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| 1 | 基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法显示文摘当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site-specific Nutrient Management)和改进的QUEFTS(Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils)模型参数为指导的养分管理和推荐施肥为原则,同时考虑大、中微量元素的全面平衡,并应用计算机软件技术把复杂和综合的养分管理原则智能化形成可为当地技术推广人员掌握的Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统。Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统在用户回答一些简单问题后就能给出基于作物栽培管理措施的推荐施肥套餐,包括作物种植密度、目标产量、推荐的养分用量及其可选用的物化的肥料用量,同时根据预知的作物生长季节推荐施肥的最佳时间和次数。通过跨区域田间多点验证试验证明,基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法是一种简单的易于掌握的作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的新方法。 | 何萍 金继运 Mirasol F.Pampolino Adrian M.Johnston | 2012 | 植物营养与肥料学报2012，18，2： | 95 |
| 2 | 我国北方玉米施肥产量效应和经济效益分析显示文摘【目的】因土壤类型、养分管理措施不同导致施肥后作物的增产效应不同,由此影响经济效益。通过研究当前我国北方玉米产区氮、磷、钾施用对玉米的增产效应和经济效益,分析给定施肥效应、肥料和玉米价格情况下玉米的经济效益变化,为我国北方玉米科学施肥和经济施肥提供一定的借鉴意义。【方法】2010 2012年在我国北方七省玉米种植区开展373个田间试验。试验设置基于产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥(Nutrient Expert,简称NE),在此基础上设置减素处理包括不施氮、不施磷和不施钾处理,以农民习惯施肥为对照。依据产量和试验期间玉米和肥料价格计算了肥料氮、磷、钾施用的产投比。【结果】玉米各试验点产量效应变异很大,黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、河南、山东和山西各点的施氮产量效应分别为3040、2314、2324、981、2139、1184和1244 kg/hm2,施磷产量效应分别为1463、1216、1425、635、944、376和620 kg/hm2,施钾产量效应分别为1454、1063、1532、877、910、383和592 kg/hm2。氮、磷、钾素产量效应变化范围分别为341 7900 kg/hm2,11 5381 kg/hm2以及94097 kg/hm2,依次平均为1889、954和973 kg/hm2,表明不施氮对产量影响最大、其次为钾,不施磷对产量影响最小。经济效益分析结果表明,施用氮、磷和钾平均产投比(VCR)分别为2.8、7.8和4.6,即投入单位金额的氮、磷和钾养分可分别获得2.8、7.8和4.6倍的收益。预测不同肥料价格和玉米价格下的VCR表明,随着施肥增产效应的增加,即使施肥量增加,VCR也增加。收益多少随增产效应、施肥量、肥料和玉米价格而变化。采用专家系统推荐的N-P2O5-K2O用量(157-56-67 kg/hm2)获得的籽粒产量为10255 kg/hm2、经济效益为18903 yuan/hm2,同样地点农民习惯施肥N-P2O5-K2O(225-61-47 kg/hm2)获得的产量和经济效益分别为9996 kg/hm2和18154元/hm2。专家系统推荐施肥多获益748 yuan/hm2,其中1/3来自节约的肥料,2/3来自增产带来的效益。【结论】我国北方玉米产区玉米的增产效应以氮最高,其次是钾,磷最小。依据肥料价格因素,单位氮磷钾养分收益磷最高,其次是钾,最低是氮。依据玉米价格和肥料价格综合考虑,基于NE专家系统的推荐N-P2O5-K2O用量(157-56-67 kg/hm2)是北方各地获得高产和高收益的施肥用量。 | 何萍 徐新朋 仇少君 赵士诚 | 2014 | 植物营养与肥料学报2014，20，6： | 58 |
| 3 | Effect of subsoil tillage depth on nutrient accumulation, root distribution, and grain yield in spring maize显示文摘A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of subsoiling depth on root morphology, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake, and grain yield of spring maize. The results indicated that subsoil tillage promoted root development,increased nutrient accumulation, and increased yield. Compared with conventional soil management(CK), root length, root surface area, and root dry weight at 0–80 cm soil depth under subsoil tillage to 30 cm(T1) and subsoil tillage to 50 cm(T2) were significantly increased, especially the proportions of roots in deeper soil. Root length, surface area, and dry weight differed significantly among three treatments in the order of T2 > T1 > CK at the12-leaf and early filling stages. The range of variation of root diameter in different soil layers in T2 treatment was the smallest, suggesting that roots were more likely to grow downwards with deeper subsoil tillage in soil. The accumulation of N, P, and K in subsoil tillage treatment was significantly increased, but the proportions of kernel and straw were different. In a comparison of T1 with T2, the grain accumulated more N and P, while K accumulation in kernel and straw varied in different years. Grain yield and biomass were increased by 12.8% and 14.6% on average in subsoil tillage treatments compared to conventional soil treatment. Although no significant differences between different subsoil tillage depths were observed for nutrient accumulation and grain yield, lodging resistance of plants was significantly improved in subsoil tillage to 50 cm, a characteristic that favors a high and stable yield under extreme environments. | Hongguang Cai Wei Ma Xiuzhi Zhang Jieqing Ping Xiaogong Yan Jianzhao Liu Jingchao Yuan Lichun Wang Jun Ren | 2014 | The Crop Journal2014，2，5： | 42 |
| 4 | The effect of land use structure on the distribution of soil nutrients in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau,China显示文摘The irrational land use is one of the main reasons for the soil erosion and nutrient loss in the loess hilly area of China. In this project, 4 types of typical land use structure of sustain ment for about 15 years in the loess hill slope are selected to study the effect of land use structure on the distribution of soil nutrients. From hill bottom to hill top, the patterns of land use types are:, grassland-slope farmland-forest, slope farmland-grassland-forest, terrace-grassland-forest and slope farmland-forest-grassland. By measuring the contents of the total N, total P, available N, available P and organic matter of soils, the results show that the land use structure types of slope farmland-grassland-forest and terrace-grassland-forest have a better capacity to maintain the soil nutrients. | Bojie Fu Keming Ma Huafeng Zhou Liding Chen | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，8： | 32 |
| 5 | The nutrient forms, cycling and exchange flux in the sediment and overlying water system in lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River显示文摘This paper is a review of research works concerning the nutrient transportation,transformation and exchange between water, sediment and biota in the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River conducted in the context of project entitled 'The Processes and Mechanism of Lake Eutrophication in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River'. All the lakes from this area are shallow lakes. According to the typical lake site research, the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River have a higher baseline of nutrition in the history. Normally the trophic status of these lakes can be categorized into medium-trophic or eutrophic. Human activities have been enhanced during the last decades, which speed up the lake eutrophic process. Lake eutrophication control needs to reduce not only the external nutrient inputs from watershed but also the internal loading from the sediments. Investigations revealed that the lake sediments in this area are considerablly high in nutrition in which at most about 30% of phosphorus exists in the form of bio-available in the sediment. The surface sediment will exert great effects on the nutrient exchange between water-sediment interface via adsorption and release of nutrient. The nutrient release from the sediment in these shallow lakes is mainly in two ways, i.e. in the undisturbed condition the nutrient is released through diffusion created by the nutrient gradient from sediment to overlying water; whereas in disturbed condition, the nutrient release is determined by the hydrodynamic forcing intensity and the sediment resuspension. Metallic elements such as the iron, manganese and aluminium and the aerobic-anaerobic ambience will affect the release of nutrients. The disturbed release will increase the total nutrients in the water column significantly in the short period. At the beginning of sediment resuspension, the dissolved nutrient concentration will increase. This increase will be damped if the ferric oxide and aluminium are rich in sediment because of the adsorption and flocculation. This means that the lakes have capability of eliminating the nutrient loadings. Investigations for the lakes from middle and down stream of Yangtze River have suggested that most lakes have the self-cleaning capability. Dredging the control of the internal loading, therefore, is only applicable to the small lakes or undisturbed bays which normally are situated nearby the city or town and rich in organic materials in the sediment. In addition, the strong reduction condition and weak aeration of these lakes and bays make these small lakes and bays release much more bio-available nutrient and without much self-eliminating capability. Moreover, eutrophication induced algal bloom in these lakes will change www. scichina.com www. springerlink.comthe pH of water, which further induces the increase in the nutrient release. In turn, the increase in nutrient release promotes the growth of phytoplankton and results in severe algal bloom. For the heavily polluted water, research suggests that the biomass of bacteria and alkaline phosphatase activity will be higher corresponding to the higher concentration of nutrients, which accelerates the nutrient recycling between water, sediment and biota. Quick recycling of nutrient, in turn, promotes the production and biomass growth of microorganism and leads to more severe eutrophication. Further research work should focus on the nutrient transformation mechanism and the effects of microbial loop on the eutrophication. | QIN Boqiang ZHU Guangwei | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，z1： | 22 |
| 6 | Advances in low-protein diets for swine显示文摘Recent years have witnessed the great advantages of reducing dietary crude protein(CP) with free amino acids(AA)supplementation for sustainable swine industry, including saving protein ingredients, reducing nitrogen excretion, feed costs and the risk of gut disorders without impairing growth performance compared to traditional diets. However, a tendency toward increased fatness is a matter of concern when pigs are fed low-protein(LP) diets. In response, the use of the net energy system and balanced AA for formulation of LP diets has been proposed as a solution. Moreover, the extent to which dietary CP can be reduced is complicated. Meanwhile, the requirements for the first five limiting AA(lysine, threonine, sulfur-containing AA, tryptophan, and valine) that growing-finishing pigs fed LP diets were higher than pigs fed traditional diets, because the need for nitrogen for endogenous synthesis of non-essential AA to support protein synthesis may be increased when dietary CP is lowered. Overall, to address these concerns and give a better understanding of this nutritional strategy, this paper reviews recent advances in the study of LP diets for swine and provides some insights into future research directions. | Yuming Wang Junyan Zhou Gang Wang Shuang Cai Xiangfang Zeng Shiyan Qiao | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，4： | 23 |
| 7 | 等量紫云英条件下化肥用量对早稻养分吸收和干物质积累的影响显示文摘在施用等量紫云英条件下进行了不同化肥用量对早稻养分吸收和干物质积累影响的田间试验。试验结果表明:在翻压紫云英22500kg/hm2的条件下,早稻田可减少化肥用量20%~60%,但是以减少化肥用量20%的效果最佳,能有效促进水稻植株地上部对N、P、K养分的吸收与积累,同时有利于地上部干物质的积累。 | 徐昌旭 谢志坚 许政良 苏全平 李水荣 秦文婧 | 2010 | 江西农业学报2010，22，10： | 21 |
| 8 | Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Renshou County of Sichuan Basin,China显示文摘Understanding soil nutrient distributions and the factors affecting them are crucial for fertilizer management and environmental protection in vulnerable ecological regions.Based on 555 soil samples collected in 2012 in Renshou County,located in the purple soil hilly area of Sichuan Basin,China,the spatial variability of soil total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and total potassium(TK)was studied with geostatistical analysis and the relative roles of the affecting factors were quantified using regression analysis.The means of TN,TP and TK contents were 1.12,0.82 and 9.64 g kg^(–1),respectively.The coefficients of variation ranged from 30.56 to 38.75%and the nugget/sill ratios ranged from 0.45 to 0.61,indicating that the three soil nutrients had moderate variability and spatial dependence.Two distribution patterns were observed.TP and TK were associated with patterns of obvious spatial distribution trends while the spatial distribution of TN was characterized by higher variability.Soil group,land use type and topographic factors explained 26.5,35.6 and 8.4%of TN variability,respectively,with land use being the dominant factor.Parent material,soil group,land use type and topographic factors explained 17.5,10.7,12.0 and 5.0%of TP variability,respectively,and both parent material and land use type played important roles.Only parent material and soil type contributed to TK variability and could explain 25.1 and 13.7%of TK variability,respectively.More attention should focus on adopting reasonable land use types for the purposes of fertilizer management and consider the different roles of the affecting factors at the landscape scale in this purple soil hilly area. | GAO Xue-song XIAO Yi DENG Liang-ji LI Qi-quan WANG Chang-quan LI Bing DENG Ou-ping ZENG Min | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，2： | 19 |
| 9 | 烤烟连作对重庆土壤养分状况的影响显示文摘通过田间取样和室内分析相结合的方法,调查研究了重庆市石柱、奉节和南川3个县烤烟连作土壤的养分状况。结果表明:烟田连作后土壤pH值下降,相邻茬次之间平均下降0.05,土壤酸化;有机质含量逐年下降,相邻茬次之间平均衰减0.56%g/kg;全氮、全磷、全钾含量随连作年限延长表现出不同程度的升高趋势,表现为P(6%~31%)>K(6%~21%)>N(2%~12%);速效磷、速效钾含量随连作年限延长逐年降低,且降低程度P(6%~24%)>K(2%~10%),速效氮含量略有上升;速效养分N/P、N/K和K/P比值明显增加,土壤养分比例失调。 | 苏海燕 程传策 马啸 罗晓庆 李常军 阳波 | 2010 | 河南农业科学2010，39，12： | 17 |
| 10 | Effects of maize-soybean relay intercropping on crop nutrient uptake and soil bacterial community显示文摘Maize-soybean relay intercropping is an effective approach to improve the crop yield and nutrient use efficiency,which is widely practiced by farmers in southwest of China.To elucidate the characteristics of different planting patterns on crop nutrient uptake,soil chemical properties,and soil bacteria community in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems,we conducted a field experiment in 2015–2016 with single factor treatments,including monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(MS),maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and fallow(CK).The results showed that the N uptake of maize grain increased in IMS compared with MM.Compared with MS,the yield and uptake of N,P,and K of soybean grain were increased by 25.5,24.4,9.6,and 22.4%in IMS,respectively,while the N and K uptakes in soybean straw were decreased in IMS.The soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and soil organic matter contents were significantly higher in IMS than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK.Moreover,the soil protease,soil urease,and soil nitrate reductase activities in IMS were higher than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK.The phyla Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Actinobacteria dominated in all treatments.Shannon’s index in IMS was higher than that of the corresponding monocultures and CK.The phylum Proteobacteria proportion was positively correlated with maize soil organic matter and soybean soil total nitrogen content,respectively.These results indicated that the belowground interactions increased the crop nutrient(N and P)uptake and soil bacterial community diversity,both of which contributed to improved soil nutrient management for legume-cereal relay intercropping systems. | FU Zhi-dan ZHOU Li CHEN Ping DU Qing PANG Ting SONG Chun WANG Xiao-chun LIU Wei-guo YANG Wen-yu YONG Tai-wen | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，9： | 17 |
| 11 | Effects of Silicon-Based Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Rice in Tropical Zone of Vietnam显示文摘Application of silicon(Si) could greatly boost rice yield and mitigate abiotic stress,especially drought.A field experiment was conducted during 2015 at the research farm of Hong Duc University,Thanh Hoa City,Vietnam,to evaluate the effects of five different combined doses of standard fertilizer practice and Si fertilizer on growth,yield and yield components,as well as nutrient uptake of rice.The treatments consisted of the recommended dose of fertilizer(RDF,110 kg/hm^2 N + 90 kg/hm^2 P_2O_5 + 80 kg/hm^2 K_2O) as the control,RDF + 100 kg/hm^2 SiO_2,RDF + 200 kg/hm^2 SiO_2,RDF + 300 kg/hm^2 SiO_2 and RDF + 400 kg/hm^2 SiO_2.The results showed that the growth,grain and straw yields as well as yield components(number of grains per panicle,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight) were significantly affected by Si application.The highest grain yield of 3 705 kg/hm^2 was obtained with the highest level of Si fertilizer in combination with RDF(RDF + 400 kg/hm^2 SiO_2),however,it was statistically at par with the yields obtained with RDF + 300 kg/hm^2 SiO_2(3 664 kg/hm^2) and RDF + 200 kg/hm^2 SiO_2(3 621 kg/hm^2).The optimum dose of Si fertilizer with maximized grain yield(3 716 kg/hm^2) was 329 kg/hm^2 SiO_2.The nutrient(Si,N,P and K) uptakes of rice were also significantly enhanced by Si application.Si application at the level of 329 kg/hm^2 along with RDF would help in the sustainable production of rice in the tropical zone of Vietnam. | Tran Xuan CUONG Hayat ULLAH Avishek DATTA Tran Cong HANH | 2017 | Rice science2017，24，5： | 16 |
| 12 | Nitrogen deposition as an important nutrient from the environment and its impact on ecosystems in China显示文摘As an example of atmospheric nitrogen(N) deposition,the paper summarizes the definition,form and amount of nutrient from the environment(NFE) and the relationship between NFE and anthro-pogenic reactive N emission.Based on our own study and published articles,we find that N wet and dry deposition has been an important nutrient resource in agricultural and natural ecosystems in China.The total amount of N deposition and other environment-derived N in China was up to 18 Tg N/a,equal to ap-proximately 60% of the national N fertilizer consumption.Nitrogen deposition is expected to contribute substantially to nutrient cycling and net primary productivity in various ecosystems.Therefore,it is crucial to utilize this environment-derived nutrient resource by integrated nutrient resource management in order to realize the sustainable development of both agricultural and non-agricultural ecosystems. | Liu, XueJun Song, Ling He, ChunE Zhang, FuSuo | 2010 | Journal of Arid Land2010，2，2： | 15 |
| 13 | Effects of Nitrogen Application Level on Rice Nutrient Uptake and Ammonia Volatilization显示文摘The effects of different nitrogen application levels on nutrient uptake and ammonia volatilization were studied with the rice cultivar Zheyou 12 as a material.The accumulative amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in rice plants across all growth stages showed a trend to increase with increasing nitrogen application levels from 0 to 270 kg/hm 2,but decreased at nitrogen application levels exceeding 270 kg/hm 2.Moreover,the accumulative uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by the rice plants was increased by application of organic manure in combination with 150 kg/hm 2 nitrogen.The nitrogen uptake was high during the jointing to heading stages.Correlation analysis showed that rice yield was positively correlated with the accumulative uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by the rice plants.The highest correlation coefficient observed was between the amount of nitrogen uptake and rice yield.The rate and accumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application level.Compared with other stages,the rate and accumulative amount of ammonia volatilization were higher after base fertilizer application.The ammonia volatilization rates in response to the nitrogen application levels of 270 kg/hm 2 and 330 kg/hm 2 were much higher than those in the other treatments.The loss of nitrogen through ammonia volatilization accounted for 23.9% of the total applied nitrogen at the nitrogen application level of 330 kg/hm 2. | YU Qiao-gang YE Jing YANG Shao-na FU Jian-rong MA Jun-wei SUN Wan-chun JIANG Li-na WANG Qiang WANG Jian-mei | 2013 | Rice science2013，20，2： | 15 |
| 14 | 化肥与紫云英不同配比对水稻养分吸收及产量的影响显示文摘在大田试验条件下,设计5个不同化肥与紫云英配比处理,连续2年在江西省丰城市研究了养分总供应量相同时紫云英NK代替等量化肥NK对水稻养分吸收及其产量的影响.结果表明:等氮钾条件下,与单施化肥相比,20%~40%紫云英氮钾替代等量化肥氮钾有利于土壤中有机质含量的提高,促进水稻地上部对氮钾的吸收与累积,从而有利于水稻产量的提高.但是,60%~80%紫云英氮钾替代化肥氮钾,水稻地上部氮钾含量和水稻产量显著下降.因此,化肥/紫云英适当配比施用有利于提高土壤有机质含量,促进水稻对氮钾养分的吸收累积,最终提高水稻产量. | 徐昌旭 谢志坚 彭春瑞 王美清 | 2010 | 江西农业学报2010，22，11： | 14 |
| 15 | Effect of medium-chain triglycerides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility,plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity in weanling pigs显示文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of medium-chain triglycerides(MCTs) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity in weanling pigs. A total of 160 weanling(Duroc × Landrace x Yorkshire) pigs(age: 21 ± 1 d; body weight: 7.50 ± 0.28 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments, receiving the following diets for 28 d: control diet [containing 3.5%soybean oil(SO)], MCT1 diet(containing 0.7% MCTs and 2.8% SO), MCT2 diet(containing 1.4% MCTs and2.1% SO) and MCT3 diet(containing 2.1% MCTs and 1.4% SO). Dietary inclusion of MCTs improved the average daily gain and feed efficiency(FE) of pigs compared with the control during the first 2 weeks post-weaning(P < 0.05). A similar positive effect was also observed for the overall FE in MCT2 group(P < 0.05). Compared with the control, apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of ether extract was improved by MCT2 and MCT3 treatment from day 12-14 post-weaning(P < 0.05). In addition, MCT2 treatment also exerted a beneficial effect on the ATTD of dry matter(P < 0.05). The increased total protein concentration and decreased urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde levels of plasma were observed in both MCT2 and MCT3 groups on day 14 post-weaning(P < 0.05). In conclusion, MCTs could improve growth performance, nutrients utilization, and antioxidant ability of weanling piglets. | Yue Li Hao Zhang Li Yang Lili Zhang Tian Wang | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，1： | 13 |
| 16 | Effects of narrow plant spacing on root distribution and physiological nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize显示文摘The objective of this study was to understand the effects of plant spacing on grain yield and root competition in summer maize(Zea mays L.). Maize cultivar Denghai 661 was planted in rectangular tanks(0.54 m × 0.27 m × 1.00 m) under 27 cm(normal) and 6 cm(narrow) plant spacing and treated with zero and 7.5 g nitrogen(N) per plant. Compared to normal plant spacing, narrow plant spacing generated less root biomass in the 0–20 cm zone under both N rates, slight reductions of dry root weight in the 20–40 cm and 40–70 cm zones at the mid-grain filling stage, and slight variation of dry root weights in the 70–100 cm zone during the whole growth period. Narrow plant spacing decreased root reductive activity in all root zones, especially at the grain-filling stage. Grain yield and above-ground biomass were 5.0% and 8.4% lower in the narrow plant spacing than with normal plant spacing, although narrow plant spacing significantly increased N harvest index and N use efficiency in both grain yield and biomass, and higher N translocation rates from vegetative organs. These results indicate that the reductive activity of maize roots in all soil layers and dry weights of shallow roots were significantly decreased under narrow plant spacing conditions, resulting in lower root biomass and yield reduction at maturity. Therefore, a moderately dense sowing is a basis for high yield in summer maize. | Wenshun Jiang Kongjun Wang Qiuping Wu Shuting Dong Peng Liu Jiwang Zhang | 2013 | The Crop Journal2013，1，1： | 13 |
| 17 | Effects of biochar-based fertilizers on nutrient leaching in a tobacco-planting soil显示文摘Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer(BF) on soil nutrient leaching in agricultural soils. We conducted a soil column leaching experiment to study the effects of BF on the leaching of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus, and total potassium(TK) in tobacco soils. The distribution characteristics of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in soil profiles were analyzed after the application of BF. Biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of fluecured tobacco stems. It was applied at four levels, 0%, 3%,9%, and 15%(w/w), respectively, to the compound fertilizer. Compared with the control, the leaching loss of soil TN decreased by 8.36%, 6.72%, and 6.45%, and the loss of soil TK decreased by 9.18%, 9.31% and 11.82% in the 3%,9%, and 15% BF treatments, respectively. However, BF had no significant effect on the P leaching due to the low movement of P in the soil profile. In addition, the BF addition increased the immobilization of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in the soil profile. These results indicate that addition of BF to a tobacco-planting soil reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that BF could be an effective method of applying biochar to agriculture fields. | Yunlong Li Jianzhong Cheng Xinqing Lee Yi Chen Weichang Gao Wenjie Pan Yuan Tang | 2019 | Acta Geochimica2019，38，1： | 13 |
| 18 | Impact of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Brown Planthopper and Tolerance of Its Host Rice Plants显示文摘The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(St?l),appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K),on BPH and its host rice plants. Biochemical constituents of BPH and rice plants with varying nutrient levels at different growth stages,and changes in relative water content(RWC) of rice plants were determined in the laboratory. Feeding of BPH and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH with different nutrient levels were determined in the nethouse. Concentrations of N and P were found much higher in the BPH body than in its host rice plants,and this elemental mismatch is an inherent constraint on meeting nutritional requirements of BPH. Nitrogen was found as a more limiting element for BPH than other nutrients in rice plants. Application of N fertilizers to the rice plants increased the N concentrations both in rice plants and BPH while application of P and K fertilizers increased their concentrations in plant tissues only but not in BPH. Nitrogen application also increased the level of soluble proteins and decreased silicon content in rice plants,which resulted in increased feeding of BPH with sharp reduction of RWC in rice plants ultimately caused susceptible to the pest. P fertilization increased the concentration of P in rice plant tissues but not changed N,K,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents,which indicated little importance of P to the feeding of BPH and tolerance of plant against BPH. K fertilization increased K content but reduced N,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents in the plant tissues which resulted in the minimum reduction of RWC in rice plants after BPH feeding,thereby contributed to higher tolerance of rice plants to brown planthopper. | Md Mamunur RASHID Mahbuba JAHAN Khandakar Shariful ISLAM | 2016 | Rice science2016，23，3： | 12 |
| 19 | The SLC transporter in nutrient and metabolic sensing, regulation, and drug development显示文摘The prevalence of metabolic diseases is growing worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that solute carrier (SLC) transporters contribute to the etiology of various metabolic diseases. Consistent with metabolic characteristics, the top five organs in which SLC transporters are highly expressed are the kidney, brain, liver, gut, and heart. We aim to understand the molecular mechanisms of important SLC transporter-mediated physiological processes and their potentials as drug targets. SLC transporters serve as Metabolic gate’ of cells and mediate the transport of a wide range of essential nutrients and metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins, neurotransmitters, and inorganic/metal ions. Gene-modified animal models have demonstrated that SLC transporters participate in many important physiological functions including nutrient supply, metabolic transformation, energy homeostasis, tissue development, oxidative stress, host defense, and neurological regulation. Furthermore, the human genomic studies have identified that SLC transporters are susceptible or causative genes in various diseases like cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, immunological disorders, and neurological dysfunction? Importantly, a number of SLC transporters have been successfully targeted for drug developments。 This review will focus on the current understanding of SLCs in regulating physiology, nutrient sensing and uptake, and risk of diseases. | Yong Zhang Yuping Zhang Kun Sun Ziyi Meng Ligong Chen | 2019 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2019，11，1： | 11 |
| 20 | 野生及人工养殖暗纹东方鲀肌肉营养成分的比较分析(英文)显示文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared. | 顾曙余 赵赿 | 2008 | Agricultural Science & Technology2008，9，4： | 11 |
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