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| 1 | Recent advances of microneedles for biomedical applications: drug delivery and beyond显示文摘The microneedle(MN), a highly efficient and versatile device, has attracted extensive scientific and industrial interests in the past decades due to prominent properties including painless penetration, low cost, excellent therapeutic efficacy, and relative safety. The robust microneedle enabling transdermal delivery has a paramount potential to create advanced functional devices with superior nature for biomedical applications. In this review, a great effort has been made to summarize the advance of microneedles including their materials and latest fabrication method, such as three-dimensional printing(3DP). Importantly, a variety of representative biomedical applications of microneedles such as disease treatment, immunobiological administration, disease diagnosis and cosmetic field, are highlighted in detail. At last, conclusions and future perspectives for development of advanced microneedles in biomedical fields have been discussed systematically. Taken together, as an emerging tool, microneedles have showed profound promise for biomedical applications. | Jian Yang Xinli Liu Yunzhi Fu Yujun Song | 2019 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2019，9，3： | 21 |
| 2 | A Review on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications and Risks in Environment and Health显示文摘Graphene-based nanomaterials(GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing:(1) the history, synthesis,structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications;(2) GBNs uses as therapeutics,drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials;(3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and(4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs. | Thabitha P.Dasari Shareena Danielle McShan Asok K.Dasmahapatra Paul B.Tchounwou | 2018 | Nano-Micro Letters2018，10，3： | 18 |
| 3 | In vitro corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance of noveltin dioxide-doped calcium phosphate coating on degradable Mg-1Li-1Ca alloy显示文摘A SnO_2-doped calcium phosphate(Ca-P-Sn) coating was constructed on Mg-1 Li-1 Ca alloy by a hydrothermal process. The fabricated functional coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). A triple-layered structure, which is composed of Ca_3(PO_4)_2,(Ca, Mg)_3(PO_4)_2, SnO_2, and MgHPO_4·3 H_2O, is evident and leads to the formation of Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2 in Hank's solution. Electrochemical measurements, hydrogen evolution tests and plating counts reveal that the corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity were improved through the coating treatment. The embedded SnO_2 nanoparticles enhanced crystallisation of the coating.The formation and degradation mechanisms of the coating were discussed. | Lan-Yue Cui Guang-Bin Wei Zhuang-Zhuang Han Rong-Chang Zeng Lei Wang Yu-Hong Zou Shuo-Qi Li Dao-Kui Xu Shao-Kang Guan | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，3： | 14 |
| 4 | Genome tagging project: tag every protein in mice through ’artificial spermatids’显示文摘The Human Genome Project(HGP),launched in 1990 and finished in 2004,has not only provided the complete human genome sequence of more than 2.85 billion nucleotides and evidence of 20 000-25 000 protein-coding genes[1];but has also been making huge impacts on biomedical research.One major task of the post-genomic era is to develop the definitive catalog of proteincoding genes,and illustrate proteins*in vivo dynamic localization and physical interaction. | Jing Jiang Meng Yan Dangsheng Li Jinsong Li | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 9 |
| 5 | Cell membrane-covered nanoparticles as biomaterials显示文摘Surface engineering of synthetic carriers is an essential and important strategy for drug delivery in vivo.However,exogenous properties make synthetic nanosystems invaders that easily trigger the passive immune clearance mechanism,increasing the retention effect caused by the reticuloendothelial systems and bioadhesion,finally leading to low therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects.Recently,a cell membrane cloaking technique has been reported as a novel interfacing approach from the biological/immunological perspective,and has proved useful for improving the performance of synthetic nanocarriers in vivo.After cell membrane cloaking,nanoparticles not only acquire the physiochemical properties of natural cell membranes but also inherit unique biological functions due to the presence of membrane-anchored proteins,antigens,and immunological moieties.The derived biological properties and functions,such as immunosuppressive capability,long circulation time,and targeted recognition integrated in synthetic nanosystems,have enhanced their potential in biomedicine in the future.Here,we review the cell membrane-covered nanosystems,highlight their novelty,introduce relevant biomedical applications,and describe the future prospects for the use of this novel biomimetic system constructed from a combination of cell membranes and synthetic nanomaterials. | Mingjun Xuan Jingxin Shao Junbai Li | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 9 |
| 6 | Recent progress of nanogenerators acting as biomedical sensors in vivo显示文摘Since the nanogenerator(NG) was invented in 2006, it has been successfully developed and utilized to harvest various forms of mechanical energy in vivo. The NGs promote the progress of self-powered biomedical devices. Moreover, NGs can also be used as sensors to detect a variety of important physiological signals, which brings us closer to real-time, high-fidelity monitoring of physical and pathological information. This paper summarizes the in vivo applications of NGs as biomedical sensors, including in cardiac sensors, respiration sensors, blood pressure sensors, gastrointestinal sensors and bladder sensors.However, there are still many challenges in using NGs as sensors in vivo. For example, how can we minimize and encapsulate the NGs, how can we increase the stability and reliability during long-term detection, and how can we establish a corresponding relationship between the NG’s electrical output and the physiological signals. It is also critical to follow the medical principles more closely in the development of self-powered sensors in the future. We believe that the self-powered sensors would promote the development of the next-generation healthcare monitoring systems. | Jinyan Sun Anping Yang Chaochao Zhao Fang Liu Zhou Li | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，18： | 9 |
| 7 | Poly(ethylene glycol) conjugated nano-graphene oxide for photodynamic therapy显示文摘A novel methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) modified nano-graphene oxide(NGO-mPEG) was designed and synthesized as a photosensitizer(PS) carrier for photodynamic therapy of cancer.NGO with a size below 200 nm was prepared using a modified Hummers' method.NGO was observed by AFM to exhibit a structure with single-layer graphene oxide sheets down to a few nanometers in height.Hydrophilic mPEG conjugation of NGO(NGO-mPEG) was found to enhance solubility in cell culture media.No apparent cytotoxicity of the NGO-mPEG was observed towards MCF-7 carcinoma cell line.Zinc phthalocyanine(ZnPc),a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy,was loaded in the NGO-PEG through π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions,with the drug loading efficiency up to 14 wt%.Hydrophobic ZnPc was internalized in MCF-7 cells,exhibiting a pronounced phototoxicity in the cells under Xe light irradiation.The results indicate a great potential of NGO-mPEG for photodynamic therapy of cancer. | Pilger FRANK | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，11： | 8 |
| 8 | A promising diagnostic method:Terahertz pulsed imaging and spectroscopy显示文摘The terahertz band lies between the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.This radiation has very low photon energy and thus it does not pose any ionization hazard for biological tissues.It is strongly attenuated by water and very sensitive to water content.Unique absorption spectra due to intermolecular vibrations in this region have been found in different biological materials.These unique features make tera-hertz imaging very attractive for medical applications in order to provide complimentary information to existing imaging techniques.There has been an increasing interest in terahertz imaging and spectroscopy of biologically related applications within the last few years and more and more terahertz spectra are being reported.This paper introduces terahertz technology and provides a short review of recent advances in terahertz imaging and spectroscopy techniques,and a number of applications such as molecular spectroscopy,tissue characterization and skin imaging are discussed. | Ming Yiu Sy Yi-Xiang J Wang Anil T Ahuja Emma Pickwell-MacPherson | 2011 | World Journal of Radiology2011，3，3： | 7 |
| 9 | Development of biomedical publications on ametropia research in PubMed from 1845 to 2010:a bibliometric analysis显示文摘We have carried out a bibliometric analysis on the development of ametropia literature to determine its growth rule and tendency,and to provide the basis for the problems related to ametropia research.Literatures that contained the descriptors of ametropia in title or paper published before Nov.10,2010 in PubMed databases(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Pubmed) were selected.As bibliometric indicators of ametropia,biomedical journals referring to ophthalmology by ISSN were calculated.The principal bibliometric indicators:Price's and Bradford's laws were applied on the increase or dispersion of scientific literature,the participation index of languages and the journals.By means of manual coding,literatures were classified according to documents study and statistical analysis.The literatures cited in ametropia,astigmatism,myopia and hypermetropia had accumulated to 26475,which consists of Review(n =1560),Randomized Controlled Trial(n =776),Practice Guideline(n =10),Meta-Analysis(n =23),Letter(n =1222),Editorial(n =328),Clinical Trial(n =1726) and Others(n =20830);and Humans(n =23073),Animals(n=1434) and Others(n =1968).1136 literatures were included in PubMed Central,22384 in MEDLINE and 2955 in others.The ametropia literatures rose every 5 years which of the ametropia-year cumulated amount of the literatures had three periods:before 1900,slowly increasing from 1901 to 1950,rapidly rising from 1951 to 2010(increased approximate exponentiation exponent).Sixty kinds of languages were listed in PubMed databases,of which English was dominant for aborting to ametropia research documents before 2010(77.32%,20471/26475).The document language of top eight accounted for 95.58%(English,German,French,Japanese,Russian,Italian,Spanish,Chinese),and others for 4.42%(1171/26475).The SCI database includes 48 ophthalmologic journals and the impact factor of 39 journals is ≥ 1 on Thomson-Reuters in 2010.Of 48 ophthalmologic journals,there were 14785 documents(55.85%) of ametropia,astigmatism,myopia,and hypermetropia.Others were without exception.The bibliometric analysis results show that ametropia literature are increased progressively,approximate exponentiation exponent during 1951-2010.In addition,ametropia research has become more popular since nearly half century. | Chang-Tai Xu, Bo-Rong Pan | 2011 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2011，4，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Biobased polyurethanes for biomedical applications显示文摘Polyurethanes(PUs)are a major family of polymers displaying a wide spectrum of physico-chemical,mechanical and structural properties for a large range of fields.They have shown suitable for biomedical applications and are used in this domain since decades.The current variety of biomass available has extended the diversity of starting materials for the elaboration of new biobased macromolecular architectures,allowing the development of biobased PUs with advanced properties such as controlled biotic and abiotic degradation.In this frame,new tunable biomedical devices have been successfully designed.PU structures with precise tissue biomimicking can be obtained and are adequate for adhesion,proliferation and differentiation of many cell’s types.Moreover,new smart shape-memory PUs with adjustable shape-recovery properties have demonstrated promising results for biomedical applications such as wound healing.The fossil-based starting materials substitution for biomedical implants is slowly improving,nonetheless better renewable contents need to be achieved for most PUs to obtain biobased certifications.After a presentation of some PU generalities and an understanding of a biomaterial structure-biocompatibility relationship,recent developments of biobased PUs for non-implantable devices as well as short-and long-term implants are described in detail in this review and compared to more conventional PU structures. | Sophie Wendels Luc Av´erous | 2021 | Bioactive Materials2021，6，4： | 6 |
| 11 | Luminescent metal nanoclusters for biomedical applications显示文摘Luminescent metal nanoclusters (NCs) have recently emerged as a novel class of luminescent nanomaterials and hold significant potential in biomedicine owing to their ultrasmall (<2nm) size,excellent photostability,and good biocompatibility.The recent rapid advances in the synthesis and functionalization of luminescent metal NCs have enabled scientists to develop colorful nanomaterials and nanodevices for a wide range of biomedical applications.In this review,we summarize the characteristics and advantages of luminescence from metal NCs,and highlight their applications in biomedicine.We focus on the research in biomedical detection,bio-imaging,drug delivery,and therapy,especially for the advances in the last five years.Luminescent metal NCs display a series of unique superiorities in biomedical applications,and the recent achievements have brought a lot of benefits to the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases,especially for tumors and cancers.Finally,we put forward the main challenges that currently still hinder the basic science studies and the practical development of luminescent metal NCs in biomedical applications.Overall,we expect that luminescent metal NCs will play a much more important role in future biomedicine and clinical applications. | Yu Su Tiantian Xue Yuxin Liu Jinxia Qi Rongchao Jin Zhenkun Lin | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，6： | 6 |
| 12 | Mechanical and corrosion behaviour of hydroxyapatite reinforced Mg-Sn alloy composite by squeeze casting for biomedical applications显示文摘Magnesium alloys have gained increasing attention for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and the biodegradability.Hydroxyapatite(HA)is known to be a highly bioactive because of its similar chemical and crystallographic structures to bone.Therefore,HA is believed to be a potential ceramic material for the fabrication of Mg based composites,to combine the advantages of both Mg and HA.But,in general,the composites known to be more susceptible to corrosion attack than the matrix alloy.Hence,in the present work,Sn is used as an alloying element to evaluate its effect on mechanical as well as corrosion properties of Mg/HA composites.Mg with 5 wt%HA and Mg-1 wt%Sn-5 wt%HA composites were prepared separately by stir assisted squeeze casting route.The phase analysis and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)respectively.Mechanical properties were evaluated by conducting the compression and micro hardness tests.Corrosion properties of as-cast composites were studied by linear polarization,Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)techniques.The results of both XRD and SEM-EDS revealed that the main constitutional phases of as-cast Mg/HA composites were a-Mg and HA whereas,in Mg-Sn/HA composites,the phase Mg^Sn was observed along with fine distribution of HA particles.In both the cases,no interfacial reactions observed.The yield strength,ultimate compression strength and hardness were found to be increased with the addition of Sn in Mg/HA composites.Furthermore,the addition of Sn also played an important role in increasing the corrosion resistance of the Mg/HA composites which was attributed the refinement of grain size and the formation of Mg2Sn phase along the grain boundaries.Hence,it was concluded that the addition of Sn improves both mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg/HA composites. | R Radha D.Sreekanth | 2020 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2020，8，2： | 6 |
| 13 | Health care in light of different theories of health——A proposed framework for integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care显示文摘The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the biomedical,the biopsychosocial, and the social humanistic theories of health and to propose a framework for integrating the latter into health care. In summary, the definitions of health, illness and disease are essential to the practice of health care and play fundamental roles in how patients’ experiences of being ill are valued and assessed within health care systems. Principally, the biomedical perspective proceeds from pathoanatomical deficiencies defining disease and malfunction;the addition of psychosocial components forms a biopsychosocial perspective.In addition, the social humanistic perspective extends from a person’s will, their ability to act, and the possibility to fulfill wanted actions. Thus, health care that does not address the social humanistic perspective may lack the power to describe how these entities are related to the patient on a personal level;thus,the will of the patient is not always fully addressed. Importantly, by targeting the will of the patient and the patient’s ability to act, the proposed framework of integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care may further emphasize and strengthen the interrelatedness of medical perspectives. A framework for integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care is proposed and its potential impact on health care is discussed. | Lena Gronblom Lundstrom Ulrika Aasa Yan Zhang Tobias Sundberg | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2019，17，5： | 6 |
| 14 | Hot compression deformation behavior of biomedical Ni-Ti alloy显示文摘Biomedical Ti-55.78 (wt%) Ni alloy samples were prepared by vacuum induction melting, and their hot compression deformation behavior was studied in the deformation temperature range of 750-950℃, the strain rate range of 0.001-1.000 s^-1 and the true strain range of 0.1 -0.7. The constitutive equation of the as-cast biomedical Ni-Ti alloy was established based on the Arrhenius constitutive model, and error analysis of the constitutive equation was carried out. The processing zone and unstable thermal deformation zone of the as-cast biomedical Ni-Ti alloy were obtained by establishing hot processing maps based on a dynamic material model. The results showed that deformation temperature and strain rate were the main factors affecting the flow stress. The results of error verification of the constitutive equation show that the predicted flow stress curves agree well with the measured ones. Therefore, the constitutive equation based on Arrhenius can accurately predict the high temperature flow stress of as-cast biomedical Ni-Ti alloy. The optimum parameters for forging process of biomedical Ni-Ti alloy are the strain rate less than 0.003 s^-1 and the hot deformation temperature range of 930-950℃. | Zhen Wang Xiao-Wen Xu Bing Zhang | 2019 | Rare Metals2019，38，7： | 5 |
| 15 | Inductive heat property of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles in AC magnetic field for local hyperthermia显示文摘Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with different magnetic properties were prepared by coprecipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ with aqueous NaOH solution. The inductive heat properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an alternating current (AC) magnetic field were investigated for local hyperthermia. The maximum saturation magnetization Ms of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is 65.53 emu·g-1 under the optimum conditions of Fe3+: Fe2+ molar ratio at 1.8:1. The Ms of Fe3O4 nanoparticles decreased as the Fe3+/Fe2+ molar ratio increased. But the coercivity Hc increases with the increasing of Fe3+/Fe2+ molar ratio. Exposed in the AC magnetic field for 29 min, the temperatures of physiological saline suspension containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles were 42-97.5 ℃. The inductive heat property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in AC magnetic field decreases as Hc increases, but increases with the increasing of Ms. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles would be useful as good thermoseeds for localized hyperthermia treatment of cancers. | ZHAO Donglin ZENG Xianwei XIA Qisheng TANG Jintian | 2006 | Rare Metals2006，25，z1： | 5 |
| 16 | Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on mechanical and elastic properties of Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy显示文摘The evolutions of phase constitutions and mechanical properties of a β-phase Ti–36Nb–5Zr(wt%) alloy during thermo-mechanical treatment were investigated. The alloy consisted of dual(β t α″) phase and exhibited a double yielding phenomenon in solution treated state. After cold rolling and subsequent annealing at 698 K for 20 min, an excellent combination of high strength(833 MPa) and low modulus(46 GPa) was obtained. The high strength can be attributed to high density of dislocations, nanosized α phase and grain refinement. On the other hand, the low Young's modulus originates from the suppression of chemical stabilization of β phase during annealing, which guarantees the low β-phase stability. Furthermore, the single-crystal elastic constants of the annealed Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy were extracted from polycrystalline alloy using an in-situ synchrotron X-ray technique. The results indicated that the low shear modulus C44 contributes to the low Young's modulus for the Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy, suggesting that reducing C44 through thermo-mechanical treatment might be an efficient approach to realize low Young's modulus in β-phase Ti alloys. The results achieved in this study could be helpful to elucidate the origin of low modulus and sheds light on developing novel biomedical Ti alloys with both low modulus and high strength. | Qingkun Meng Qing Liu Shun Guo Yongqi Zhu Xinqing Zhao | 2015 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2015，25，3： | 5 |
| 17 | Role of Cu element in biomedical metal alloy design显示文摘Biomedical metals are widely used as implant materials in the human or animal body to repair organs and restore function, such as heart valves, meninges, peritoneum and artificial organs.Alloying element affects the microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, but also influences the antibacterial and biological activity.Recently, antibacterial metal alloys have shown great potential as a new kind of biomedical materials, in which Cu has been widely used as antibacterial agent element.In addition, biodegradable metal alloys, including magnesium alloy and zinc alloy, also have attracted much attention worldwide.Cu was also used as alloying element to adjust the degradation rate.Thus, the role of Cu in the alloy design will be very important for the development of new alloy.In this paper, we summarized the recent research results on the Cu-containing metal alloy for biomedical application and hoped that this review would give more suggestions for the further development of biomedical metal alloy. | Er-Lin Zhang Shan Fu Ruo-Xian Wang Hai-Xia Li Ying Liu Zhi-Qiang Ma Guang-Kun Liu Chen-Shun Zhu Gao-Wu Qin Da-Fu Chen | 2019 | Rare Metals2019，38，6： | 4 |
| 18 | Comprehensive Application of Graphene: Emphasis on Biomedical Concerns显示文摘Graphene, sp^2 hybridized carbon framework of one atom thickness, is reputed as the strongest material to date. It has marked its impact in manifold applications including electronics, sensors, composites, and catalysis. Current state-of-the-art graphene research revolves around its biomedical applications. The two-dimensional(2D) planar structure of graphene provides a large surface area for loading drugs/biomolecules and the possibility of conjugating fluorescent dyes for bioimaging. The high near-infrared absorbance makes graphene ideal for photothermal therapy. Henceforth, graphene turns out to be a reliable multifunctional material for use in diagnosis and treatment. It exhibits antibacterial property by directly interacting with the cell membrane. Potential application of graphene as a sca old for the attachment and proliferation of stem cells and neuronal cells is captivating in a tissue regeneration scenario. Fabrication of 2D graphene into a 3D structure is made possible with the help of 3D printing, a revolutionary technology having promising applications in tissue and organ engineering. However, apart from its advantageous application scope, use of graphene raises toxicity concerns. Several reports have confirmed the potential toxicity of graphene and its derivatives, and the inconsistency may be due to the lack of standardized consensus protocols. The present review focuses on the hidden facts of graphene and its biomedical application, with special emphasis on drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial, tissue engineering, and 3D printing applications. | S.Syama P.V.Mohanan | 2019 | Nano-Micro Letters2019，11，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Extraction of Target Fluorescence Signal from In Vivo Background Signal Using Image Subtraction Algorithm显示文摘Challenges remain in fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) in in vivo experiments, since the target fluorescence signal is often contaminated by the high level of background signal originated from autofluorescence and leakage of excitation light. In this paper, we propose an image subtraction algorithm based on two images acquired using two excitation filters with different spectral regions. One in vivo experiment with a mouse locally injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was conducted to calculate the subtraction coefficient used in our studies and to validate the subtraction result when the exact position of the target fluorescence signal was known. Another in vivo experiment employing a nude mouse implanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)—expressing colon tumor was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the employed method to extract target fluorescence signal when the exact position of the target fluorescence signal was unknown. The subtraction results show that this image subtraction algorithm can effectively extract the target fluorescence signal and quantitative analysis results demonstrate that the target-to-background ratio (TBR) can be significantly improved by 33.5 times after background signal subtraction. | Liu, Fei Liu, Xin Zhang, Bin Bai, Jing | 2012 | International Journal of Automation and computing2012，9，3： | 4 |
| 20 | 4D printed shape memory polymers and their structures for biomedical applications显示文摘Shape memory polymers are smart materials that produce shape changes under external stimulus conditions.Four-dimensional(4D)printing is a comprehensive technology originate from deformable materials and three-dimensional(3D)printing technology.At present,4D printed shape memory polymers and shape-changing structures have been applied in various fields,especially in the field of biomedical science.4D printing technology has made a breakthrough of personalized customization in the traditional medical field,providing a new direction for the further development of the biomedical field.In this review,the recent research and development of shape memory polymer,3D printing technology,4D printed shape memory polymers and shape-changing structures in biomedical area are present.The examples and applications of 4D printed shape memory polymers and their structures in the area of biomedical are also introduced.Based on 4D printing,stimulated by different conditions,3D printed objects can be fabricated into various biomedical applications such as cell scaffolds,vascular stents,bone scaffolds,tracheal stents and cardiac stents by different 3D printing techniques.Finally,the application prospects,existing technical restriction and future development directions of 4D printed shape memory polymers and their structures in the biomedical field are summarized. | LI YueJia ZHANG FengHua LIU YanJu LENG JinSong | 2020 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2020，63，4： | 4 |
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