2 tC hm-2 across the forests.The C densities of vegetation,detritus,and soil ranged from 86.3-122.7 tC hm-2,6.5-10.5 tC hm-2,and 93.7-220.1 tC hm-2,respectively,which accounted for 39.7% ± 7.1%(mean ± SD),3.3% ± 1.1%,and 57.0% ± 7.9% of the total C densities,respectively.The overstory C pool accounted for > 99% of the total vegetation C pool.The foliage biomass,small root(diameter < 5mm) biomass,root-shoot ratio,and small root to foliage biomass ratio varied from 2.08-4.72 tC hm-2,0.95-3.24 tC hm-2,22.0%-28.3%,and 34.5%-122.2%,respectively.The Korean pine plantation had the lowest foliage production efficiency(total biomass/foliage biomass:22.6 g g-1) among the six forests,while the Dahurian larch plantation had the highest small root production efficiency(total biomass/small root biomass:124.7 g g-1).The small root C density decreased with soil depth for all forests except for the Mongolian oak forest,in which the small roots tended to be vertically distributed downwards.The C density of coarse woody debris was significantly less in the two plantations than in the four naturally regenerated forests.The variability of C allocation patterns in a specific forest is jointly influenced by vegetation type,management history,and local water and nutrient availability.The study provides important data for developing and validating C cycling models for temperate forests. | ZHANG QuanZhi & WANG ChuanKuan* College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 36 |
| 5 | Above-and belowground biomass in relation to envi- ronmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia显示文摘Above- and belowground biomasses of grasslands are important parameters for characterizing re- gional and global carbon cycles in grassland ecosystems. Compared with the relatively detailed in- formation for aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) is poorly reported at the re- gional scales. The present study, based on a total of 113 sampling sites in temperate grassland of the Inner Mongolia, investigated regional distribution patterns of AGB, BGB, vertical distribution of roots, and their relationships with environmental factors. AGB and BGB increased from the southwest to the northeast of the study region. The largest biomass occurred in meadow steppe, with mean AGB and BGB of 196.7 and 1385.2 g/m2, respectively; while the lowest biomass occurred in desert steppe, with an AGB of 56.6 g/m2 and a BGB of 301.0 g/m2. In addition, about 47% of root biomass was distributed in the top 10 cm soil. Further statistical analysis indicated that precipitation was the primary determinant factor in shaping these distribution patterns. Vertical distribution of roots was significantly affected by precipitation, while the effects of soil texture and grassland types were weak. | MA WenHong1,2, YANG YuanHe1, HE JinSheng1, ZENG Hui1,2 & FANG JingYun1 1 Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 School of Environment & Urban Study, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，3： | 34 |
| 6 | Changes in plant biomass and species composition of alpine Kobresia meadows along altitudinal gradient on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Alpine Kobresia meadows are major vegetation types on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. There is growing concern over their relationships among biodiversity, productivity and environments. Despite the im-portance of species composition, species richness, the type of different growth forms, and plant bio-mass structure for Kobresia meadow ecosystems, few studies have been focused on the relationship between biomass and environmental gradient in the Kobresia meadow plant communities, particularly in relation to soil moisture and edaphic gradients. We measured the plant species composition, her-baceous litter, aboveground and belowground biomass in three Kobresia meadow plant communities in Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station from 2001 to 2004. Community differences in plant species composition were reflected in biomass distribution. The total biomass showed a de-crease from 13196.96±719.69 g/m2 in the sedge-dominated K. tibetica swamp to 2869.58±147.52 g/m2 in the forb and sedge dominated K. pygmaea meadow, and to 2153.08±141.95 g/m2 in the forbs and grasses dominated K. humilis along with the increase of altitude. The vertical distribution of below-ground biomass is distinct in the three meadow communities, and the belowground biomass at the depth of 0-10 cm in K. tibetica swamp meadow was significantly higher than that in K. humilis and K. pygmaea meadows (P<0.01). The herbaceous litter in K. tibetica swamp was significantly higher than those in K. pygnaeca and K. humilis meadows. The effects of plant litter are enhanced when ground water and soil moisture levels are raised. The relative importance of litter and vegetation may vary with soil water availability. In the K. tibetica swamp, total biomass was negatively correlated to species richness (P<0.05); aboveground biomass was positively correlated to soil organic matter, soil moisture, and plant cover (P<0.05); belowground biomass was positively correlated with soil moisture (P<0.05). However, in the K. pygnaeca and K. humilis meadow communities, aboveground biomass was posi-tively correlated to soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen (P<0.05). This suggests that the distribu-tion of biomass coincided with soil moisture and edaphic gradient in alpine meadows. | WANG ChangTing1,3, CAO GuangMin1, WANG QiLan1, JING ZengChun1, DING LuMing1 & LONG RuiJun2 1 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China 2 College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730070, China 3 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，1： | 31 |
| 7 | Warming changes plant competitive hierarchy in a temperate steppe in northern China显示文摘Aims Quantifying changes in plant growth and interspecific interactions,both of which can alter dominance of plant species,will facilitate explanation and projection of the shifts in species composition and community structure in terrestrial biomes expected under global warming.We used an experimental warming treatment to examine the potential influence of global warming on plant growth and interspecific interactions in a temperate steppe in northern China.Materials and methods Six dominant plant species were grown in monoculture and all 15 two-species mixtures for one growing season under ambient and elevated temperatures in the field.Temperature was manipulated with infrared radiators.Important findings Total biomass of all the six plant species was increased by 34–63%in monocultures and 20–76%in mixtures.The magnitude of the warming effect on biomass was modified by plant interactions.Experimental warming changed the hierarchies of both competitive response and competitive effect.The competitive ability(in terms of response and effect)of one C4 grass(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)was suppressed,while the competitive abilities of one C3 forb(Artemisia capillaris)and one C3 grass(Stipa krylovii)were enhanced by experimental warming.The demonstrated alterations in growth and plant interactions may lead to changes in community structure and biodiversity in the temperate steppe in a warmer world in the future. | Shuli Niu Shiqiang Wan | 2008 | Journal of Plant Ecology2008，1，2： | 31 |
| 8 | Estimation of biomass in wheat using random forest regression algorithm and remote sensing data显示文摘Wheat biomass can be estimated using appropriate spectral vegetation indices.However,the accuracy of estimation should be further improved for on-farm crop management.Previous studies focused on developing vegetation indices,however limited research exists on modeling algorithms.The emerging Random Forest(RF) machine-learning algorithm is regarded as one of the most precise prediction methods for regression modeling.The objectives of this study were to(1) investigate the applicability of the RF regression algorithm for remotely estimating wheat biomass,(2) test the performance of the RF regression model,and(3) compare the performance of the RF algorithm with support vector regression(SVR) and artificial neural network(ANN) machine-learning algorithms for wheat biomass estimation.Single HJ-CCD images of wheat from test sites in Jiangsu province were obtained during the jointing,booting,and anthesis stages of growth.Fifteen vegetation indices were calculated based on these images.In-situ wheat above-ground dry biomass was measured during the HJ-CCD data acquisition.The results showed that the RF model produced more accurate estimates of wheat biomass than the SVR and ANN models at each stage,and its robustness is as good as SVR but better than ANN.The RF algorithm provides a useful exploratory and predictive tool for estimating wheat biomass on a large scale in Southern China. | Li'ai Wang Xudong Zhou Xinkai Zhu Zhaodi Dong Wenshan Guo | 2016 | The Crop Journal2016，4，3： | 30 |
| 9 | Biomass gasification technology:The state of the art overview显示文摘In the last decades the interest in the biomass gasification process has increased due to the growing attention to the use of sustainable energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source and represents a valid alternative to fossil fuels. Gasification is the thermochemical conversion of an organic material into a valuable gaseous product, called syngas, and a solid product, called char. The biomass gasification represents an efficient process for the production of power and heat and the production of hydrogen and second-generation biofuels.This paper deals with the state of the art biomass gasification technologies, evaluating advantages and disadvantages, the potential use of the syngas and the application of the biomass gasification. Syngas cleaning though fundamental to evaluate any gasification technology is not included in this paper since; in the authors' opinion, a dedicated review is necessary. | Antonio Molino Simeone Chianese Dino Musmarra | 2016 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2016，25，1： | 28 |
| 10 | Carbon and nitrogen storage in an age-sequence of Pinus densiflora stands in Korea显示文摘The carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) storage capabilities of Pinus densiflora in six different stand ages(10,27,30,32,44,and 71 years old) were investigated in Korea.Thirty sample trees were destructively harvested and 12 were excavated.Samples from the above and belowground tree components,coarse woody debris(CWD),forest floor,and mineral soil(0-30 cm) were collected.Tree biomass was highest in the 71-year-old stand(202.8 t ha-1) and lowest in the 10-year-old stand(18.4 t ha-1).C and N storage in the mineral soil was higher in the 71-year-old stand than in the other stands,mainly due to higher soil C and N concentrations.Consequently,the total ecosystem C and N storage(tree+forest floor+CWD+soil) was positively correlated with stand age:increasing from a minimum in the 10 year old stand(18.8 t C ha-1 and 1.3 t N ha-1) to a maximum in the 71-year-old stand(201.4 t C ha-1 and 8.5 t N ha-1).The total ecosystem C storage showed a similar sigmoidal pattern to that of tree C storage as a function of the age-sequence,while N storage in the CWD,forest floor and mineral soil showed no significant temporal trends.Our results provide important insights that will increase our understanding of C and N storage in P.densiflora stands and our ability to predict changes according to stand age in the region. | NOH Nam-Jin SON Yowhan LEE Sue-Kyoung SEO Kyung-Won HEO Su-Jin1 YI Myong-Jong PARK Pil-Sun KIM Rae-Hyun SON Yeong-Mo LEE Kyeong-Hak | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 24 |
| 11 | The biomass and aboveground net primary productivity of Schima superba-Castanopsis carlesii forests in east China显示文摘The biomass and productivity of Schima superba-Castanopsis carlesii forests in Tiantong,Zhejiang Province,were determined using overlapping quadrants and stem analyses.The total community biomass was(225.3±30.1) t hm-2,of which the aboveground parts accounted for 72.0% and the underground parts accounted for 28.0%.About 87.2% of biomass existed in the tree layer.The resprouting biomass was small,of which over 95.0% occurred in the shrub layer.The productivity of the aboveground parts of the community was(386.8±98.9) g m-2a-1,in which more than 96.0% was present at the tree level.The trunk's contribution to productivity was the greatest,while that of leaves was the smallest.In China,the community biomass of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests differs significantly with the age of the forest.The community biomass of the 52-year-old S.superba-C.carlesii forests in this study was lower than the average biomass of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests in China,and was lower than the biomass of other subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests elsewhere in the world.Moreover,its productivity was lower than the model estimate,indicating that without disturbance,this community has great developmental potential in terms of community biomass and productivity. | YANG TongHui1,2,SONG Kun1,DA LiangJun1*,LI XiuPeng3 & WU JianPing1 1School of Resources and Environment Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China 2Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science,Ningbo 315040,China 3Ningbo Technology Extension Center for Forestry and Specialty Forest Products,Ningbo 315012,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 23 |
| 12 | Estimating forest aboveground biomass using HJ-1 Satellite CCD and ICESat GLAS waveform data显示文摘The ecosystem in northeastern China and the Russian Far East is a hotspot of scientific research into the global carbon balance.Forest aboveground biomass(AGB) is an important component in the land surface carbon cycle.In this study,using forest inventory data and forest distribution data,the AGB was estimated for forest in Daxinganlin in northeastern China by combining charge-coupled device(CCD) data from the Small Satellite for Disaster and Environment Monitoring and Forecast(HJ-1) and Geoscience Laser Altimeter System(GLAS) waveform data from the Ice,Cloud and land Elevation Satellite(ICESat).The forest AGB prediction models were separately developed for different forest types in the research area at GLAS footprint level from GLAS waveform parameters and field survey plot biomass in the Changqing(CQ) Forest Center,which was calculated from forest inventory data.The resulted statistical regression models have a R2=0.68 for conifer and R2=0.71 for broadleaf forests.These models were used to estimate biomass for all GLAS footprints of forest located in the study area.All GLAS footprint biomass coupled with various spectral reflectivity parameters and vegetation indices derived from HJ-1 satellite CCD data were used in multiple regression analyses to establish biomass prediction models(R2=0.55 and R2=0.52 for needle and broadleaf respectively).Then the models were used to produce a forest AGB map for the whole study area using the HJ-1 data.Biomass data obtained from forest inventory data of the Zhuanglin(ZL) Forest Center were used as independent field measurements to validate the AGB estimated from HJ-1 CCD data(R2=0.71).About 80% of biomass samples had an error less than 20 t ha-1,and the mean error of all validation samples is 5.74 t ha-1.The pixel-level biomass map was then stratified into different biomass levels to illustrate the AGB spatial distribution pattern in this area.It was found that HJ-1 wide-swath data and GLAS waveform data can be combined to estimate forest biomass with good precision,and the biomass data can be used as input data for future carbon budget analysis. | GUO ZhiFeng1,CHI Hong1,2 & SUN GuoQing1,3 1State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University,Institute of Remote Sensing Applications,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3Department of Geography University of Maryland,College Park,MD 20742,USA | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，S1： | 21 |
| 13 | Biomass and carbon dynamics of a tropical mountain rain forest in China显示文摘Biometric inventories for 25 years,from 1983 to 2005,indicated that the Jianfengling tropical mountain rain forest in Hainan,China,was either a source or a modest sink of carbon.Overall,this forest was a small carbon sink with an accumulation rate of(0.56±0.22) Mg C ha-1yr-1,integrated from the long-term measurement data of two plots(P9201 and P8302).These findings were similar to those for African and American rain forests((0.62±0.23) Mg C ha-1yr-1).The carbon density varied between(201.43±29.38) Mg C ha-1 and(229.16±39.2) Mg C ha-1,and averaged(214.17±32.42) Mg C ha-1 for plot P9201.Plot P8302,however,varied between(223.95±45.92) Mg C ha-1 and(254.85±48.86) Mg C ha-1,and averaged(243.35±47.64) Mg C ha-1.Quadratic relationships were found between the strength of carbon sequestration and heavy rainstorms and dry months.Precipitation and evapotranspiration are two major factors controlling carbon sequestration in the tropical mountain rain forest. | CHEN DeXiang1*,LI YiDe1,LIU HePing2,XU Han1,XIAO WenFa3,LUO TuShou1,ZHOU Zhang4 & LIN MingXian1 1Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China 2Department of Physics,Atmospheric Science and Geoscience,Jackson State University,MS 39217,USA 3Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China 4Department of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100872,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 20 |
| 14 | Changes in individual plant traits and biomass allocation in alpine meadow with elevation variation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Plant traits and individual plant biomass allocation of 57 perennial herbaceous species,belonging to three common functional groups (forbs,grasses and sedges) at subalpine (3700 m ASL),alpine (4300 m ASL) and subnival (≥5000 m ASL) sites were examined to test the hypothesis that at high altitudes,plants reduce the proportion of aboveground parts and allocate more biomass to belowground parts,especially storage organs,as altitude increases,so as to geminate and resist environmental stress.However,results indicate that some divergence in biomass allocation exists among organs.With increasing altitude,the mean fractions of total biomass allocated to aboveground parts decreased.The mean fractions of total biomass allocation to storage organs at the subalpine site (7%±2% S.E.) were distinct from those at the alpine (23%±6%) and subnival (21%±6%) sites,while the proportions of green leaves at all altitudes remained almost constant.At 4300 m and 5000 m,the mean fractions of flower stems decreased by 45% and 41%,respectively,while fine roots increased by 86% and 102%,respectively.Specific leaf areas and leaf areas of forbs and grasses deceased with rising elevation,while sedges showed opposite trends.For all three functional groups,leaf area ratio and leaf area root mass ratio decreased,while fine root biomass increased at higher altitudes.Biomass allocation patterns of alpine plants were characterized by a reduction in aboveground reproductive organs and enlargement of fine roots,while the proportion of leaves remained stable.It was beneficial for high altitude plants to compensate carbon gain and nutrient uptake under low temperature and limited nutrients by stabilizing biomass investment to photosynthetic structures and increasing the absorption surface area of fine roots.In contrast to forbs and grasses that had high mycorrhizal infection,sedges had higher single leaf area and more root fraction,especially fine roots. | MA WeiLing1,2,SHI PeiLi1*,LI WenHua1,HE YongTao1,ZHANG XianZhou1,SHEN ZhenXi1 & CHAI SiYue1,2 1Lhasa National Ecological Research Station,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，9： | 19 |
| 15 | Nanocellulose:Extraction and application显示文摘Recently,nanocellulose and its applications gain high attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties,high surface area,rich hydroxyl groups for modification,and natural properties with 100%environmental friendliness.In this review,the background of nanocellulose originated from lignocellulosic biomass and the typical extraction methods and general applications are summarized,in which the nanocellulose extraction methods related to ball milling are mainly introduced.Also,an outlook on its future is given.It is expected to provide guidance on the effective extraction of nanocellulose from biomass and its most possible applications in the future. | Patchiya Phanthong Prasert Reubroycharoen Xiaogang Hao Guangwen Xu Abuliti Abudula Guoqing Guan | 2018 | Carbon Resources Conversion2018，1，1： | 17 |
| 16 | Impacts of ozone on the biomass and yield of rice in open top chambers显示文摘The impacts of different O 3 concentration on the biomass and yield of rice were studied by using OTC 1 open top chambers. Experimental treatments included the activated charcoal filtered air (CFA), 50 nl/L (CF50), 100 nl/L (CF100) and 200 nl/L (CF200) concentrations of O 3. The O 3 treatments significantly decreased the total biomass per plant. The elevated O 3 exposure resulted in a more decrease in the root growth than in the shoot growth. Assessments of yield characteristics at the final harvest revealed an O 3 induced decrease in the number of grains per plant, resulting from fewer ears per plant, fewer grains per ear and more unfilled grains per ear. The 1000 grain dry weight and the harvest index (HI) were not changed significantly under 50 nl/L or 100 nl/L O 3 exposure, but reduced by 17.0% and 4.8% by 200nl/L O 3 treatment, respectively. Compared to the CFA treatment, CF50, CF100 and CF200 treatments caused a 8.2%, 26.1%, 49.1% decrease of the grain yield per plant, and a 14 2%, 31 7%, 51 7% decrease of the total biomass per plant, respectively. Linear regression showed that the 7h-daily mean O 3 concentration exposure for 3 months (July September) and AOT40 (cumulative exposure accumulation over threshold 40 nl/L) were well correlated with the relative grain yield. A yield loss of 10% was estimated to be at 46 9 nl/L O 3 for 7h daily mean O 3 concentration exposure or at 12930 nl/(L·h) O 3 for AOT40. | Jin, MB Feng, ZW Zhang, FZ | 2001 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2001，13，2： | 16 |
| 17 | Application of deep eutectic solvents in biomass pretreatment and conversion显示文摘Biomass is renewable, abundant, cheap, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials and has been used to produce chemicals, materials,energy, and fuels. However, most of the biomass, especially most of the biomass polymers are not soluble in common solvents, which hinders their pretreatment and conversion. Deep eutectic solvents(DESs) are environmental-friendly, cheap, and highly tunable, with high solubility,which renders them potential applications in biomass pretreatment and conversion. They could be used as solvents or catalysts and so on. This paper intends to review the application of DESs for the pretreatment of biomass and conversion of biomass to value-added products. We focus on the following topics related to biomass and DESs:(1) DESs for the pretreatment of biomass;(2) DESs for the dissolution and separation of biomass or extraction of chemicals from biomass;(3) DESs for biomass conversion;(4) Drawbacks, and recyclability of DESs for pretreatment and conversion of biomass. | Yu Chen Tiancheng Mu | 2019 | Green Energy & Environment2019，4，2： | 15 |
| 18 | 农艺措施对干旱区棉田土壤有机碳及微生物量碳含量的影响显示文摘目的探讨干旱区绿洲棉田农艺措施对土壤有机碳(SOC)及微生物量碳含量(MBC)的影响,揭示农艺措施对农田生态系统土壤碳稳定性的影响机制,为干旱区农业资源高效利用及可持续发展提供理论依据。方法试验采用裂裂区设计,以膜下滴灌和常规漫灌2种灌溉方式为主区,秸秆还田与秸秆不还田2种处理为裂区,4种施肥处理:单施有机肥(为腐熟鸡粪,OM)、单施氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+OM)和不施肥(CK)为裂裂区。于棉花出苗后开始测定土壤异氧呼吸强度,并于每年棉花收获期采集土壤样品,测定和分析不同农艺措施下绿洲棉田土壤有机碳及微生物量碳含量。结果干旱区绿洲棉田不同农艺措施两两交互及3种措施交互作用下土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量表层0—20 cm含量均最高,其下层随着土壤深度的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,至40—60 cm土层降至最低。不同农艺措施下,土壤有机碳含量变化表现为,与常规漫灌方式相比,膜下滴灌方式增加了2.5%—3.0%,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田增加了2.3%—6.3%,与CK处理相比,(NPK+OM)处理土壤有机碳含量增加了14.3%—16.8%,且(NPK+OM)/OM处理土壤有机碳含量显著大于CK/NPK处理(P<0.05)。土壤微生物量碳含量为膜下滴灌方式比常规漫灌方式增加了21.9%—34.3%,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田增加了12.1%—29.4%,与CK处理相比,(NPK+OM)处理土壤微生物量碳含量增加了83.9%—151.0%。棉田土壤微生物熵(q MB)的大小变化在灌溉处理间表现为膜下滴灌>常规漫灌方式,秸秆处理间为秸秆还田>秸秆不还田处理,施肥处理间土壤微生物熵在0—40 cm土层显著大于40—60 cm土层,且不同土层间(NPK+OM)处理土壤微生物熵为最大,其次分别为OM、NPK、CK处理。棉田土壤微生物代谢熵(q CO2)大小变化在不同灌溉处理间表现为膜下滴灌低于常规漫灌方式,秸秆处理间为秸秆还田低于秸秆不还田处理,施肥处理间为(NPK+OM) | 张前兵 杨玲 张旺锋 罗宏海 张亚黎 王进 | 2014 | 中国农业科学2014，47，22： | 14 |
| 19 | Review of renewable energy-based hydrogen production processes for sustainable energy innovation显示文摘In this review,we primarily analyze the hydrogen production technologies based on water and biomass,including the economic,technological,and environmental impacts of different types of hydrogen production technologies based on these materials,and comprehensively compare them.Our analyses indicate that all renewable energy-based approaches for hydrogen production are more environmentally friendly than fossil-based hydrogen generation approaches.However,the technical ease and economic efficiency of hydrogen production from renewable sources of energy needs to be further improved in order to be applied on a large scale.Compared with other renewable energy-based methods,hydrogen production via biomass electrolysis has several advantages,including the ease of directly using raw biomass.Furthermore,its environmental impact is smaller than other approaches.Moreover,using a noble metal,catalyst-free anode for this approach can ensure a considerably low power consumption,which makes it a promising candidate for clean and efficient hydrogen production in the future. | Mengjiao Wang Guizhou Wang Zhenxin Sun Yukui Zhang Dong Xu | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，5： | 14 |
| 20 | Biomass pyrolysis: A review of the process development and challenges from initial researches up to the commercialisation stage显示文摘Lignocellulosic biomass can be convert to a condensable liquid named bio-oil,a solid product named as char and a mixture of gaseous products comprising CO2,CO,H2,CH4,etc.In recent years,much effort has been made on the investigation of conversion of biomass through pyrolysis.However,commercialisation of the biomass pyrolysis technology is still challenging due to various issues such as the deleterious properties of bio-oil including the low heating value and the high instability at elevated temperatures.To overcome such issues,many processes,reactors and catalysts have been developed for pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of biomass.A state to the art of pyrolysis or catalytic pyrolysis of biomass need to be summarised to have an overall evaluation of the technologies,in order to provide a useful reference for the further development of pyrolysis technology.This study reviews the various pyrolysis process,especially focus on the effects of essential parameters,the process design,the reactors and the catalysts on the pyrolysis process.In addition,progress in commercialisation of pyrolysis technology was also reviewed and the remaining issues in the process of commercialisation were discussed. | Xun Hu Mortaza Gholizadeh | 2019 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2019，28，12： | 13 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员