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| 1 | Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Implications for the perioperative management of liver transplant patients显示文摘Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a disease that has only recently been recognised as a definitive clinical entity. In the setting of liver cirrhosis, it is characterized by a blunted inotropic and chronotropic response t o s t r e s s, i m p a i r e d d i a s t o l i c r e l a x a t i o n o f t h e myocardium and prolongation of the QT interval in the absence of other known cardiac disease. A key pathological feature is the persistent over-activation of the sympathetic nervous system in cirrhosis, which leads to down-regulation and dysfunction of theβ-adrenergic receptor. Diagnosis can be made using a combination of echocardiography(resting and stress), tissue Doppler imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, 12-lead electrocardiogram and measurement of biomarkers. There are significant implications of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in a number of clinical situations in which there is an increased physiological demand, which can lead to acute cardiac decompensation and heart failure. Prior to transplantation there is an increased risk of hepatorenal syndrome, cardiac failure following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion and increased risk of arrhythmias during acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Liver transplantation presents the greatest physiological challenge with a further risk of acute cardiac decompensation. Peri-operative management should involve appropriate choice of graft and minimization of large fluctuations in preload and afterload. The avoidance of cardiac failure during this period has important prognostic implications, as there is evidence to suggest a long-term resolution of the abnormalities in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. | Suehana Rahman Susan V Mallett | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，3： | 8 |
| 2 | Is diabetic cardiomyopathy a specific entity?显示文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) is characterised by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, the pathogenetic and pathomorphological changes leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes are discussed. Changes in metabolic signalling pathways, mediators and effectors contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in DM called diabetic cardiomyopathy(DC). Echocardiographic studies report on the association between DM and the presence of cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial stiffness that lead to diastolic dysfunction. More recently reported echocardiographic studies with more sensitive techniques, such as strain analysis, also observed systolic dysfunction as an early marker of DC. Depression of systolic and diastolic function is continuum and the line of separation is artificial. To conclude, according to current knowledge, DC is expected to be a common single phenotype that is caused by different pathogenetic and pathomorphological changes leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes. | Mitja Letonja Danijel Petrovi | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-the heart of the matter显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease in the Western world. There is a close association with the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The components of the metabolic syndrome include hypertension,obesity and insulin resistance which are well established cardiovascular risk factors. The mortality rate of NAFLD patients from myocardial infarction is higher than that in the general United States population and there is also an increased risk of nonfatal cardiovascular events. This article reviews the cardiovascular complications associated with NAFLD. Inorder to provide comprehensive care of NAFLD patients,physicians need to be aware of,and search for,the cardiac morbidity associated with NAFLD. | Haneen Azzam Stephen Malnick | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，10： | 7 |
| 4 | Therapeutic interventions for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction:A summary of current evidence显示文摘Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFPEF)is common and represents a major challenge in cardiovascular medicine.Most of the current treatment of HFPEF is based on morbidity benefits and symptom reduction.Various pharmacological interventions available for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction have not been supported by clinical studies for HFPEF.Addressing the specific aetiology and aggressive risk factor modification remain the mainstay in the treatment of HFPEF.We present a brief overview of the currently recommended therapeutic options with available evidence. | Muhammad Asrar ul Haq Chiew Wong Vivek Mutha Nagesh Anavekar Kwang Lim Peter Barlis David L Hare | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，2： | 7 |
| 5 | Changes in plasma total bile acid level of patients with essential hyper tension and of spontaneous hypertension rats and the correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures显示文摘To examine the hypothesis that plasma bile acid (BA) level is correlated with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: The level of plasma total bile acid (TBA) in 88 patients with EH and in 11 spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were measured, and regression analysis of systolic and diastolic blood pressures with plasma TBA was performed. Results: Plasma TBA level in EH patients was significantly higher than that in normotensive subjects (7. 35±3. 38μmol/L vs 4. 94±3. 25 μmol/L, PRO. of ); Plasma TBA level in SHR was significantly higher than that in Wistar--Kyoto (WKY) rats (13. 16±3. 58 μmol/L vs 10. 42±2. 24 μmol/L,P<0. 05); Plasma TBA level in patients with EH was the highest in stage Ⅲ (9. 54±4. 12 μmol/L, n =25), the lowest in stage Ⅰ (5. 76±3. 33 μmol/L, n=33), and middle in stage Ⅱ (7. 32±4. 52 μmol/L, n=30); Plasma TBA level in patients with EH was positively correlated with both systolic (r= 0. 33, P<0. 01 ) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0. 46, P<0.01 ); Plasma TBA level in SHR was positively correlated with both systolic (r=0. 82, P<0. 01 ) and diastolic blood pressures (r=0. 69, P<0. 01). Conclusion: elevated level of plasma TBA in patients with EH and in SHR may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. | 张永生 吴平生 刘伊丽 王煊 李欣 | 1998 | Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)1998，13，4： | 6 |
| 6 | 丹参多酚酸盐针联合参麦注射液治疗老年舒张性心力衰竭效果观察显示文摘舒张性心力衰竭(diastolic heart failure,DHF)属于一种肺瘀血临床综合征,表现为心脏收缩功能正常,心室舒张功能异常,出现射血分数正常而有慢性心力衰竭的临床症状体征。其占心力衰竭总数的33.3%,在老年患者中,冠心病DHF是最常见的心力衰竭类型。临床研究表明,单纯西医治疗DHF效果不佳,中西医结合疗法能增加疗效。本研究探讨丹参多酚酸盐针与参麦注射液联合治疗DHF的效果,现将结果报道如下。 | 崔长锋 | 2017 | 中西医结合研究2017，9，1： | 4 |
| 7 | Challenging aspects of treatment strategies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: “Why did recent clinical trials fail?”显示文摘Heart failure(HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization among older adults and the prevalence is growing with the aging populations in the Western countries. Epidemiologic reports suggest that approximately 50% of patients who have signs or symptoms of HF have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. This HF type predominantly affects women and the elderly with other co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and overt volume status. Most of the current treatment strategies are based on morbidity benefits such as quality of life and reduction of clinical HF symptoms. Treatment of patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction displayed disappointing results from several large randomized controlled trials. The heterogeneity of HF with preserved ejection fraction, understood as complex syndrome, seems to be one of the primary reasons. Here, we present an overview of the current management strategies with available evidence and new therapeutic approach from drugs currently in clinical trials, which target diastolic dysfunction, chronotropic incompetence, and risk factor management. We provide an outline and interpretation of recent clinical trials that failed to improve outcome and survival in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. | Peter Moritz Becher Nina Fluschnik Stefan Blankenberg Dirk Westermann | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，9： | 3 |
| 8 | Liver cirrhosis and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction: Systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is a chronic hepatic disease which is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities.Hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis causes functional and structural cardiac alterations.The prevalence of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction(LVDD)in cirrhotic patients ranges from 25.7%to as high as 81.4%as reported in different studies.In several studies the severity of diastolic dysfunction(DD)correlated with a degree of liver failure and the rate of dysfunction was higher in patients with decompensated cirrhosis compared with compensated.Future directions of comprehensive assessment of cardiac function in cirrhotic patients might provide a better prognosis for these patients.AIM To clarify the correlation between the severity of liver cirrhosis and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in the existing literature.METHODS Through January and February of 2019 at Vilnius University we conducted a systematic review of the global existing literature on the prevalence of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis.We searched for articles in PubMed,Medline and Web of science databases.Articles were selected by using adequate inclusion and exclusion criteria.Our interest was the outcome of likely correlation between the severity of cirrhosis[evaluated by Child-Pugh classes,Model For End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)scores]and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction[classified according to American Society of Echocardiography(ASE)guidelines(2009,2016)],as well as relative risk of dysfunction in cirrhotic patients.Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the ratio and grades of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction with respect to cirrhosis severity.RESULTS A total of 1149 articles and abstracts met the initial search criteria.Sixteen articles which met the predefined eligibility criteria were included in the final analysis.Overall,1067 patients(out of them 723 men)with liver cirrhosis were evaluated for left ventricle diastolic dysfunction.In our systemic analysis we have found that 51.2%of cirrhotic patients had left ventricle diastolic dysfunction diagnosed and the grade 1 was the most prevalent(59.2%,P<0.001)among them,the grade 3 had been rarely diagnosed-only 5.1%.The data about the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in cirrhotic patients depending on Child-Pugh Classes was available from 5 studies(365 patients overall)and only in 1 research diastolic dysfunction was found being associated with severity of liver cirrhosis(P<0.005).We established that diastolic dysfunction was diagnosed in 44.6%of Child-Pugh A class patients,in 62%of Child B class and in 63.3%of Child C patients(P=0.028).The proportion of patients with higher diastolic dysfunction grades increases in more severe cirrhosis presentation(P<0.001).There was no difference between mean MELD scores in patients with and without diastolic dysfunction and in different diastolic dysfunction groups.In all studies diastolic dysfunction was more frequent in patients with ascites.CONCLUSION This systemic analysis suggests that left ventricle diastolic dysfunction is an attribute of liver cirrhosis which has not received sufficient attention from clinicians so far.Future suggestions of a comprehensive assessment of cardiac function in cirrhotic patients might provide a better prognosis for these patients and give hint for better understanding of the left ventricle diastolic dysfunction pathogenesis in liver cirrhosis. | Ieva Stundiene Julija Sarnelyte Ausma Norkute Sigita Aidietiene Valentina Liakina Laura Masalaite Jonas Valantinas | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，32： | 3 |
| 9 | 苯那普利对高血压及左室肥厚的影响(摘要)显示文摘苯那普利对高血压及左室肥厚的影响(摘要)张元春,李玉光,蔡楚丹,陈少萍苯那普利是一种第三代的非疏基前体血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂,它水解成有活性的苯那普利拉,对全身和局部血管有扩张作用,特别是肾小动脉扩张,对肾小球水平的血液动力学效应,能纠正肾... | 张元春 李玉光 蔡楚丹 陈少萍 | 1996 | 岭南心血管病杂志1996，2，2： | 2 |
| 10 | 阿托伐他汀对高血压病患者左室舒张功能及C反应蛋白的影响显示文摘目的 观察短期应用阿托伐他汀对高血压病患者左室舒张功能及C反应蛋白(CRP)的影响.方法 选择高血压病患者87例,分为阿托伐他汀组(49例)及对照组(38例).对照组给予常规降压药物治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀.测定治疗前后二尖瓣舒张早期峰值流速(E)及减速时间(DT)、舒张晚期峰值流速(A)、舒张早期与舒张晚期峰值流速之比(E/A)、等容舒张时间(IVRT)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)及CRP的水平.结果 治疗12周后治疗组与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),E峰增高,A峰降低,E/A比值增加,IVRT缩短,DT缩短(P<0.05),与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗组CRP、LDL-C、TC水平较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗前后治疗组TC、LDL-C水平与E/A均无相关性(P>0.05).结论 短期应用阿托伐他汀可降低高血压病患者CRP水平,改善左室舒张功能. | 李现立 郑晓晖 杨睿 葛慧敏 王瑞平 | 2010 | 中国实用医刊2010，37，7： | 2 |
| 11 | Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in elderly patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction显示文摘To investigate plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-BNP) levels and to assess their clinical significance in elderly patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction. Methods Plasma NT-BNP level were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay in 34 symptomatic patients (Group 1), 34 asymptomatic patients (Group 2) with isolated diastolic dysfunction, and in 16elderly healthy subjects (control group, Group 3), serving controls. Colored Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate the patients' cardiac structures and functions. Results The plasma NT-BNP level in Group 1 was significantly higher than those in Group 2 and Group 3 and increased with the severity of heart failure. There was no significant difference of plasma NT-BNP levels between Group 2 and Group 3 (p>0.05). A NT-BNP value of 102.75 pg/mL showed a sensitivity of 88.2%, a specificity of 87.5%, and an accuracy of 88.1% for diagnosing diastolic dysfunction. Patients with restrictive filling pattern on echocardiography had higher NTBNP levels than those of impaired relaxation pattern (1961.2±304.9 versus 460. 1±92.7pg/mL, p<0.001). Conclusion The elevation of plasma NT-BNP level in elderly patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction correlates with the severity of their diastolic abnormalities.The level of plasma NT-BNP has an important clinical value in the diagnosis of elderly patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction. | Yixin SONG Qing LIN Xiaomin SHI Yunyun QI | 2005 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2005，2，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Cardiac resynchronization therapy: Dire need for targeted left ventricular lead placement and optimal device programming显示文摘Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) effected via biventricular pacing has been established as prime therapy for heart failure patients of New York Heart Association functional class Ⅱ, Ⅲ and ambulatory Ⅳ, reduced left ventricular(LV) function, and a widened QRS complex. CRT has been shown to improve symptoms, LV function, hospitalization rates, and survival. In order to maximize the benefit from CRT and reduce the number of non-responders, consideration should be given to target the optimal site for LV lead implantation away from myocardial scar and close to the latest LV site activation; and also to appropriately program the device paying particular attention to optimal atrioventricular and interventricular intervals. We herein review current data related to both optimal LV lead placement and device programming and their effects on CRT clinical outcomes. | Sokratis Pastromas Antonis S Manolis | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，12： | 1 |
| 13 | 世界卫生组织高血压专家委员会对高血压分级的建议显示文摘世界卫生组织高血压专家委员会对高血压分级的建议摘自WHO技术报告系列862:HYPERTENSIONCONTROL.日内瓦,1996世界卫生组织(WHO)高血压控制专家委员会1994年10月24~31日在日内瓦开会。1996年WHO发表该专家委员会报... | 饶栩栩 | 1996 | 岭南心血管病杂志1996，2，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Diastolic heart failure in the elderly显示文摘Heart failure with preserved left ventricular function is a common problem among elderly patients. Given that diastolic heart failure (DHF) occurs in up to 50% of all heart failure admissions, and that incidence increases with age, knowledge of current recommendations for its diagnosis and treatment are extremely important for the elderly population. Causes of DHF include the aging process itself, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, aortic stenosis, and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The patient with DHF may present with signs and symptoms similar to those observed in systolic heart failure. Treatment goals for the patient with DHF include achieving normal volume status, improving relaxation of the left ventricle, regression of hypertrophy if possible, and management of any co-morbidities that may aggravate the clinical status of patients with DHF. Hopefully, in the future, further data from randomized clinical trials will allow a more defined approach to care in these patients. | Jeffrey H.Barsuk William G.Cotts | 2006 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2006，3，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Night-time diastolic blood pressure variability relates to stroke recurrence in patients who had ischaemic stroke with small artery occlusion显示文摘Background and purpose The association between blood pressure variability(BPV)and stroke recurrence among patients who had ischaemic stroke(IS)remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of large artery atherosclerosis(LAA)subtype and small artery occlusion(SAO)subtype.Methods Data from the BOSS(Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcome in Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke)study were examined.IS subtypes were diagnosed according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria.BPV was performed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and defined through SD of blood pressure.The primary outcome was stroke recurrence within 90 days after discharge.Multivariable Cox regression model was used to assess the association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of LAA subtype and SAO subtype.Results A total of 1390 patients who had IS from the BOSS study were included in the present study.Multivariable analysis suggests that 24-hour systolic BPV(SBPV)and night-time diastolic BPV(DBPV)were significantly associated with stroke recurrence among all patients who had IS(HR,2.50,95%CI 1.07 to 5.84;HR,1.85,95%CI 1.07 to 3.21,respectively).Night-time SBPV and night-time DBPV were significantly associated with stroke recurrence in patients with SAO subtype(HR,2.77,95%CI 1.07 to 7.15;HR,3.60,95%CI 1.39 to 9.29,respectively).However,in the adjusted model,only night-time DBPV remained significant in patients with SAO subtype(HR,3.87,95%CI 1.40 to 10.71).Similar results were not found in patients who had IS of LAA subtype.Conclusions High night-time DBPV was associated with increased risk of stroke recurrence among patients who had IS of SAO subtype.The results of this study have implications for the secondary prevention management and future research of patients who had IS of SAO subtype.The association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of LAA subtype and SAO subtype should be investigated in larger,population-based studies. | Tingting Wang Jie Xu Anxin Wang Ying Liu Xingquan Zhao Yongjun Wang Yilong Wang | 2022 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2022，7，3： | 1 |
| 16 | 在心脏舒张的心失败进展显示文摘More than 50% of people living with congestive heart failure have diastolic heart failure(DHF).Most of them are older than 70 years,and female.The prevalence of DHF has increased with time.DHF is caused by left ventricular(LV) diastolic dysfunction(DD) which is induced by diastolic dyssynchrony.Cardiac and extracardiac factors play important roles in the development of heart failure(HF) symptoms.The diagnosis of DHF is generally based on typical symptoms and signs of HF,preserved or normal LV ejection fraction,DD and no valvular abnormalities on examination,using noninvasive and invasive methodologies.The outcomes with pharmacological therapy in patients with DHF are frequently neutral in clinical trials,and prognosis still remains poor with a 5-year mortality of 42.3% after hospitalization for HF.Further trials are necessary. | Xing Sheng Yang Jing Ping Sun | 2010 | World Journal of Cardiology2010，2，3： | 1 |
| 17 | NONLINEAR DYNAMICS MODFLING OF MECHANICAL PERIODICITY OF END DIASTOLIC VOLUME OF LEFT VENTRICLE显示文摘The cardiovascular system with a lumped parameter model is treated, in which the Starling model is used to simulate left ventricle and the four-element Burattini & Gnudi model is used in the description of arterial system. Moreover, the feedback action of arterial pressure on cardiac cycle is taken into account. The phenomenon of mechanical periodicity (MP) of end diastolic volume (EDV) of left ventricle is successfully simulated by solving a series of one-dimensional discrete nonlinear dynamical equations. The effects of cardiovascular parameters on MP is also discussed. | XU Shi-xiong(许世雄) MAO Xiao-chun(毛晓春) | 2001 | Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)2001，22，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Evidence, hypotheses and significance of MAP kinase TNNI3K interacting with its partners显示文摘TNNI3K is a cardiac-specific and cardiac troponin I(cT n I)-interacting MAP kinase, known to play important roles in promoting cardiac differentiation, maintenance of beating rhythm and contractual force. The molecular structure of TNNI3 K contains three kinds of domain: a seven or ten NH2-terminal ankyrin repeat domain followed by a protein kinase domain and a COOH-terminal serine-rich domain. There are many binding sites in the structure of TNNI3 K for binding to ATP, magnesium, nucleotide, protein kinase C, antioxidant protein 1(AOP-1) and cT n I, indicating TNNI3 K has many interacting partners. This review summarizes the evidence, hypothesis and significance of TNNI3 K interacting with TNNI3 and its other putative interaction partners. From the literature, the interaction partners of TNNI3 K are divided into 2 types following their phenotypic pattern of functions, positive interaction(to increase the cardiac performance) or negative interaction(to suppress the cardiac performance). Following their binding sites, it also can be divided into other 2 types: binding to C-terminal domain(e.g., cT n I) or binding to both ankyrin repeat domain and C-terminal domains(AOP-1).To date, a well understood partner of TNNI3 K is cT nI, from the molecular structure, physiological function, mechanisms and its significance in some physiological and pathophysiological conditions. There are many reasons to believe that, with more understanding on the TNNI3 K interacting with its partners, we can understand more roles of TNNI3 K in some cardiac diseases. | Zhong-Fang Lai Yu-Zhen Chen | 2012 | World Journal of Hypertension2012，2，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Reduction of diastolic blood pressure: Should hypertension guidelines include a lower threshold target?显示文摘Reduction of diastolic blood pressure to less than 60-80 mm Hg does not improve mortality and may lead to adversecardiovascular events in high risk patient populations. Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the J-curve phenomenon, no major society guidelines on hypertension include a lower threshold target for diastolic blood pressure. Many major society guidelines for hypertension have been updated in the last 5 years. Some guidelines include goals specific to age and co-morbid conditions. The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the Canadian Hypertension Education Program are the only guidelines to date that have recommended a lower threshold target, with the Canadian guidelines recommending a caution against diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 60 mm Hg in patients with coronary artery disease. While systolic blood pressure has been proven to be the overriding risk factor in hypertensive patients over the age of 50 years, diastolic blood pressure is an important predictor of mortality in younger adults. Post hoc data analysis of previous clinical trials regarding safe lower diastolic blood pressure threshold remains inconsistent. Randomized clinical trials designed to determine the appropriate diastolic blood pressure targets among different age groups and populations with different comorbidities are warranted. Hypertension guideline goals should be based on an individual's age, level of risk, and certain co-morbid conditions, especially coronary artery disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. | Steven Tringali Jian Huang | 2017 | World Journal of Hypertension2017，7，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Clinical use of nuclear cardiology in the assessment of heart failure显示文摘A nuclear cardiology test is the most commonly performed non-invasive cardiac imaging test in patients with heart failure, and it plays a pivotal role in their assessment and management. Quantitative gated single positron emission computed tomography (QGS) is used to assess quantitatively cardiac volume, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume, and cardiac diastolic function. Resting and stress myocardial perfusion imaging, with exercise or pharmacologic stress, plays a fundamental role in distinguishing ischemic from nonischemic etiology of heart failure, and in demonstrating myocardial viability. Diastolic heart failure also termed as heart failure with a preserved LVEF is readily identified by nuclear cardiology techniques and can accurately be estimated by peak filling rate (PFR) and time to PFR. Movement of the left ventricle can also be readily assessed by QGS, with newer techniques such as threedimensional, wall thickening evaluation aiding its assessment. Myocardial perfusion imaging is also commonly used to identify candidates for implantable cardiac defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapies. Neurotransmitter imaging using 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine offers prognostic information in patients with heart failure. Metabolism and function in the heart are closely related, and energy substrate metabolism is a potential target of medical therapies to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure. Cardiac metabolic imaging using 123 I-15-(p-iodophenyl)3-R, S-methylpentadecacoic acid is a commonly used tracer in clinical studies to diagnose metabolic heart failure. Nuclear cardiology tests, including neurotransmitter imaging and metabolic imaging, are now easily preformed with new tracers to refine heart failure diagnosis. Nuclear cardiology studies contribute significantly to guiding management decisions for identifying cardiac risk in patients with heart failure. | Shinro Matsuo Kenichi Nakajima Seigo Kinuya | 2010 | World Journal of Cardiology2010，2，10： | 0 |
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