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| 1 | Unravelling the complexity in achieving the 17 sustainable-development goals显示文摘It is now more than 3 years since the ratification of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development framework[1]but,according to the latest progress report,unless the rate of progress increases,it is challenging that all of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)will be achieved by 2030[2].With only 11 years remaining until the 2030 deadline,it has become imperative to develop a plan of action to enable the full agenda to be realized.Specifically,there is an urgent need for a holistic approach to clarify the interrelationships between the 17 SDGs,while also taking into account their complexity and their sometimes mutually reinforcing or conflicting nature.Trying to achieve these goals separately in succession is nonsensical,but pursuing them simultaneously is impractical[3]. | Bojie Fu Shuai Wang Junze Zhang Zengqian Hou Jinghai Li | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 32 |
| 2 | Invasive mechanism and management strategy of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B:Progress report of 973 Program on invasive alien species in China显示文摘Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B,called a 'superbug',is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide.In this report,the invasive mechanism and management of B.tabaci biotype B,based on our 5-year studies,are presented.Six B.tabaci biotypes,B,Q,ZHJ1,ZHJ2,ZHJ3 and FJ1,have been identified in China.Biotype B dominates the other biotypes in many regions of the country.Genetic diversity in biotype B might be induced by host plant,geographical conditions,and/or insecticidal application.The activities of CarE(carboxylesterase) and GSTs(glutathione-S-transferase) in biotype B reared on cucumber and squash were greater than on other host plants,which might have increased its resistance to insecticides.The higher activities of detoxification enzymes in biotype B might be induced by the secondary metabolites in host plants.Higher adaptive ability of biotype B adults to adverse conditions might be linked to the expression of heat shock protein genes.The indigenous B.tabaci biotypes were displaced by the biotype B within 225 d.The asymmetric mating interactions and mutualism between biotype B and begomoviruses via its host plants speed up widespread invasion and displacement of other biotypes.B.tabaci biotype B displaced Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) after 4-7 generations under glasshouse conditions.Greater adaptive ability of the biotype B to adverse conditions and its rapid population increase might be the reasons of its successful displacement of T.vaporariorum.Greater ability of the biotype B to switch to different host plants may enrich its host plants,which might enable it to better compete with T.vaporariorum.Native predatory natural enemies possess greater ability to suppress B.tabaci under field conditions.The kairomones in the 3rd and 4th instars of biotype B may provide an important stimulus in host searching and location by its parasitoids.The present results provide useful information in explaining the mechanisms of genetic diversity,evolution and molecular eco-adaptation of biotype B.Furthermore,it provides a base for sustainable management of B.tabaci using biological and ecological measures. | WAN FangHao1,ZHANG GuiFen1,LIU ShuSheng2,LUO Chen3,CHU Dong4,ZHANG YouJun4,ZANG LianSheng2,JIU Min2,Lü ZhiChuang1,CUI XuHong1,ZHANG LiPing4,ZHANG Fan3,ZHANG QingWen5,LIU WanXue1,LIANG Pei5,LEI ZhongRen1 & ZHANG YongJun1 1 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Acadeny of Agriculture Sciences,Beijing 100094,China 2 Institute of Applied Entomology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310029,China 3 Institute of Plant and Environment Protection,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100089,China 4 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Acadeny of Agricullare Sciences,Beijing 100081,China 5 Department of Entomology,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100094,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，1： | 30 |
| 3 | 论人地关系的现代意义显示文摘论人地关系的现代意义王铮(中国科学院管理研究所)1人地关系的再认识"人地关系"是古老的哲学命题。在中国古代,至少有三种人地关系的认识观。"人定胜天","天不变,道亦不变","天人合一"。在古希腊,已经开始有了后来称为"环境决定论"的萌芽。"人地关系"... | 王铮 | 1995 | 人文地理1995，10，2： | 24 |
| 4 | Climate change, water resources and sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid lands of Central Asia in the past 30 years显示文摘The countries of Central Asia are collectively known as the five '-stans': Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. In recent times, the Central Asian region has been affected by the shrinkage of the Aral Sea, widespread desertification, soil salinization, biodiversity loss, frequent sand storms, and many other ecological disasters. This paper is a review article based upon the collection, identification and collation of previous studies of environmental changes and regional developments in Central Asia in the past 30 years. Most recent studies have reached a consensus that the temperature rise in Central Asia is occurring faster than the global average. This warming trend will not only result in a higher evaporation in the basin oases, but also to a significant retreat of glaciers in the mountainous areas. Water is the key to sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid regions in Central Asia. The uneven distribution, over consumption, and pollution of water resources in Central Asia have caused severe water supply problems, which have been affecting regional harmony and development for the past 30 years. The widespread and significant land use changes in the 1990 s could be used to improve our understanding of natural variability and human interaction in the region. There has been a positive trend of trans-border cooperation among the Central Asian countries in recent years. International attention has grown and research projects have been initiated to provide water and ecosystem protection in Central Asia. However, the agreements that have been reached might not be able to deliver practical action in time to prevent severe ecological disasters. Water management should be based on hydrographic borders and ministries should be able to make timely decisions without political intervention. Fully integrated management of water resources, land use and industrial development is essential in Central Asia. The ecological crisis should provide sufficient motivation to reach a consensus on unified water management throughout the region. | YU Yang PI Yuanyue YU Xiang TA Zhijie SUN Lingxiao Markus DISSE ZENG Fanjiang LI Yaoming CHEN Xi YU Ruide | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，1： | 20 |
| 5 | The transformation of agriculture in China: Looking back and looking forward显示文摘China's grain yield increased from 1 t ha^(–1) in 1961 to 6 t ha^(–1) in 2015, while successfully feeding not only its large population but also supplying agricultural products all over the world. These achievements were greatly supported by modern technology and distinct governmental policy. However, China's grain production has been causing a number of problems mainly related to declining natural resources and a lack of environmental protection. Due to the growing population and changing dietary requirements, increasing food production must be achieved by increasing resource use efficiency while minimizing environmental costs. We propose two novel development pathways that can potentially sustain agricultural crop production in the next few decades:(i) enhancing nutrient use efficiency with zero increase in chemical fertilizer input until 2020 and(ii) concurrently increasing grain yield and nutrient use efficiency for sustainable intensification with integrated nutrient management after 2020. This paper provides a perspective on further agricultural developments and challenges, and useful knowledge of our valuable experiences for other developing countries. | JIAO Xiao-qiang Nyamdavaa Mongol ZHANG Fu-suo | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，4： | 19 |
| 6 | 土地工程与乡村减贫——中国典型区域实证研究(英文)显示文摘Poverty is a key issue restricting rural sustainable development; concurrently, regional land degradation impedes agricultural development and rural revitalization. China faces severe land degradation and deepening rural poverty under the context of rapid urbanization. To address these challenges, sustainable land use is an important tool in our society's economic development. Rural engineering, including rural land consolidation, reclamation, restoration, reallocation, improvement, and development, is the most direct and effective way to achieve rural sustainable poverty alleviation. This study clarifies the framework between land engineering and rural poverty alleviation, and introduces land engineering technologies, newly created land utilization practices, and the contributions to poverty alleviation in representative degraded land regions. Land engineering can increase land quantity,improve land quality, enhance land ecological function, and promote man-land system coupling. Further, it can erase rural poverty by increasing county revenue and households' income, lead to industrial development, and improve living environment. Specifically, degraded sandy land, gully land, hollowed construction land, and barren hilly land are transformed into productive land by improving the land structure. Innovated land engineering technologies and sustainable land utilization modes can provide the basic theories and reference approaches for rural poverty alleviation. Identifying obstacles to effective land and corresponding engineering practices are crucial to regional land exploitation and development, improving quality of life and alleviating rural poverty. | 刘彦随 王永生 | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，0，5： | 16 |
| 7 | Eco-economic evolution, emergy evaluation and policy options for the sustainable development of Tibet显示文摘As economies and ecological support systems become more interdependent, new disciplines are needed to 'bridge the gap' of understanding between societies and nature. It is now clear that neither ecology nor economics alone can address the problems of our global commons. New measures of wealth, of value, of contributions and production are needed that acknowledge the 'natural capital' and 'ecosystem services' provided from healthy environments. A new interface is now being recognized termed 'eco-economics'. It is an ambitious and necessary attempt to understand the affairs of humanity and nature as a single, interdependent system. New tools are being invested to measure wealth. services and production fairly and equitably. In this report we use systems analysis approach to study the combined ecological-economic system of Tibet We use an alternative measure of value, based on real contributions to system performance, termed EMERGY, spelt with an 'M'. It is an accounting unit of total contributions, direct and indirect. used in generating a product or service. It is a concept derived from understanding whole systems, their interactions and interdependence, and the resources driving and maintaining them. This broader approach will help us to investigate Tibetan resources utilization and potentialities and exchange. Emergy analysis allows comparison and incroporation of environmental costs and benefits with variables of traditional economic costs and benefits to provide a more comprehensive perspective for public policy directives. Through this research, we think: 1) China has made a great effort in making Tibet develop from a closed regional system to a more and more opened regional system which is very important to the sustainable development of Tibet. 2) The increase of economic development and population growth has a close relationship with the total emergy storage and use in transportation. Education in modern science and technology increased the shared emergy of Tibetans to modern science and technology and stimulated the process of matching material and energy imports from outside with local resources. 3) There is great potential to develop hydropower and geothermal reserves that may stimulate not only economic development but also the better use of environment. 4) The better trained population can increase the empower of Tibet eco-economic system. Future development needs all kinds of talent exchanges with the outside system to develop education. 3) Compared with the Tibet economic system, Taiwan economic system is much more competitive. GNP and emergy use are very useful functions for comparing the competitive power of different ecological economic systems. | YAN Mao-chao, H. T. Odum ( Commission for Integrated Survey of Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Center for Environmental Policy, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA) | 2000 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2000，10，1： | 13 |
| 8 | 中国城市绿色发展效率时空演变特征及影响因素显示文摘To resolve conflicts between development and the preservation of the natural environment,enable economic transformation,and achieve the global sustainable development goals(SDGs),green development(GD)is gradually becoming a major strategy in the construction of an ecological civilization and the ideal of building a'beautiful China',alongside the transformation and reconstruction of the global economy.Based on a combination of the concept and implications of GD,we first used the Slacks Based Model with undesirable outputs(SBM-Undesirable),the Theil index,and the spatial Markov chain to measure the spatial patterns,regional differences,and spatio-temporal evolution of urban green development efficiency(UGDE)in China from 2005 to 2015.Second,by coupling natural and human factors,the mechanism influencing UGDE was quantitatively investigated under the framework of the human-environment interaction.The results showed that:(1)from 2005 to 2015,the UGDE increased from 0.475 to 0.523,i.e.,an overall increase of 10%.In terms of temporal variation,there was a staged increase,with its evolution having the characteristics of a'W-shaped'pattern.(2)The regional differences in UGDE followed a pattern of eastern>central>western.For different types of urban agglomeration,the UGDE had inverted pyramid cluster growth characteristics that followed a pattern of'national level>regional level>local level',forming a stable hierarchical scale structure of'super cities>mega cities>big cities>medium cities>small cities'.(3)UGDE in China has developed with significant spatial agglomeration characteristics.High-efficiency type cities have positive spillover effects,while low-efficiency cities have negative effects.Different types of urban evolution processes have a path dependence,and a spatial club convergence phenomenon exists,in which areas with high UGDE are concentrated and drive low UGDE elsewhere.(4)Under the framework of regional human-environment interaction,the degree of human and social influence on UGDE is greater than that of the natural background.The economic strength,industrial structure,openness,and climate conditions of China have positively promoted UGDE. | 周亮 周成虎 车磊 王宝 | 2020 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2020，30，5： | 11 |
| 9 | 山区生态友好型土地利用对策研究——以重庆市黔江区为例(英文)显示文摘以黔江区为研究对象,通过对生态环境影响因子的分析,发现制约黔江区土地利用环境发展的因素主要有区域气候变化、土壤要素、水文环境以及水土流失和土地退化等。并在以上分析的基础上,进一步分析了土地利用变化对生态环境的影响和制约黔江生态环境及区域发展的因素,最后提出了适应山区土地利用与生态环境协调的对策,对黔江社会经济发展和生态建设具有重要意义。 | 谭伟 张安明 An-ming | 2010 | Agricultural Science & Technology2010，11，5： | 8 |
| 10 | Livelihood differentiation between two villages in Yesanpo Tourism District in China显示文摘The rapidly developing rural tourism industry in China has deeply influenced the livelihoods of rural households. This study compares the impact of rural tourism development in poor areas on the farmers' livelihoods, based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework proposed by the United Kingdom's Department for International Development. Gougezhuang, a tourist village, and Jiaojiekou, a non-tourist village, both located in Yesanpo Tourism District in the state-level povertystricken Laishui County, Hebei Province, were selected as case studies. The livelihood models of the two villages show great differentiation after 20 years of tourism development. Gougezhuang Village has been driven by the tourism industry and farmers are employed locally, enjoying a relatively higher-income life, with a developmental livelihood model. In contrast, farmers in Jiaojiekou Village earn their living mainly by leaving home to work in the city. They have a low income, with a survival livelihood model, supported by part-time business. Considering that the two villages are adjacent and have similar development backgrounds, the analysis results indicate that rural tourism has an apparent locationspecific effect on poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development, but the development ofrural tourism is limited regarding large-scale poverty alleviation efforts in poor areas. To implement a propoor-tourism strategy and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to implement comprehensive management measures to change the local conditions of rural settlements and make full use of the spillover effect of tourist consumption. | HUANG Tai XI Jian-chao GE Quan-sheng | 2017 | Journal of Mountain Science2017，14，11： | 7 |
| 11 | Soil degradation: a global problem endangering sustainable development显示文摘Soil degradation, defined as lowering and losing of soil functions, is becoming more and more serious worldwide in recent decades, and poses a threat to agricultural production and terrestrial ecosystem. It is estimated that nearly 2 billion ha of soil resources in the world have been degraded, namely approximately 22% of the total cropland, pasture, forest, and woodland. Globally, soil erosion, chemical deterioration and physical degradation are the important parts amongst various types of soil degradation. As a natural process, soil degradation can be enhanced or dampened by a variety of human activities such as inappropriate agricultural management, overgrazing, deforestation, etc. Degraded soil means less food. As a result of soil degradation, it is estimated that about 11.9-13.4% of the global agricultural supply has been lost in the past five decades. Besides, soil degradation is also associated with off-site problems of sedimentation, climate change, watershed functions, and changes in natural habitats leading to loss of genetic stock and biodiversity. Therefore, it is essential to combat soil degradation at different levels and scales worldwide, not only for food security and ecological health, but also for the guarantee of global sustainable development. | Chen Jie Chen Jing-zhang Tan Man-zhi Gong Zi-tong | 2002 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2002，12，2： | 6 |
| 12 | Landscape ecology:the theoretical foundation of sustainable agrolandscape planning and design显示文摘The theoretical focuses of emerging landscape ecology are spatial heterogeneity and ecologicalholism. The ultimate aim of agrolandscape sustainability is the harmonious relation between man and his envi-ronment. that is, the human ecological holisin. The | Wang Yanglin(Department of Geography, Peking University, Beijing 100871 , China)Fu Bojie(Research Center for Eco-Environrnental Sceiences, Chinese Acaderny of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China) | 1995 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1995，7，3： | 6 |
| 13 | Emergy-based study on eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region:a case of Gansu province,China显示文摘Taking Gansu province as a model case,this study provides an integrated analysis on the eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region based on emergy synthesis theory. Through calculating the values of renewable emergy flow,non-renewable resources,imported emergy,exported emergy,waste emergy,and total emergy during the period of 1978-2007,the performance of Gansu eco-economic system was analyzed. The results indicated that the renewable emergy flow within the province basically remained steady state which was estimated at 2.99×1022 solar emjoules (sej) from 1978 to 2007. The imported emergy and exported emergy were estimated at 3.75×1017 sej and 2.99×1020 sej in 1978 and increased to 1.07×1022 sej and 1.44×1022 sej respectively in 2007. The nonrenewable emergy flow was estimated at 1.62×1022 sej and increased to 1.85×1023 sej,with annual growth rate of 8.7%,while the estimated total emergy was 4.58×1022 sej in 1978 and increased to 2.11×1023 sej in 2007,with annual growth rate of 5.41%. Our results indicate a deteriorate situation between economic development and environmental protection in the region. The rapid economic growth in the past thirty years was based on a great consumption of nonrenewable resource and caused continuous decrease in the capacity of sustainable development. The environmental loading ratio was 0.53 in 1978,increased to 6.06 in 2007,indicating a rapid degradation of the regional environment quality. We calculated that the actual population was 1.53 times the renewable resource population in 1978,increased to 7.06 times in 2007. During the period of 1978-2007,the emergy rose from 2.45×1015 sej/(capita·a) to 8.07×1015 sej/(capita·a). Our analysis revealed that the emergy density presented a trend of gradual increase,and then the emergy currency ratio in Gansu decreased from 7.08×1013 sej/Chinese Yuan to 7.82×1012 sej/Chinese Yuan. | Xue, Bing Chen, XingPeng Geng, Yong Yang, Mian Yang, FuXia Hu, XiaoFen | 2010 | Journal of Arid Land2010，2，3： | 5 |
| 14 | Natural resources deterioration,environmental degradation and sustainable resetlement in Southwest China显示文摘Naturalresourcesdeterioration,environmentaldegradationandsustainableresetlementinSouthwestChinaWANGKelinChangshaInstituteofAg... | WANG KelinNatural resources deterioration, environmentaldegradation and sustainable resettlement inSouthwest ChinaWANG KelinChangsha Institute of Agricultural Modernization, CAS, Hunan 410125 CHINA | 1998 | Journal of Geographical Sciences1998，8，2： | 5 |
| 15 | The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:seeking linkages for global environmental governance显示文摘Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations. | Liang Dong Xiaohua Yang Hongtao Li | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2018，16，3： | 5 |
| 16 | Towards sustainable mining cities: what policies should be sought and experiences could be learnt for China?显示文摘This paper aims to explore interinks between population, resoures, environment anddevelopment of mining cities in China. The authors place emphasis on speeific policy stud of how tostep a sustainable rnining city based on the analysis of six components constituting the integrative andsystendc backdrop to mining city sustainability. The attempts are taken to make a deep comparisonbased on the studies in the five typical cities of Datong, Daqing, Panzhihua, Jinchang and Golmud ofChina, combining some experiences and theorehca thoughts from the Western countries. Therelationship between the resourees endoment, mining (in broader sense) and economic developmentis given based on the analysis of development of mineral resources and formahon of mining cities.Morcover, some changing characteristics and related issues of China’s mining cities on environmentand socio-econondc dimensions are considered. The last part of the paper focuses on the discussion ofrestructuring approach to the mining cities in China, some reflections and suggestions are put forward. | SHEN Lei, Ray Hudson(1. Centre for Resource Economy and Development, Commission for Integrated Survey of NaturalResources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. Department of Geography,University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK) | 1999 | Journal of Geographical Sciences1999，9，3： | 4 |
| 17 | 吉林市人工湿地建设与生态旅游资源开发显示文摘1吉林市人工湿地的建设背景吉林市地处长白山脉向松嫩平原过渡地带的松花江畔。近年来,松花江水质不断地恶化,尤其是江北段,化工企业污水、生活污水、郊区农耕过量采用农药、化肥等都对松花江水体造成不同程度的点源污染和面源污染。人工湿地技术是将污水、污泥投配到人工湿地上。 | 吴春英 | 2009 | Journal of Landscape Research2009，1，3： | 4 |
| 18 | Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of China's Community Gardens显示文摘Since the 1970s,community gardens have played an important role in promoting the development of sustainable communities and improving urban environments in the United States. Despite the popularity of spontaneous urban farming activities in China,community gardens have not caught on as an ecologically and socially sustainable urban development strategy. Based on a comparison of community garden development in China and the U.S.,the authors of this article fi nd that the development of community gardens in China will require close collaboration between city planning officials,real estate agencies,urban citizens,and landscape architects. | LIU Juanjuan Sarah Horowitz ZHANG Weining | 2013 | Journal of Landscape Research2013，5，Z3： | 3 |
| 19 | Indicator system and evaluation framework for sustainable development显示文摘An indicator system of sustainable development was established and an evaluation framework for sustainable development was drawn in this study. | ZHAO Jing\|zhu\+1, Johannes Baptist Opschoor\+2 (1. Department of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco\|Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 2. Economics Faculty, Free University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Am | 1999 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1999，11，4： | 3 |
| 20 | CHALLENGES AND CORRESPONDING POLICIES FOR CHINA'S URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT显示文摘Since the late 1970s, China’S economy has been growing very fast with an average rate of over 8 percent annually. Urbanization has become the indicator of economic and secial deveopment in China. Rapid growth of oromy in China pushed the process of urbanization. Since 1978, China’s urban non-agricultural population has grown from under 113.4 million in 1977 to 176.09 million in 1993. The number of cities increased from 188 to 617 in 1994. With urban economic activities making up an increasing share of GDP, preductivity of urban economy will heavily influence economic growth. In eastern coastal area, because economy of larger scale and agglomeration has been made more productive, the forces contributing to urban growth bome stronger.The number of cities has increased from 78 to 247 since 1980. Urban population was over 90 million. The urbanization level reached 31.5 peed. Four megalopolises have been emerged, they are : the Shanghai -Nanjing-Hangzhou region, the Pearl River Delta region, the Beijing-Tianjin- Tangshan region and the Shenyang-Dalian region. According to statistics, the area of these four regions occupies about 2.6 perat of China’s total territory, but their GDP has exceeded 35 percent of the country’s total. However, the rapid urbanization also resulted in a series of problems on deveopment and environment. | Gu Chaolin(Institute of Geography, CAS, Beijing 100101People’s Republic of China) | 1996 | Journal of Geographical Sciences1996，6，1： | 3 |
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