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| 1 | The tempo-spatial characteristics and forming mechanism of Lithium-rich brines in China显示文摘With the technological development of exploitation and separation,the primary source of lithium has gradually changed from ore to brine,which has become the main raw material,accounting for more than 80% of the total production.Resources of lithium-bearing brine are abundant in China.This paper has summarized the spatial and temporal distribution,characteristics,and formation mechanism of the lithium-rich brine in China,aiming to provide a comprehensive set of guidelines for future lithium exploitation from brines.Lithium brines usually exist in modem saline lakes and deep underground sedimentary rocks as subsurface brines.The metallogenic epoch of China's lithium-rich brine spans from the Triassic to the Quaternary,and these brines exhibit obvious regional distribution characteristics.Modem lithium-rich saline lakes are predominately located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In comparison,the subsurface lithium-rich brines are mainly distributed in the sedimentary basins of Sichuan,Hubei,Jiangxi,and the western part of the Qaidam Basin.Lithium-rich saline lakes are chloride-enriched,sulfate-enriched,and carbonateenriched,while the deep lithium-rich brines are mainly chloride-enriched.On the whole,the value of Mg/Li in deep brine is generally lower than that of brine in saline lakes.The genesis of lithium-rich brines in China is not uniform,generally there are two processes,which are respectively suitable for salt lakes and deep brine. | Rui-qin Li Cheng-lin Liu Peng-cheng Jiao Jiu-yi Wang | 2018 | China Geology2018，1，1： | 11 |
| 2 | Problems of Lithium Isotope Research in Salt Lake Study显示文摘Lithium in nature mainly exists in the forms of solid minerals and ionic liquid.More than 150 lithium minerals exist,which are mainly pegmatite mineral including triphane,lithionite and petalite.Liquid lithium | XIANG Yu ZHU Zhengjie XIANG Xiaojun | 2014 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2014，88，S1： | 8 |
| 3 | Lithium adsorption from brine by iron-doped titanium lithium ion sieves显示文摘Iron-doped lithium titanium oxides were prepared via a solid-state reaction and transformed into lithium ion sieves by acid treatment.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and transmission electron microscopy showed that Fe^3+was doped into the Ti-O lattice and Ti-Fe-O bonds were formed.Iron-doping improved lithium ion adsorption from brines.The saturated adsorption capacity of the iron-doped ion sieves in brine (Li+1.56g/L,pH =8.8)was 34.8mg/g.Lithium ion adsorption fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir equations,indicating that lithium ion adsorption on irondoped lithium ion sieves was chemical and predominantly monolayer.In addition,the iron-doped ion sieves showed excellent selectivity for lithium ion and good recyclability.These iron-doped ion sieves therefore provide effective lithium adsorbents for practical applications. | Shulei Wang Xin Chen Ying Zhang Yang Zhang Shili Zheng | 2018 | Particuology2018，16，6： | 8 |
| 4 | Isotopic compositions of chlorine in brine and saline minerals显示文摘CHLORINE in the nature has two stable isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. Two methods of determining isotopic ratios of chlorine were once developed. Owen, Kaufmann and Long determined 37Cl/35Cl ratios based on the measurement of CH3Cl+ ion produced by ionization of methyl chlorine. The precision of the measurement of Cl-(NTIMS) was reported by Shields and Vengosh. The NTIMS has less precision. | Xiao, YK Liu, WG Zhou, YM Sun, DP | 1997 | Chinese Science Bulletin1997，42，5： | 7 |
| 5 | Anti-bacterial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of methanolic extracts of fourteen different edible vegetables from Bangladesh显示文摘Objective:To investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of fourteen different edible vegetables methanolic extract from Bangladesh.Methods:The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay method against 12 bacteria(both gram positive and gram negative).The plant extracts were also screened for cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay method and the lethal concentrations(LC_(50))were determined at confidence intervals by analyzing the data on a computer loaded with'Finney Programme??Results:All the vegetable extracts showed low to elevated levels of antibacterial activity against most of the tested strains(zone of inhibition=5-28 mm).The most active extract against all bacterial strains was from Xanthium indicum which showed remarkable antibacterial activity having the diameter of growth inhibition zone ranging from 12 to 28 mm followed by Alternanthera sessilis(zone of inhibition=6-21 mm).All extracts exhibited considerable general toxicity towards brine shrimps.The LC_(50)value of the tested extracts was within the range of 8.447 to 60.323μg/mL with respect to the positive control(vincristine sulphate)which was 0.91μg/mL.Among all studied extracts,Xanthium indicum displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with LC_(50)value of 8.447μg/mL.Conclusions:The results of the present investigation suggest that most of the studied plants are potentially good source of antibacterial and anticancer agents. | M.Obayed Ullah Mahmuda Haque Kaniz Fatima Urmi Abu Hasanat Md.Zulfiker Elichea Synthi Anita Momtaj Begum Kaiser Hamid | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，1： | 5 |
| 6 | Highly efficient extraction of lithium from salt lake brine by LiAl-layered double hydroxides as lithium-ion-selective capturing material显示文摘The extraction of lithium from salt lake brine in the Chinese Qaidam Basin is challenging due to its high Mg/Li and Na/Li ratios. Herein, we utilized a reaction-coupled separation technology to separate sodium and lithium ions from a high Na/Li ratio brine(Na/Li = 48.7, w/w) and extracted lithium with Li Al-layered double hydroxides(Li Al-LDHs). The Li Al-LDHs act as lithium-ion-selective capturing materials from multication brines. That is, the lithium ions selectively enter the solid phase to form Li Al-LDHs, and the sodium ions are still retained in the liquid phase. This is because the lithium ions can be incorporated into the structural vacancies of LiAl-LDHs, whereas the sodium ions cannot. The effects of reaction conditions on lithium loss and separation efficiency were investigated at both the nucleation and the crystallization stage, e.g., the nucleation rotating speed, the Li/Al molar ratio, the crystallization temperature and time, and co-existing cations. The lithium loss is as low as 3.93% under optimal separation conditions.The sodium ions remained in the solution. Consequently, an excellent Na/Li separation efficiency was achieved by this reaction-coupled separation technology. These findings confirm that LiAl-LDHs play a critical function in selectively capturing lithium ions from brines with a high Na/Li ratio, which is useful for the extraction of lithium ions from the abundant salt lake brine resources in China. | Ying Sun Xiaoyu Guo Shaofang Hu Xu Xiang | 2019 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2019，28，7： | 5 |
| 7 | Salt-Gathering and Potassium Formation of Potassium-Rich Brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin, China显示文摘Potassium-rich brine in the Sichuan Basin has been much studied in recent years, but few studies have focused on the distribution and migration of salt basin and the differences of potassium formation mechanisms. This work examined the salt-gathering and potassium formation of potassiumrich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin using lithofacies palaeogeographic depiction and geochemical analyses.(1) The favorable sedimentary facies controlling the formation of potassium-rich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin are evaporation platform and restricted platform, whereas the salt basin is one of the main factors controlling the poly-salt center.(2) The distribution and migration of this salt basin were affected by certain factors. The salt basin of the Jialingjiang Formation was mainly distributed in the east and central Sichuan Basin, whereas that of the Leikoupo Formation was mainly distributed in the central and west Sichuan Basin. The sedimentary centers have gradually moved westward and become smaller.(3) Three main formation mechanisms were identified for the potassium-rich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin, i.e., evaporation and concentration of seawater, surface fresh water leaching, and deep water-rock reaction. Fresh water leaching was characterized by low anomaly δ18 O and δ13 C values. Water-rock reaction was mainly related to temperature, and high temperature environment(caused by burial depth, overthrust and deep hydrothermal fluids) was beneficial to water-rock reaction. The characteristics of water-rock reaction do not correspond to the increase ratio of K·103/Cl and Br·103/Cl in brine, and the Rb+ content of the brine was high.(4) The formation mechanisms of potassium-rich brine differed between different areas of the Sichuan Basin. In east Sichuan, the evaporation and concentration of seawater, together with meteoric fresh water leaching, was the main formation factor, whereas the evaporation and concentration of seawater and water–rock reaction predominated in west Sichuan. This study of the sedimentary environment and formation mechanisms is of significance to the exploration and exploitation of potassium-rich brine in the Sichuan Basin. | ZHANG Bing YANG Kai WANG Xuben XU Zhengqi YANG Hongyu ZHANG Saimin CHEN Jinchao ZHANG Mingming LIU Wei | 2018 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2018，92，6： | 4 |
| 8 | Brineshrimp致死率生测法筛选九牛造抗癌活性部位显示文摘首次采用Brineshrimp致死率生测法检测了九牛造的不同提取组分的抗癌活性,结果表明其根提取组分均具生物活性。 | 郭增军 吕居娴 李映丽 朱蓉 | 1996 | 西北药学杂志1996，11，2： | 4 |
| 9 | Preparation and adsorption performance of multi-morphology H_(1.6)Mn_(1.6)O_(4) for lithium extraction显示文摘In this paper,a lithium-ion sieve(LIS)with different morphologies,such as rod-like(LIS-R),spherical(LIS-S),flower-like(LIS-F),and three-dimensional macroporous-mesoporous(LIS-3D),was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis,solid reaction,and hard-template synthesis.The results showed that the LIS with different morphologies presented great differences in specific surface area,pore volume,adsorption selectivity,and structure stability.LIS-3D with highest specific surface area and pore volume displayed the maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption rate,but the stability of LIS-3D was poor because of the manganese dissolution.By comparison,LIS-S has the best structural stability while maintaining a satisfactory adsorption capacity(35.02 mg·g^(-1))and adsorption rate.The LIS-S remained about 90%of the original adsorption capacity after five cycles of adsorption-desorption process.In addition,in the simulated brine system(the magnesium to lithium ratio of 400),the LIS-S exhibited the highest selectivity(α_(Mg)^(Li))of 425.14.In sum,the LIS-S with good morphology is a potential adsorbent for lithium extraction from brine. | Xiulei Li Baifu Tao Qingyuan Jia Ruili Guo | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2021，34，6： | 3 |
| 10 | Fluid-induced high-temperature metasomatism at Rundv?gshetta in the Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica: Implications for the role of brine during granulite formation显示文摘We report new petrological, phase equilibria modeling, and fluid inclusion data for pelitic and mafic granulites from Rundv?gshetta in the highest-grade region of the Neoproterozoic Lützow-Holm Complex(LHC),East Antarctica, and provide unequivocal evidence for fluid-rock interaction and high-temperature metasomatism in the presence of brine fluid. The studied locality is composed dominantly of well-foliated pelitic granulite(K-feldspar+quartz+sillimanite+garnet+ilmenite) with foliation-parallel bands and/or layers of mafic granulite(plagioclase+orthopyroxene+garnet+ilmenite+quartz+biotite). The boundary between the two lithologies is defined by thin(about 1 -20 cm in thick) garnet-rich layers with a common mineral assemblage of garnet+plagioclase+quartz+ilmenite+biotite ? orthopyroxene. Systematic increase of grossular and decrease of pyrope contents in garnet as well as decreasing Mg/(Fe+Mg) ratio of biotite from the pelitic granulite to garnet-rich rock and mafic granulite suggest that the garnet-rich layer was formed by metasomatic interaction between the two granulite lithologies. Phase equilibria modeling in the system NCKFMASHTO demonstrates that the metasomatism took place at 850 -860℃, which is slightly lower than the peak metamorphism of this region, and the modal abundance of garnet is the highest along the metapeliteemetabasite boundary(up to 40%), which is consistent with the field and thin section observations. The occurrence of brine(7.0 -10.9 wt.% Na Cleqfor ice melting or 25.1 -25.5 wt.% NaC leqfor hydrohalite melting) fluid inclusions as a primary phase trapped within plagioclase in the garnet-rich layer and the occurrence of Cl-rich biotite(Cl = 0.22 -0.60 wt.%) in the metasomatic rock compared to that in pelitic(0.15 -0.24 wt.%) and mafic(0.06-0.13 wt.%) granulites suggest infiltration of brine fluid could have given rise to the high-temperature metasomatism. The fluid might have been derived from external sources possibly related to the formation of major suture zones formed during the Gondwana amalgamation. | Kazuki Takahashi Toshiaki Tsunogae Emmanuel Nwachukwu Ugwuonah | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，5： | 2 |
| 11 | Integrated system of comprehensive utilizing the concentrated brine of Yuncheng salt-lake basing on salt-forming diagram显示文摘The comprehensive utilization and environment-friendliness of processes for recovering fresh water or valuable salt from seawater, salt-lakes, or mineral deposits are of utmost importance for sustainable development.One primitive sustainable process for recovering salt from sodium-sulfate-type brine in Yuncheng salt lake had been considered one of the greatest inventions of ancient China, however, the replaced process of mass extraction of single Na_2SO_4 in recent years, has reduced a large amount of residual brine.In this research, relying on the salt-forming diagram in the non-equilibrium state, the technical secrets of ancient salt processes were uncovered, and a new comprehensive utilization system was proposed and tested experimentally.The new system includes a vacuum salt-making process and a normal pressure kieserite process, which can gradually eliminate the existed waste liquid and aid in the sustainable development of the Yuncheng salt-lake.The continuous experiment of salt-making process running stably in the double salt region without double salt formation, which proves the feasibility of salt-forming diagram applied in industrial process.Thus salt-forming diagram would be extremely valuable to industry process design and control, especially, the treatment of concentrated brine. | Huan Zhou Jingjing Tang Jian Guo Yaping Dai Guangbi Li Bo Yan | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2019，27，1： | 2 |
| 12 | EQUATION OF STATE BASED HYDRATE MODEL FOR NATURAL GAS SYSTEMS CONTAINING BRINE AND POLAR INHIBITOR显示文摘1 INTRODUCTIONIn the past two decades,as large reserves of hydrocarbons were discovered in the formof natural gas hydrates stored in deep oceans and permafrost regions such reserves mayturn out to become a tremendous energy source in the future.Among the challengingproblems emerged from offshore oil/gas exploration and production,hydrate research re-ceived new impetus. | 左有祥 郭天民 Sφren Gommesen | 1996 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering1996，4，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Double Convective Hydrothermal System beneath Massive Sulfide Orebody in Gacun Deposit,Southwestern China显示文摘The Gacun Kuroko-type deposit, Southwestern China, is hosted in rhyolitic rocks associated with the underlying mafic rocks occurred in the ~1000 m deep fault-hounded basin within the intra-arc rifting zone which formed on the Triassic Yidun island-arc. Two vertically separated alteration systems are recognized: one is conformable or semiconformable alteration zone developed in ~150 m thick mafic unit 1-1.5 km below the massive sulfde orehody; the other is discordant alteration pipe directly surrounded around stockwork ore within rhyolitic unit. The lower conformable alteration zone extending for several kilometers along strike is characterized by silicification and epidotization which result in the development of quartz vein and quartz-epidote vein systems in mafic lava flows and replacement of primary minerals and groundmass in spilitized mafic volcanics and dikes by quartz, epidote-group minerals and sodic plagiocluse. Sulfides often occur in the vein system and altered mafic volcanics. Quartz | Hou ZengqianInstitute of Mineral Deposits, CAGS, Beijing 100037Mo Xuanxue Department of Geology and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosdences, Beijing 100083Urabe Tetsuro Geological Survey of Japan, Higash 1-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan | 1995 | Journal of Earth Science1995，14，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Synthesis via Precursor Method and Shape Evolution of Basic Magnesium Carbonate显示文摘Basic magnesium carbonate(4 MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4 H2 O) with spherical-like structure was synthesized through precursors thermal decomposition. The precursor of magnesium carbonate trihydrates(MgCO3·3 H2 O) was synthesized by brine and ammonium bicarbonate, and the thermal decomposition conditions were investigated in detail. The obtained particulate was characterized using SEM, XRD and laser particle analyzer. The result showed that it was easy to obtain spherical-like 4 MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4 H2 O by precursor thermal decomposition at 80~100 ℃ with thermal decomposition time 90 min, stirring time 15 min and the liquid initial concentration 0.1 mol/L, while rod-like 4 MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4 H2 O with a surface of 'house of card' structure was more likely to be obtained at low temperature(55 ℃), and rosette-like products were obtained at a little higher temperature(80 ℃) by direct synthesis. | 吴丹 钟云龙 路绍琰 高春娟 王泽江 黄西平 | 2020 | Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry2020，39，3： | 1 |
| 15 | A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND GENESIS OF UNDERGROUND BRINE IN THE LITTORAL PLAIN OF LAIZHOU BAY IN THE BOHAI SEA显示文摘Quaternary underground brine in the littoral plain region of the Bohai coast is new type littoral facies evaporation ore deposit in liquid state . This model of ' littorally- forming brine ' is based on study of the distribution, depositional environment, forming / storing process, and genesis of underground brine in the coast of Laizhou Bay . Essential conditions for genesis of brine are arid and semiarid climate , abundant sources of ancient seawater, and geological and geomorphological environment of wide tidal beach along a coast. The process of underground brine genesis may be : seawater/tidal beach-evaporation and concentration-seeping and accumulation- brine/tidal beach - burial (evolution of the sea- land )- underground brine .Underground brine is characterized by high content of chemical elements, shallow burial depth and easy exploitation . The process of extracting salt from underground brine present in the tidal flat is incomparably superior to that of producing salt from seawater, and has | 韩有松 孟广兰 王少青 | 1993 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1993，11，1： | 1 |
| 16 | THE DISCOVERY AND ITS GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FOSSIL FAECAL PELLETS OF BRINE SHRIMPS IN MIRABILITE DEPOSIT显示文摘The brine shrimp, Artemia salina, is affiliated with a lineage of Arthropoda-class Crustacea-subclass Branchiopodaorder Anostraca-family Arlemiidae. The individuals, 10 to 11 mm long for male but slightly longer for female, show a striking adaptation to high-salinity waters and salt pans, for example, in Great Salt Lake of the U. S. A., a num- | 魏东岩 | 1992 | Chinese Science Bulletin1992，37，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Simulated Dynamic Evaporation of Yiliping Salt Lake Brine显示文摘1 Introduction There are numerous salt lakes in western China(Zheng Mianping,et al.,2011).Yiliping playa on the western Qaidam Basin is a magnesium sulfate subtype dry salt lake with high concentrations of potassium,boron and lithium. | CUI Xiangmei WU Zhiming WEN Xianming ZHANG Xingru | 2014 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2014，88，S1： | 1 |
| 18 | Progress in the investigation of potash resources in western China显示文摘Through the study of the geological conditions of potash deposits in China from recent years,a new understanding of potash theories has arisen that appropriate Chinese geological features.Important progress and substantial breakthroughs have been gained in the direction and management of potash prospecting: (1) Important breakthroughs in continental potassium prospecting:The 'Quaternary gravel type deep potassium rich brine metallogenic model in western Qaidam' ensures Quaternary deep potassium rich brine prospecting will grow new KCl resources by 350 Mt,providing a resource guarantee for meeting the Chinese demand for sylvite.(2) The Marine facies potash prospecting shows good prospects: the determination of the new type of Triassic polyhalite potash ore deposits in Sichuan provide an important scientific basis for the establishment of exploration planning and the selection of exploration target areas for polyhalite minerals in the Sichuan Basin;The 'two-storey potash deposits model' in southwestern Yunnan has been confirmed,which indicates prospects for the exploration of potash in the deeper Marine facies in southwestern Yunnan are likely to be successful.The discovery of a high concentration of rich bromite salt and potash salt in the Paleogene of the Kuqa depression and the southwestern Tarim region provides strong support for the likelihood large-scale potash deposits exist in these regions. | Mian-ping Zheng Xian-hua Hou Yong-sheng Zhang En-yuan Xing Hong-pu Li Hong-wei Yin Chang-qing Yu Ning-jun Wang Xiao-lin Deng Zhao Wei Zhong-ying Miao Jia-ai Zhong Fan Wang Fu Fan Xue-fei Zhang Xu-ben Wang Tu-qiang Liu Wei-gang Kong | 2018 | China Geology2018，1，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Measured and Predicted Solubility Phase Diagrams of Quaternary Systems LiBr-NaBr-MgBr2-H2O and LiBr-KBr-MgBr2-H2O at 298.15 K显示文摘The stable phase equilibria of quaternary systems LiBr-NaBr-MgBrz-H2O and LiBr-KBr-MeBr-HO at 298.15 K were studied by both experimental measurement(isothermal solution saturation method)and theoretica prediction(Pitzer model).The solubilities of the saturated solution have been determined experimentally and two sta ble phase diagrams and relevant water diagrams of the two quaternary systems were obtained.Results show that qua ternary system LiBr-NaBr-MgBrz-H2O is hydrateⅡtype as NaBr and NaBr-2H2O coexistence.Its phase diagran consists of only one invariant point,four univariant curves,and five crystallization fields.The quaternary system LiBr-KBr-MgBr2-H2O is a complex type as the double salt KBr MgBrz-6H2O formed.In addition to this double salt the three single salts LiBr-2H2O,KBr and MgBr2:6H2O also crystallize.In this paper,the solubilities of phase equilibria in above quaternary systems were also calculated by the Pitzer's electrolyte solution model.All the neededparameters can be obtained from the literature or be fitted by experimental data.On the Basis of the experimental and alculated results,the phase diagram of the quaternary system was plotted for comparison.It shows that the calculation results are consistent with the experimental ones. | CUI Ruizhi LI Wu DONG Yaping LI Jun | 2020 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2020，36，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Construction of truncated-octahedral LiMn2O4 for battery-like electrochemical lithium recovery from brine显示文摘The extraction of lithium from salt lakes or seawater has attracted worldwide attention because of the explosive growth of global demand for lithium products. The LiMn_(2)O_(4)-based electrochemical lithium recovery system is one of the strongest candidates for commercial application due to its high inserted capacity and low energy consumption. However, the surface orientation of LiMn_(2)O_(4)that facilitates Li diffusion happens to be prone to manganese dissolution making it a great challenge to obtain high lithium inserted capacity and long life simultaneously. Herein, we address this problem by designing a truncated octahedral LiMn_(2)O_(4)(Tr-oh LMO) in which the dominant(111) facets minimize Mn dissolution while a small portion of(100) facets facilitate the Li diffusion. Thus, this Tr-oh LMO-based electrochemical lithium recovery system shows excellent Li recovery performance with high inserted capacity(20.25 mg g^(-1)per cycle) in simulated brine. In addition, the dissolution rate of manganese per 30 cycles is only 0.44% and the capacity maintained 85% of the initial after 30 cycles. These promising findings accelerate the practical application of LiMn_(2)O_(4)in electrochemical lithium recovery. | Guolang Zhou Linlin Chen Xiaowei Li Guiling Luo Zhendong Yu Jingzhou Yin Lei Fan Yanhong Chao Lei Jiang Wenshuai Zhu | 2023 | Green Energy & Environment2023，8，4： | 1 |
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