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| 1 | FAT文件系统原理及实现显示文摘介绍了存储设备的分区以及FAT文件结构,并给出了在嵌入式系统中,实现FAT文件系统的方法。 | 邓剑 杨晓非 廖俊卿 | 2005 | 计算机与数字工程2005，33，9： | 70 |
| 2 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: Biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common liver disease in the world.Presentation of the disease ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that includes central abdominal obesity along with other components.Up to80%of patients with NAFLD are obese,defined as a body mass index(BMI)>30 kg/m2.However,the distribution of fat tissue plays a greater role in insulin resistance than the BMI.The large amount of visceral adipose tissue(VAT)in morbidly obese(BMI>40 kg/m2)individuals contributes to a high prevalence of NAFLD.Free fatty acids derived from VAT tissue,as well as from dietary sources and de novo lipogenesis,are released to the portal venous system.Excess free fatty acids and chronic low-grade inflammation from VAT are considered to be two of the most important factors contributing to liver injury progression in NAFLD.In addition,secretion of adipokines from VAT as well as lipid accumulation in the liver further promotes inflammation through nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways,which are also activated by free fatty acids,and contribute to insulin resistance.Most NAFLD patients are asymptomatic on clinical presentation,even though some may present with fatigue,dyspepsia,dull pain in the liver and hepatosplenomegaly.Treatment for NAFLD and NASH involves weight reduction through lifestyle modifications,anti-obesity medication and bariatric surgery.This article reviews the available information on the biochemical and metabolic phenotypes associated with obesity and fatty liver disease.The relative contribution of visceral and liver fat to insulin resistance is discussed,and recommendations for clinical evaluation of affected individuals is provided. | Sandra Milic Davorka Lulic Davor Stimac | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，28： | 52 |
| 3 | FAS和HSL mRNA在猪背最长肌的表达及其与肌内脂肪含量的关系显示文摘采用100头肥育期苏太猪,屠宰取背最长肌样品。测定各样品肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量,并根据IMF含量将样品分成高、中、低3个组, 每组取肌内脂肪含量位于中间的20个个体为研究对象,共计60个个体,各组IMF百分含量(%)分别为(6.00±1.14)、(9.46±0.94)和(13.77±2.12)。采用RT-PCR方法测定各样品中脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)和激素敏感脂酶(hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL)mRNA水平,并分析其与肌内脂肪含量之间的相关性,以揭示FAS和HSL的表达与肌内脂肪沉积的关系。结果表明,FAS或HSL基因表达水平与肌内脂肪含量之间并无显著的相关(P >0.05), FAS与HSL mRNA的比值与肌内脂肪含量之间存在着显著的正相关(R =0.464,P <0.01,P =60)。不同组别之间,随着肌内脂肪含量的增加,FAS与HSL比值有升高的趋势。推测FAS和HSL在猪背最长肌肌内脂肪的沉积中发挥着作用。关键词:脂肪酸合成酶;激素敏感脂酶;肌内脂肪; | 陈杰 杨晓静 佟辉 陈杰 赵茹茜 | 2004 | 农业生物技术学报2004，12，4： | 36 |
| 4 | What is the role of adiponectin in obesity related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as the most common type of chronic liver disease in Western countries.Insulin resistance is a key factor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD,the latter being considered as the hepatic component of insulin resistance or obesity.Adiponectin is the most abundant adipose-specific adipokine.There is evidence that adiponectin decreases hepatic and systematic insulin resistance,and attenuates liver inflammation and fibrosis.Adiponectin generally predicts steatosis grade and the severity of NAFLD;however,to what extent this is a direct effect or related to the presence of more severe insulin resistance or obesity remains to be addressed.Although there is no proven pharmacotherapy for the treatment of NAFLD,recent therapeutic strategies have focused on the indirect upregulation of adiponectin through the administration of various therapeutic agents and/or lifestyle modifications.In this adiponectin-focused review,the pathogenetic role and the potential therapeutic benefits of adiponectin in NAFLD are analyzed systematically. | Carmine Finelli Giovanni Tarantino | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，6： | 29 |
| 5 | Effectiveness of exercise in hepatic fat mobilization in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review显示文摘AIM: To investigate the efficacy of exercise interventions on hepatic fat mobilization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) patients.METHODS: Ovid-Medline, Pub Med, EMBASE and Cochrane database were searched for randomized trials and prospective cohort studies in adults aged ≥ 18 which investigated the effects of at least 8 wk of exercise only or combination with diet on NAFLD from 2010 to 2016. The search terms used to identify articles, in which exercise was clearly described by type, duration, intensity and frequency were: 'NASH', 'NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis', 'non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'fat', 'steatosis', 'diet', 'exercise', 'MR spectroscopy' and 'liver biopsy'. NAFLD diagnosis, as well as the outcome measures, was confirmed by either hydrogen-magnetic resonance spectroscopy(H-MRS) or biopsy. Trials that included dietary interventions along with exercise were accepted if they met all criteria. RESULTS: Eight studies met selection criteria(6 with exercise only, 2 with diet and exercise with a total of 433 adult participants). Training interventions ranged between 8 and 48 wk in duration with a prescribed exercise frequency of 3 to 7 d per week, at intensities between 45% and 75% of VO2 peak. The most commonly used imaging modality was H-MRS and one study utilized biopsy. The effect of intervention on fat mobilization was 30.2% in the exercise only group and 49.8% in diet and exercise group. There was no difference between aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, although only one study compared thetwo interventions. The beneficial effects of exercise on intrahepatic triglyceride(IHTG) were seen even in the absence of significant weight loss. Although combining an exercise program with dietary interventions augmented the reduction in IHTG, as well as improved measures of glucose control and/or insulin sensitivity, exercise only significantly decreased hepatic lipid contents.CONCLUSION: Prescribed exercise in subjects with NAFLD reduces IHTG independent of dietary intervention. Diet and exercise was more effective than exercise alone in reducing IHTG. | Pegah Golabi Cameron T Locklear Patrick Austin Sophie Afdhal Melinda Byrns Lynn Gerber Zobair M Younossi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，27： | 30 |
| 6 | Exploring the metabolic syndrome: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease显示文摘After the first description of fatty pancreas in 1933,the effects of pancreatic steatosis have been poorly investigated,compared with that of the liver. However,the interest of research is increasing. Fat accumulation,associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome(Met S),has been defined as 'fatty infiltration' or 'nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease'(NAFPD). The term 'fatty replacement' describes a distinct phenomenon characterized by death of acinar cells and replacement by adipose tissue. Risk factors for developing NAFPD include obesity,increasing age,male sex,hypertension,dyslipidemia,alcohol and hyperferritinemia. Increasing evidence support the role of pancreatic fat in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus,Met S,atherosclerosis,severe acute pancreatitis and even pancreatic cancer. Evidence exists that fatty pancreas could be used as the initial indicator of 'ectopic fat deposition',which is a key element of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and/or Met S. Moreover,in patients with fatty pancreas,pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with an increased risk of intraoperative blood loss and post-operative pancreatic fistula. | Roberto Catanzaro Biagio Cuffari Angelo Italia Francesco Marotta | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，34： | 22 |
| 7 | Osteoporosis and obesity: Role of Wnt pathway in human and murine models显示文摘Studies concerning the pathophysiological connection between obesity and osteoporosis are currently an intriguing area of research.Although the onset of these two diseases can occur in a different way,recent studies have shown that obesity and osteoporosis share common genetic and environmental factors.Despite being a risk factor for health,obesity has traditionally been considered positive to bone because of beneficial effect of mechanical loading,exerted by high body mass,on bone formation.However,contrasting studies have not achieved a clear consensus,suggesting instead that excessive fat mass derived from obesity condition may not protect against osteoporosis or,even worse,could be rather detrimental to bone.On the other hand,it is hitherto better established that,since adipocytes and osteoblasts are derived from a common mesenchymal stem cell precursor,molecules that lead to osteoblastogenesis inhibit adipogenesis and vice versa.Here we will discuss the role of the key molecules regulating adipocytes and osteoblasts differentiation,which are peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γand Wnts,respectively.In particular,wewill focus on the role of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling,involved in mesenchymal cell fate regulation.Moreover,at present there are no experimental data that relate any influence of the Wnt inhibitor Sclerostin to adipogenesis,although it is well known its role on bone metabolism.In addition,the most common pathological condition in which there is a simultaneous increase of adiposity and decrease of bone mass is menopause.Given that postmenopausal women have high Sclerostin level inversely associated with circulating estradiol level and since the sex hormone replacement therapy has proved to be effective in attenuating bone loss and reversing menopause-related obesity,we hypothesize that Sclerostin contribution in adipogenesis could be an active focus of research in the coming years. | Graziana Colaianni Giacomina Brunetti Maria Felicia Faienza Silvia Colucci Maria Grano | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 19 |
| 8 | 单片机对CF存储卡文件读写的实现显示文摘详细说明用单片机,通过扩展端口,对CF卡(CompactFlashCard)进行标准文件读写的实现。写入的文件能被Windows操作系统读写。本方法是实现大容量现场数据采集、存储的有效解决方法。 | 程拥强 郭凤龙 朱劲 | 2003 | 计算机应用2003，23，9： | 18 |
| 9 | Role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:A controversial issue显示文摘Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cellular homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions delivering cytoplasmic content to the lysosomes for degradation to macronutrients.The potential role of autophagy in disease is increasingly recognised and investigated in the last decade.Nowadays it is commonly accepted that autophagy plays a role in the hepatic lipid metabolism.Hence,dysfunction of autophagy may be an underlying cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.However,controversy of the exact role of autophagy in the lipid metabolism exists:some publications report a lipolytic function of autophagy,whereas others claim a lipogenic function.This review aims to give an update of the present knowledge on autophagy in the hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic insulin resistance,steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrogenesis. | Wilhelmus J Kwanten Wim Martinet Peter P Michielsen Sven M Francque | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 17 |
| 10 | NTFS系统存储介质上文件操作痕迹分析显示文摘计算机用户通过文件系统存取数据,文件和文件夹的操作(如增加、删除、修改)会在存储介质上留下痕迹,这些痕迹与文件系统有关。NTFS文件系统以簇为单位分配和回收外存空间,通过主文件表来进行管理。文章从计算机取证角度探讨NTFS文件系统下访问文件(夹)的方法,研究NTFS文件系统下文件和文件夹的操作痕迹,并与FAT文件系统中的痕迹进行比较。 | 黄步根 | 2007 | 计算机工程2007，33，23： | 16 |
| 11 | SCADA主站系统集成测试技术研究显示文摘在SCADA系统出厂试验(FactoryAcceptanceTest,FAT)与现场试验(SiteAcceptanceTest,SAT)中都需要进行系统的集成测试,针对出厂试验和现场试验的要求,作者分析了SCADA主站系统集成测试的方法与测试环境,具体探讨了SCADA主站系统的性能指标测试、雪崩测试、稳定性测试、可靠性测试、安全性测试和可维护性测试。在集成测试中提出了采用主站系统专用测试工具和通用软件性能测试工具两种方法,并通过远动终端仿真环境来模拟大量的测量数据对系统进行测试。对SCADA主站性能指标,不仅要测试各项性能指标在正常情况下,还要测试其在满负荷下系统的工作情况。有效的集成测试将显著提高SCADA主站系统的产品质量和运行可靠性。 | 刘东 闫红漫 丁振华 袁智强 王勇 | 2005 | 电网技术2005，29，2： | 14 |
| 12 | 基于Flash存储器的嵌入式文件管理器设计显示文摘叙述了 Flash存储器的特点 ,分析了典型文件系统在嵌入式系统中应用的局限性 ,针对嵌入式系统的特点 ,设计了一种基于 Flash存储器的嵌入式文件管理器 ,提出了类 DOS的结构设计 ,实现了与支持 FAT文件格式的操作系统的数据共享。阐述了具体的设计方法 ,并探讨了嵌入式文件管理器的设计思路、方法和技巧。 | 罗华春 徐堃 | 2005 | 交通与计算机2005，23，1： | 13 |
| 13 | Fat:A matter of disturbance for the immune system显示文摘Obesity is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for a number of benign and malignant gastrointestinal conditions. However, literature on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is sparse and ambiguous. There is compelling evidence that both overnutrition and undernutrition negatively interfere with the immune system. Overnutrition has been found to increase susceptibility to the development of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In the regulation of immune and in? ammatory processes, white adipose tissue plays a critical role, not only as an energy store but also as an important endocrine organ. The obese state is characterised by a low-grade systemic in? ammation, mainly as a result of increased adipocytes as well as fat resident-and recruited-macrophage activity. In the past few years, various products of adipose tissue including adipokines and cytokines have been characterised and a number of pathways linking adipose tissue metabolism with the immune system have been identified. Activation of the innate immune system plays a major role in hepatic steatosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease includes a wide spectrum of diseases, from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis in the absence of signif icant alcohol consumption. Although steatosis is considered a non-progressive disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis may deteriorate in advanced chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. An important parallel between obesityrelated pathology of adipose tissue and liver pertains to the emerging role of macrophages, and growing evidence suggests that Kupffer cells critically contribute to progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, a close link between specif ic immune activation and atherosclerosis has been well established, suggesting that fat can directly trigger immune responses. This review discusses the role of fat as 'a matter of disturbance for the immune system' with a focus on hepatic steatosis. | Alessandro Federico Elena D’Aiuto Francesco Borriello Giusi Barra Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Marco Romano Raffaele De Palma | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，38： | 12 |
| 14 | MMC卡的文件系统及其实现方法显示文摘介绍一种基于单片机的MMC上文件系统的实现方法。通过单片机对MMC卡底层的操作,可以方便地实现MMC卡上文件(或目录)的创建、读写、删除等操作。文件可以在Windows下使用读卡器访问。 | 张凯 姜熙君 陈磊 金振成 | 2006 | 单片机与嵌入式系统应用2006，，5： | 12 |
| 15 | Clinical significance of visceral adiposity assessed by computed tomography: A Japanese perspective显示文摘Abdominal obesity,rather than total amount of fat,is linked to obesity-related disorders.Visceral adiposity is an important component of obesity-related disorders in Japanese individuals with a mild degree of adiposity compared with Western subjects.In 1983,our group reported techniques for body fat analysis using computed tomography(CT)and established the concept of visceral fat obesity in which intra-abdominal fat accumulation is an important factor in the development of obesity-related complications,such as diabetes,lipid disorders,hypertension and atherosclerosis.Our group also established ideal imaging conditions for determining abdominal fat area at the umbilical level CT scan.Visceral fat area(VFA)measured in a single slice at L4level correlated significantly with the total abdominal visceral fat volume measured on multislice CT scan.In a large-scale study of a Japanese population,the mean number of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors(hypertension,low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia,and hyperglycemia)was greater than 1.0 at 100 cm2 of VFA,irrespective of gender,age and body mass index.Our group also demonstrated that reduction of visceral fat accumulation subsequent to voluntary lifestyle modification,'Hokenshido',correlated with a decrease in the number of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors.It is important to select the most appropriate subjects from the general population(e.g.,non-obese subjects with a cluster of risk factors for the metabolic syndrome)that are most suitable for body weight reduction,with the goal of preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. | Miwa Ryo Ken Kishida Tadashi Nakamura Tohru Yoshizumi Tohru Funahashi Iichiro Shimomura | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，7： | 11 |
| 16 | 实现实时FAT文件系统的一种简单方法显示文摘出于兼容性等方面的考虑,目前市面上常见的嵌入式智能设备多采用FAT文件系统。然而FAT文件系统由于设计上的缺陷导致实时性比较差。针对这个问题提出了一套简单易行的方案,在不影响兼容性的前提下大幅度改善了FAT文件系统的响应时间(实时性)。 | 刘可嘉 梁阿磊 | 2008 | 计算机工程与应用2008，44，16： | 10 |
| 17 | Polymethylmethacrylate bone cements and additives: A review of the literature显示文摘Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) bone cement technology has progressed from industrial Plexiglass administration in the 1950 s to the recent advent of nanoparticle additives. Additives have been trialed to address problems with modern bone cements such as the loosening of prosthesis, high post-operative infection rates, and inflammatory reduction in interface integrity. This review aims to assess current additives used in PMMA bone cements and offer an insight regarding future directions for this biomaterial. Low index(< 15%) vitamin E and low index(< 5 g) antibiotic impregnated additives significantly address infection and inflammatory problems, with only modest reductions in mechanical strength. Chitosan(15% w/w PMMA) and silver(1% w/w PMMA) nanoparticles have strong antibacterial activity with no significant reduction in mechanical strength. Future work on PMMA bone cements should focus on trialing combinations of these additives as this may enhance favourable properties. | Manit Arora Edward KS Chan Sunil Gupta Ashish D Diwan | 2013 | World Journal of Orthopedics2013，4，2： | 10 |
| 18 | T2 Mapping and Fat Quantification of Thigh Muscles in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy显示文摘Quantitative magnetic resonance image(MRI)in individual muscles may be useful for monitoring disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD).The purpose of this study w批to measure丁2 relaxation time of thigh muscles in children with DMD and healthy boys,and to correlate the T2 relaxation time of muscles with the fat fraction(FF)at quantitative magnetic resonance and results of clinical assessment.Thirty-two boys with DMD and 18 healthy boys were evaluated with T2 mapping and three-point Dixon MRI.Age,body mass index(BMI),muscle strength assessment,timed functional tests(time to walk or run 10 metres,rise from the floor and ascend four stairs),and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment(NSAA)were evaluated.Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the relationships between FF and clinical assessments and T2 relaxation time.The mean T2 relaxation time of thigh muscles in DMD was significantly longer than that in the control group(P<0.05),except for the gracilis(P=0.952).The gracilis,sartorius and adductor longus were relatively spared by fatty infiltration in DMD patients.The T2 relaxation time was correlated significantly with the mean FF in all muscles.Age,BMI,total muscle strength score,timed functional tests and NSAA were significantly correlated with the overall mean T2 relaxation time.T2 mapping may prove clinically useful in monitoring muscle changes as a result of the disease process and in predicting the outcome of DMD patients. | Liang YIN Zhi-ying XIE Hai-yan XU Sui-sheng ZHENG Zhao-xia WANG Jiang-xi XIAO Yun YUAN | 2019 | Current Medical Science2019，39，1： | 10 |
| 19 | SGLT-2 inhibitors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common comorbidity with type 2 diabetes.The existing therapeutic options for NAFLD are not adequate.Hypocaloric diet and exercise is the cornerstone of therapy in NAFLD.Pioglitazone is the only drug recommended in diabetes patients with biopsy proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.The frequent coexistence of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes with their combined adverse health consequences and inadequate therapeutic options makes it necessary to search for newer alternatives.AIM To assess the effect of sodium glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT-2)inhibitors on liver enzymes in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD.METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane library,Google scholar,and Clinicaltrials.gov for the relevant articles to be included in this systematic review.Human studies done in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors for at least 12 wk were included.Data from eight studies(four randomised controlled trials and four observational studies)were extracted and a narrative synthesis was done.A total of 214 patients were treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors in these studies(94 in randomised controlled trials and 120 in observational studies).RESULTS The primary outcome measure was change in serum alanine aminotransferase level.Out of eight studies,seven studies showed a significant decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase level.Most of the studies revealed reduction in serum level of other liver enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase.Five studies that reported a change in hepatic fat exhibited a significant reduction in hepatic fat content in those treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors.Likewise,among the three studies that evaluated a change in indices of hepatic fibrosis,two studies revealed a significant improvement in liver fibrosis.Moreover,there was an improvement in obesity,insulin resistance,glycaemia,and lipid parameters in those subjects taking SGLT-2 inhibitors.The studies disclosed that about 17%(30/176)of the subjects taking SGLT-2 inhibitors developed adverse events and more than 40%(10/23)of them had genitourinary tract infections.CONCLUSION Based on low to moderate quality of evidence,SGLT-2 inhibitors improve the serum level of liver enzymes,decrease liver fat,and fibrosis with additional beneficial effects on various metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD. | Henith Raj Harsh Durgia Rajan Palui Sadishkumar Kamalanathan Sandhiya Selvarajan Sitanshu Sekhar Kar Jayaprakash Sahoo | 2019 | World Journal of Diabetes2019，10，2： | 9 |
| 20 | 基于NOR FLASH的嵌入式FAT文件系统显示文摘本课题就是要设计一套确实可行的方案,将FAT文件系统管理文件/数据的理念应用于FLASH芯片上。本设计采用了数据块使用情况信息表BIM和定位表MAT这两个结构。通过利用NOR FLASH的特性,在不频繁擦写的情况下记录数据块当前状态和擦写次数,将FAT表和数据块磨损信息实时写入到FLASH存储器中。在此基础上制定合理的均衡损耗策略,并实现坏块管理、碎片回收。适用于内存资源有限、对上电时间有要求、可能随时掉电的终端。令终端能够使用标准接口快速存储、访问大容量数据,并提高FLASH器件使用寿命。 | 张鹏 孙甲松 陈从华 | 2017 | 电子设计工程2017，25，23： | 9 |
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