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| 1 | Inflammation and immunosuppression in severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP) is a common disease,which usually exists in its mild form.However,in a fifth of cases,the disease is severe,with local pancreatic complications or systemic organ dysfunction or both.Because the development of organ failure is the major cause of death in AP,early identification of patients likely to develop organ failure is important.AP is initiated by intracellular activation of pancreatic proenzymes and autodigestion of the pancreas.Destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma first induces an inflammatory reaction locally,but may lead to overwhelming systemic production of inflammatory mediators and early organ failure.Concomitantly,anti-inflammatory cytokines and specific cytokine inhibitors are produced.This anti-inflammatory reaction may overcompensate and inhibit the immune response,rendering the host at risk of systemic infection.At present,there is no specific treatment for AP.Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation and development of organ dysfunction may provide us with drugs to ameliorate physiological disturbances. | Marja-Leena Kylnp Heikki Repo Pauli Antero Puolakkainen | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，23： | 97 |
| 2 | Risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric lesions显示文摘AIM:To assess risk factors for bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and to develop preventive measures.METHODS:This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary referral center.A total of 328 patients underwent ESD for 398 gastric neoplasms between July 2007 and June 2009.The main outcome was association between post-ESD bleeding and the following:age;sex;comorbidities;daily use of medicine potentially related to gastric injury/bleeding;location,size,and histological depth of lesions;ulceration;experience of operator coagulating the ulcer floor,and duration of operation.We also determined the relationship between the location of post-ESD bleeding and risk factors for hemorrhage.RESULTS:Univariate analysis revealed significant risk factors:tumor location [odds ratio(OR),2.86;95% CI:1.21-6.79,P=0.024],coagulator experience(OR,4.29;95% CI:1.43-12.86,P=0.009),and medicine potentially related to gastric injury/bleeding(OR,2.80;95% CI:1.14-6.90,P=0.039).Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed significant,independent risk factors:tumor in lower third of stomach(OR,2.47;95% CI:1.02-5.96,P=0.044),beginner coagulator(OR,3.93;95% CI:1.29-11.9,P=0.016),and medicine(OR,2.76;95% CI:1.09-6.98,P=0.032).We classif ied cases of post-ESD bleeding into two groups(bleeding at the ulcer margin vs bleeding at the center) and found that bleeding at the margin occurred more frequently with beginner coagulators compared with experts(OR,16.00;95% CI:1.22-210.59,P=0.040).CONCLUSION:Beginner coagulators,tumor in the antrum,and medicines were significant risk factors for post-ESD bleeding.Bleeding at the ulcer margin frequently occurred with beginner operators. | Yosuke Tsuji Ken Ohata Takafumi Ito Hideyuki Chiba Tomohiko Ohya Toshiaki Gunji Nobuyuki Matsuhashi | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，23： | 60 |
| 3 | Features and mechanism for coagulation-flocculation processes of polyaluminum chloride显示文摘The coagulation flocculation experiments for kaolinite suspension were carried out withpolyaluminurn chloride of various basicities. The rnicroelectrophoresis mobility and adsorption of alu-minum species were determined simultaneously. The quantitative re | Tang Hongxiao Luan Zhaokun(State Key Laboratory of Environrnental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing100085 , China) | 1995 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1995，7，2： | 31 |
| 4 | Removal characteristics of microplastics by Fe-based coagulants during drinking water treatment显示文摘Microplastics have caused great concern worldwide recently due to their ubiquitous presence within the marine environment. Up to now, most attention has been paid to their sources,distributions, measurement methods, and especially their eco-toxicological effects. With microplastics being increasingly detected in freshwater, it is urgently necessary to evaluate their behaviors during coagulation and ultrafiltration(UF) processes. Herein, the removal behavior of polyethylene(PE), which is easily suspended in water and is the main component of microplastics, was investigated with commonly used Fe-based salts. Results showed that although higher removal efficiency was induced for smaller PE particles, low PE removal efficiency(below 15%) was observed using the traditional coagulation process, and was little influenced by water characteristics. In comparison to solution pH, PAM addition played a more important role in increasing the removal efficiency, especially anionic PAM at high dosage(with efficiency up to 90.9%). The main reason was ascribed to the dense floc formation and high adsorption ability because of the positively charged Fe-based flocs under neutral conditions. For ultrafiltration, although PE particles could be completely rejected,slight membrane fouling was caused owing to their large particle size. The membrane flux decreased after coagulation; however, the membrane fouling was less severe than that induced by flocs alone due to the heterogeneous nature of the cake layer caused by PE, even at high dosages of Fe-based salts. Based on the behavior exhibited during coagulation and ultrafiltration, we believe these findings will have potential application in drinking water treatment. | Baiwen Ma Wenjing Xue Yanyan Ding Chengzhi Hu Huijuan Liu Jiuhui Qu | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，4： | 29 |
| 5 | Protein trans-splicing based dual-vector delivery of the coagulation factor Ⅷ gene显示文摘A dual-vector system was explored for the delivery of the coagulation factor VIII gene,using intein-mediated protein trans-splicing as a means to produce intact functional factor VIII post-translationally.A pair of eukaryotic expression vectors,expressing Ssp DnaB intein-fused heavy and light chain genes of B-domain deleted factor VIII (BDD-FVIII),was constructed.With transient co-transfection of the two vectors into 293 and COS-7 cells,the culture supernatants contained (137±23) and (109±22) ng mL–1 spliced BDD-FVIII antigen with an activity of (1.05±0.16) and (0.79±0.23) IU mL–1 for 293 and COS-7 cells,respectively.The spliced BDD-FVIII was also detected in supernatants from a mixture of cells transfected with inteinfused heavy and light chain genes.The spliced BDD-FVIII protein bands from cell lysates were visualized by Western blotting.The data demonstrated that intein could be used to transfer the split factor VIII gene and provided valuable information on factor VIII gene delivery by dual-adeno-associated virus in hemophilia A gene therapy. | ZHU FuXiang,LIU ZeLong,CHI XiaoYan & QU HuiGe Life Science College of Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，6： | 27 |
| 6 | Tissue factor in predicted severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To study tissue factor (TF) in acute pancreatitis and evaluate the role of TF as a predictive marker of severity. METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive patients admitted to Lund University Hospital, fulfilling the criteria of predicted severe acute pancreatitis (AP), were recruited prospectively between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples for TF analyses were drawn at inclusion in the study and 12 h, 1 d and 3 d later. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients developed mild AP, and 22 patients severe AP. At inclusion in the study, the groups were comparable with respect to gender, aetiology, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score, and duration of pain. At inclusion in the study and at 12 h, TF was higher in the severe AP group (P = 0.035 and P = 0.049, respectively). After 1 and 3 d, no differences in TF levels were noted. Interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly higher in the severe AP group at all of the studied time points. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in the AP group at 1 and 3 d. In receiver operating characteristic-curves, the area under the curve (AUC) for TF was 0.679 (P = 0.035) at inclusion in the study, and a cut off level for TF of 40 pg/mL showed a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 67%, whereas corresponding AUC for IL-6 was 0.775, P = 0.001, and for CRP was 0.653. IL-6 showed better AUC-values than TF at all time points studied. CONCLUSION: TF-levels are raised early in severe AP. TF as an early predictive marker of severe AP is superior to CRP, but inferior to IL-6. | Ellen Andersson Jakob Axelsson Gunilla Eckerwall Daniel Ansari Roland Andersson | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，48： | 26 |
| 7 | APPLICATION OF CLAYS TO REMOVAL OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS Ⅰ.COAGULATION OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS WITH CLAYS显示文摘Coagulation of red tide organism cells with clays is discussed in theory and the effects of some fac-tors on it are studied.A quantitative model is presented which describes how the coagulation varies withpH in solution.According to the model,within the pH-range between pHzpcaand pHzpcb,VR is negativeand the coagulation is strong and strongest at pH=(pHzpca+pHzpcb)/2.It is also demonstrated that whenthe diameter of clay particles is close to that of cells,the collision probability is low,resulting in weakercoagulation.The model results have been corroborated by experiments and so are scientific and theoreticalbases for application. | 俞志明 邹景忠 马锡年 | 1994 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1994，12，3： | 26 |
| 8 | Transfusion and coagulation management in liver transplantation显示文摘There is wide variation in the management of coagulation and blood transfusion practice in liver transplantation.The use of blood products intraoperatively is declining and transfusion free transplantations take place ever more frequently.Allogenic blood products have been shown to increase morbidity and mortality.Primary haemostasis,coagulation and fibrinolysis are altered by liver disease.This,combined with intraoperative disturbances of coagulation,increases the risk of bleeding.Meanwhile,the rebalancing of coagulation homeostasis can put patients at risk of hypercoagulability and thrombosis.The application of the principles of patient blood management to transplantation can reduce the risk of transfusion.This includes:preoperative recognition and treatment of anaemia,reduction of perioperative blood loss and the use of restrictive haemoglobin based transfusion triggers.The use of point of care coagulation monitoring using whole blood viscoelastic testing provides a picture of the complete coagulation process by which to guide and direct coagulation management.Pharmacological methods to reduce blood loss include the use of anti-fibrinolytic drugs to reduce fibrinolysis,and rarely,the use of recombinant factorⅦa.Factor concentrates are increasingly used;fibrinogen concentrates to improve clot strength and stability,and prothrombin complex con-centrates to improve thrombin generation.Non-pharmacological methods to reduce blood loss include surgical utilisation of the piggyback technique and maintenance of a low central venous pressure.The use of intraoperative cell salvage and normovolaemic haemodilution reduces allogenic blood transfusion.Further research into methods of decreasing blood loss and alternatives to blood transfusion remains necessary to continue to improve outcomes after transplantation. | Ben Clevenger Susan V Mallett | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，20： | 25 |
| 9 | 单纯性颅脑创伤患者凝血因子Ⅶ活性与凝血功能障碍和进展性颅内出血性损伤的相关性分析显示文摘目的 探讨单纯性颅脑创伤患者血浆凝血因子Ⅶ(FⅦ)活性与颅脑创伤性凝血功能障碍和进展性颅内出血性损伤的关系.方法 2010年8月至2012年12月根据研究纳入和排除标准,共收集复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科急救中心住院患者中年龄≥16岁中重度单纯性颅脑创伤患者81例,在到达神经外科急救中心后24 h内采集外周静脉血标本并送检国际化标准比值(INR)、活化部分凝血酶时间(aPTT)、血小板(PLT)和FⅦ凝血活性.入院时INR>1.2和(或)aPTT>40 s和(或)PLT<120×109/L被诊断为颅脑创伤性凝血功能障碍;当随访头颅CT报告提示颅内血肿容积增大或出血性损伤部位增多时被诊断为进展性颅内出血性损伤.采用Logistic回归分析检验单纯性颅脑创伤后发生凝血功能障碍和进展性颅内出血性损伤的危险因素.结果 81例患者中凝血功能障碍组血浆FⅦ活性显著低于凝血功能正常组(86%±35%比100%±29%,P<0.05).进展性颅内出血性损伤患者血浆FⅦ活性显著低于非进展患者(71%±18%比106%±33%,P<0.01).逐步Logistic回归分析显示,血浆FⅦ活性<77.5%是单纯性颅脑创伤患者发生进展性颅内出血性损伤的独立危险因素.单纯性颅脑创伤患者的死亡率为7.4%(6/81),血浆FⅦa活性死亡组与幸存组分别为(91±47)% 、( 92±32)%,P>0.05,两组死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 单纯性颅脑创伤患者FⅦ活性低下与凝血功能障碍密切相关;而FⅦa活性低下和凝血功能障碍是进展性颅内出血性损伤的独立危险因素. | 栗超跃 裴兵兵 吴惺 路鑫 胡锦 周良辅 | 2014 | 中华医学杂志2014，94，9： | 23 |
| 10 | NETosis,complement,and coagulation:a triangular relationship显示文摘NETosis is a regulated form of neutrophil cell death that contributes to the host defense against pathogens and was linked to various diseases soon after its first description in 2004.During NETosis,neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),which can capture and kill bacteria and other pathogens to prevent them from spreading.Although substantial progress has been made in our understanding of NETosis,the precise mechanism underlying NETosis is still a matter of debate.Research continues to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in NETosis.In recent years,interactions with the complement and coagulation systems have become increasingly apparent.Activated complement proteins can stimulate NET formation,and NETs,in turn,can serve as a platform for complement activation.In addition,NETs can act as a scaffold for thrombus formation during coagulation.While crosstalk between the coagulation and complement systems has been previously described,NETosis appears to be a third important player in this consortium to protect the host against pathogens.This review summarizes our current knowledge on the mutual interactions between NETosis,the complement system and the coagulation system,with an emerging description of their complex triangular relationship. | Cynthia M.de Bont Wilbert C.Boelens Ger J.M.Pruijn | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，1： | 22 |
| 11 | Clay surface modification and its coagulation of red tide organisms显示文摘Surface modification of montmorillonite by means of Mg2+ insertion reaction has been studied and a positively charged montmorillonite has been prepared. The effects of preparation temperature and Mg2+ concentration on the positive charge property of the clay and on the clay coagulating Heterosigma akashiwo have been studied. The results showed that the modified clay enhanced the coagulation and the used amount decreased to 1/5—1/10 of the original. The removal rates of Heterosigma akashiwo were correlated positively with positive charge on the clay in accordance with theoretical model. | Zhiming Yu Xiaoxia Sun Xiuxian Song Bo Zhang | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，7： | 16 |
| 12 | APPLICATION OF CLAYS TO REMOVAL OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS Ⅲ.THE COAGULATION OF KAOLIN ON RED TIDE ORGANISMS显示文摘This article reports studies on the coagulation of kaolin(from Wuxian,Jiangsu,China)on various red tide organisms,and the observation for the first time that the coagulation of kaolin is much greaterthan that of montmorillonite so that kaolin is a more effective clay for removing red tide organisms.The authors’theoretical explanation and analysis by a mathematical-physical model prove that comparedto montmorillonite,kaolin has greater attraction for organism cells and therefore greater coagulation capabil-ity.This project’s studies on the effects of pH and acid-treatment show that the acid-treatment does not have much influence on the kaolin system;whereas the effect of pH on the kaolin system is the same asthat on the montmonrillonite system. | 俞志明 邹景忠 马锡年 | 1995 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1995，13，1： | 15 |
| 13 | Role of microparticles in endothelial dysfunction and arterial hypertension显示文摘Microparticles are small cell vesicles that can be released by almost all eukaryotic cells during cellular stress and cell activation. Within the last 1-2 decades it has been shown that microparticles are useful blood surrogate markers for different pathological conditions, such as vascular inflammation, coagulation and tumour diseases. Several studies have investigated the abundance of microparticles of different cellular origins in multiple cardiovascular diseases. It thereby has been shown that microparticles released by platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells can be found in conditions of endothelial dysfunction, acute and chronic vascular inflammation and hypercoagulation. In addition to their function as surrogate markers, several studies indicate that circulating microparticles can fuse with distinct target cells, such as endothelial cells or leukocyte, and thereby deliver cellular components of their parental cells to the target cells. Hence, microparticles are a novel entity of circulating, paracrine, biological vectors which can influence the phenotype, the function and presumably even the transcriptome of their target cells.This review article aims to give a brief overview about the microparticle biology with a focus on endothelial activation and arterial hypertension. More detailed information about the role of microparticles in pathophysiology and disease can be found in already published work. | Thomas Helbing Christoph Olivier Christoph Bode Martin Moser Philipp Diehl | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，11： | 14 |
| 14 | Anticoagulant modulation of inflammation in severe sepsis显示文摘Inflammation and coagulation are so tightly linked that the cytokine storm which accompanies the development of sepsis initiates thrombin activation and the development of an intravascular coagulopathy. This review examines the interaction between the inflammatory and coagulation cascades, as well as the role of endogenous anticoagulants in regulating this interaction and dampening the activity of both pathways. Clinical trials attempting to improve outcomes in patients with severe sepsis by inhibiting thrombin generation with heparin and or endogenous anticoagulants are reviewed. In general, these trials have failed to demonstrate that anticoagulant therapy is associated with improvement in mortality or morbidity. While it is possible that selective patients who are severelyill with a high expected mortality may be shown to benefit from such therapy, at the present time none of these anticoagulants are neither approved nor can they be recommended for the treatment of sepsis. | Karen S Allen Eva Sawheny Gary T Kinasewitz | 2015 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2015，4，2： | 14 |
| 15 | Purification of AS-CMP effluent by combined photosynthetic bacteria and coagulation treatment显示文摘IntroductionThepulpandpaperindustryisamajorcontributortowaterpollutioninChina.In1995,thewastewaterdischargedbypulpandpaperindust... | Wu, Shu-Bin Liang, Wen-Zhi | 2000 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2000，12，1： | 13 |
| 16 | The influence of particle size and concentration combined with pH on coagulation mechanisms显示文摘In order to evaluate the influence of particle size and particle concentration on the coagulation process, two kinds of particle suspensions, nanoparticles and microparticles,were employed to investigate the effect of particle size on coagulation mechanisms with varying coagulation parameters. Results showed that it is easier for nanoparticles to cause self-aggregation because of Brownian motion, while interception and sedimentation are the mainly physical processes affecting particle transport for microparticles, so they are more stable and disperse more easily. The particle size distribution and particle concentration had distinct influence on the coagulation mechanisms. Under neutral conditions, as the amount of coagulant increased, the coagulation mechanism for nanoparticles changed from charge neutralization to sweep flocculation and the nanoparticles became destabilized, re-stabilized and again destabilized. For microparticles, although the coagulation mechanism was the same as that of nanoparticles, the increased rate of aluminum hydroxide precipitation exceeded the adsorption of incipiently formed soluble alum species, resulting in the disappearance of the re-stabilization zone. Under acidic conditions, Brownian motion dominates for nanoparticles at low particle concentrations, while sweep flocculation is predominant at high particle concentrations. As for microparticles, charge neutralization and sweep flocculation are the mechanisms for low and high particle concentrations respectively.Under alkaline condition, although the mechanisms for both nano-and microparticles are the same, the morphology of flocs and the kinetics of floc formation are different. At low particle concentrations, nanoparticles have larger growth rate and final size of flocs, while at high particle concentrations, nanoparticles have higher fractal dimension and recovery factors. | Hongyan Sun Ruyuan Jiao Hui Xu Guangyu An Dongsheng Wang | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，8： | 12 |
| 17 | Synthesis and evaluation of cationic flocculant P(DAC-PAPTAC-AM) for flocculation of coal chemical wastewater显示文摘In this study,a high-efficiency cationic flocculant,P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM),was successfully prepared using UV-induced polymerization technology.The monomer Acrylamide(AM):Acryloxyethyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride(DAC):methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(MAPTAC)ratio,monomer concentration,photoinitiator concentration,urea content,and cationic monomer DAC:MAPTAC ratio,light time,and power of highpressure mercury lamp were studied.The characteristic groups,characteristic diffraction peaks,and characteristic proton peaks of P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM)were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-Ray diffraction(XRD),1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer(1H NMR),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The effects of dosage,pH value,and velocity gradient(G)value on the removal efficiencies of turbidity,COD,ammonia nitrogen,and total phenol by poly aluminum ferric chloride(PAFC),P(DACMAPTAC-AM),and PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM)in the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater were investigated.Results showed that the optimal conditions for the flocculation of coal chemical wastewater using P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM)alone are as follows:dosage of 8-12 mg/L,G value of 100-250 s^-1,and pH value of 4-8.The optimal dosage of PAFC is 90-150 mg/L with a pH of 2-12.The optimal dosage for PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM)is as follows:PAFC dosage of 90-150 mg/L,P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM)dosage of 8-12 mg/L,and pH range of 2-6.When P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM)was used alone,the optimal removal efficiencies of turbidity,COD,ammonia nitrogen,and total phenol were 81.0%,35.0%,75.0%,and 80.3%,respectively.PAFC has good tolerance to wastewater pH and good pH buffering.Thus,the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater using the PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM)compound also exhibits excellent resistance and buffering capacity. | Wenquan Sun Shengbao Zhou Yongjun Sun Yanhua Xu | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，1： | 11 |
| 18 | Hemostasis in liver transplantation:Pathophysiology,monitoring,and treatment显示文摘Recent findings in the pathophysiology and monitoring of hemostasis in patients with end stage liver disease have major impact on coagulation management during liver transplantation. There is increasing evidence, that the changes in both coagulation factors and platelet count regularly observed in patients with liver cirrhosis cannot be interpreted as a reliable indicator of diffuse bleeding risk. Instead, a differentiated view on hemostasis has led to the concept of a rebalanced coagulation system: While it is important to recognize that procoagulant factors are reduced in liver cirrhosis, it is also evident that synthesis of anticoagulant factors and fibrinolytic proteins produced in the liver is also diminished. Similarly, the decreased platelet count may be counterbalanced by increased platelet aggregability caused by highly active von Willebrand multimeres. The coagulation system is therefor stated to be rebalanced. While under normal 'unstressed' conditions diffuse bleeding is rarely observed, however both diffuse bleeding or thrombus formation may occur when compensation mechanisms are exhausted. While most patients presenting for liver transplantation have severe cirrhosis, liver function and thus production of pro- and anticoagulant factors can be preserved especially in cholestatic liver disease. During liver transplantation, profound changes in the hemostasis system can occur. Surgical bleeding can lead to diffuse bleeding as coagulation factors and platelets are already reduced. Ischemia and tissue trauma can lead to alterations of hemostasis comparable to trauma induced coagulopathy. A further common disturbance often starting with the reperfusion of the transplanted organ is hyperfibrinolysis which can eventually precipitate complete consumption of fibrinogen and an endogenous heparinization by glycocalyx shedding. Moreover, thrombotic events inliver transplantations are not uncommon and contribute to increased mortality. Besides conventional laboratory methods, bed-side monitoring of hemostasis(e.g., thrombelastography, thrombelastometry) is often used during liver transplantation to rapidly diagnose decreases in fibrinogen and platelet count as well as hyperfibrinolysis and to guide treatment with blood products, factor concentrates, and antifibrinolytics. There is also evidence which suggests when algorithms based on bed-side hemostasis monitoring are used a reduction of blood loss, blood product use, and eventual mortality are possible. Notably, the bed-side monitoring of anticoagulant pathways and the thrombotic risk is not possible at time and thus a cautious and restrictive use of blood products is recommended. | Matthias Hartmann Cynthia Szalai Fuat H Saner | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，4： | 11 |
| 19 | Role of endoscopic therapy in early esophageal cancer显示文摘Esophageal carcinoma is a highly lethal cancer associated with high morbidity and mortality. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are the two distinct histological types. There has been significant progress in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early stages of cancer using resection and ablation techniques, as shown in several trials in the recent past. Earlier detection of esophageal cancer and advances in treatment modalities have lead to improvement in the 5-year survival from 5% to about 20% in the past decade. Endoscopic eradication therapy is the preferred modality of treatment in cancer limited to mucosal layer of the esophagus as there is very low risk of lymph node metastasis, leading to high cure rates, low risk of recurrence and with few adverse effects. The most common adverse events seen are strictures, bleeding and rarely perforation which can be endoscopically managed. In patients with recurrent advanced disease or invasive tumor, esophagectomy with lymph node dissection remains the mainstay of treatment. There is debate on post-endoscopic surveillance with some studies suggesting closer follow up with upper endoscopy every 6 mo for the first 1-2 years and then annually for the 3 years while others recommending the appropriate action only if symptoms or other abnormalities develop. Overall, the field of endoscopic therapy is still evolving and focus should be placed on careful patient selection using a multidisciplinary approach. | Sonika Malik Gautam Sharma Madhusudhan R Sanaka Prashanthi N Thota | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，35： | 10 |
| 20 | 支气管镜下高频电刀与APC治疗恶性气道狭窄122例疗效分析显示文摘目的观察高频电刀与氩等离子体凝固(argon plasma coagulation,APC)治疗恶性气道狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析我科经支气管镜热消融治疗的122例恶性气道狭窄,50例采用高频电刀电灼治疗,72例采用APC治疗。对比两种方法治疗时间、出血量、气道狭窄改善情况,治疗前后气喘症状及气促指数变,并随访管腔再狭窄情况。结果高频电刀组共进行171次治疗,平均每例总治疗时间1.8 h;APC组共进行226次治疗,平均每例总治疗时间1.1 h,APC组治疗总有效率优于高频电刀组。两组术中均未见大出血。术后随访APC组气道通畅稳定时间较高频电刀长。结论在恶性气道狭窄腔内介入治疗方面,APC比高频电刀高效、术后管腔通畅维持时间也较长,是恶性气道狭窄较为理想的姑息性治疗手段。 | 林连城 柯明耀 曾俊莉 吴雪梅 | 2016 | 临床肺科杂志2016，21，2： | 9 |
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