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| 1 | Extension theory and its application显示文摘The article Extension Set and Non-compatible Problems was published in 1983. It proclaimed the birth of extension theory. Its objects of study are contradictory problems in the realistic world; its theoretical pillars are matter element theory and extension set theory. Its basic methods are extension methods. Its practical methods are extension engineering methods, | CAI WenResearch Institute of Matter-Element Analysis , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510090, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，17： | 130 |
| 2 | Research on preservation and enrichment mechanisms of organic matter in muddy sediment and mudstone显示文摘Using multidiscipline methodologies, the differences in preservation and enrichment mechanisms of organic matter (OM) in muddy sediment and mudstone are investigated. In clay fractions, concentra- tions of TOC and chloroform bitumen “A” are significantly higher than those in coarser fractions. This indicates that clay minerals (CM) play an important role in enriching OM. The content of chloroform bitumen “A” increases obviously in the clay fraction, which reveals that dissolvable OM is the main composition of coalesce with clay minerals. Furthermore, TG and DTA data show that OM enrichment mechanisms and preservation forms have multiplicity. Several exothermic peaks in the DTA curves demonstrate that muddy sediment and mudstone contain a number of bioclasts and amorphous OM besides dissolvable OM. Through analyzing with XRD and DTA after mudstone samples were pretreated, the conclusions can be arrived at. Firstly, CM interlayer space of XRD curves and exothermic peaks of DTA curves both change as temperature increases. Secondly, the changes of CM interlayer space and exothermic peaks are concordant and stable around 350℃. All these are the features that OM enters CM interlayers to form stable organo-clay complexes. Therefore, the combination format of OM with CM is not only surface adsorption, partial OM enters CM interlayers to form stable organo-clay complexes. Finally, through the research on OM preservation forms and enrichment mechanisms in muddy sedi- ment and mudstone, the hydrocarbon-generation processes and the global carbon cycle and budget can be explained. | CAI JinGong BAO YuJin YANG ShouYe WANG XingXin FAN DaiDu XU JinLi WANG AiPing | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，5： | 25 |
| 3 | Diffusion kurtosis imaging of microstructural changes in brain tissue affected by acute ischemic stroke in different locations显示文摘The location of an acute ischemic stroke is associated with its prognosis. The widely used Gaussian model-based parameter, apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC), cannot reveal microstructural changes in different locations or the degree of infarction. This prospective observational study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Xiamen Second Hospital, China(approval No. 2014002).Diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI) was used to detect 199 lesions in 156 patients with acute ischemic stroke(61 males and 95 females), mean age 63.15 ± 12.34 years. A total of 199 lesions were located in the periventricular white matter(n = 52), corpus callosum(n = 14), cerebellum(n = 29), basal ganglia and thalamus(n = 21), brainstem(n = 21) and gray-white matter junctions(n = 62). Percentage changes of apparent diffusion coefficient(ΔADC) and DKI-derived indices(fractional anisotropy [ΔFA], mean diffusivity [ΔMD], axial diffusivity [ΔD_a], radial diffusivity ΔDr, mean kurtosis [ΔMK], axial kurtosis [ΔK_a], and radial kurtosis [ΔK_r]) of each lesion were computed relative to the normal contralateral region. The results showed that(1) there was no significant difference in ΔADC, ΔMD, ΔD_a or ΔD_r among almost all locations.(2) There was significant difference in ΔMK among almost all locations(except basal ganglia and thalamus vs. brain stem; basal ganglia and thalamus vs. gray-white matter junctions; and brainstem vs. gray-white matter junctions.(3) The degree of change in diffusional kurtosis in descending order was as follows: corpus callosum > periventricular white matter > brainstem > gray-white matter junctions > basal ganglia and thalamus > cerebellum. In conclusion, DKI could reveal the differences in microstructure changes among various locations affected by acute ischemic stroke, and performed better than diffusivity among all groups. | Liu-Hong Zhu Zhong-Ping Zhang Fu-Nan Wang Qi-Hua Cheng Gang Guo | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，2： | 26 |
| 4 | 等量紫云英条件下化肥用量对早稻养分吸收和干物质积累的影响显示文摘在施用等量紫云英条件下进行了不同化肥用量对早稻养分吸收和干物质积累影响的田间试验。试验结果表明:在翻压紫云英22500kg/hm2的条件下,早稻田可减少化肥用量20%~60%,但是以减少化肥用量20%的效果最佳,能有效促进水稻植株地上部对N、P、K养分的吸收与积累,同时有利于地上部干物质的积累。 | 徐昌旭 谢志坚 许政良 苏全平 李水荣 秦文婧 | 2010 | 江西农业学报2010，22，10： | 21 |
| 5 | 卫星遥感监测近地表细颗粒物多元回归方法研究显示文摘对地基监测PM2.5和气象数据、MODISAOD卫星数据与NCEP FNL数据进行了处理分析,在与一元简单线性模型(模型1)进行对比的基础上,建立了适应于北京及其附近地区遥感监测近地面颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度的多元线性(模型2)和非线性(模型3)回归模型,并对模型进行了评价验证和遥感监测初步应用.结果表明:模型1,2,3分别能够解释PM2.5 32.5%,56.1%,62.7%的变异.反演的PM2.5浓度与站点监测值相关性分别为0.5488(R2=0.3012),0.7449(R2=0.5549),0.7431(R2=0.5523).对于站点监测PM2.5浓度63.1652μg/m3的均值,反演均方根误差RMSE分别为43.5562,35.3321,36.8450μg/m3.模型2和3中气象因子分别能够解释PM2.5 23.6%和12.6%的变异,说明了气象因子影响北京地区春季PM2.5-AOD关系的显著性.3种模型整体上都不同程度地存在着低值高估和高值低估的现象. | 贾松林 苏林 陶金花 王子峰 陈良富 尚华哲 | 2014 | 中国环境科学2014，34，3： | 21 |
| 6 | Effects of long-term green manure application on the content and structure of dissolved organic matter in red paddy soil显示文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of DOM in red paddy soil have not been reported yet. A long-term green manure experiment established in 1982 was utilized to test the DOM contents in different treatments, and the spectral characteristics of DOM were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometry. The experiment included four cropping systems: ricerice-milk vetch(RRV), rice-rice-rape(RRP), rice-rice-ryegrass(RRG) and rice-rice-winter fallow(RRF), among them, milk vetch, rape, and ryegrass are popular winter green manure species in southern China. The results showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon(DOC), which is widely used to estimate the concentration of DOM, was significantly promoted after the incorporation of green manures compared with the other sampling stages. The contents of aromatic groups and the degree of humification of DOM increased in RRV and RRP, suggesting more complex compositions of the soil DOM after long-term application of milk vetch and rape. The contents of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid group at the mature stage of early rice were significantly higher than those at the stage of after green manures turned over, especially for the RRV treatment. The absorption ratio of FTIR indicated that winter plantation of rape increased the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio, and ryegrass increased the aromatic-C/carboxyl-C ratio. In conclusion, long-term planting of milk vetch and rape as green manures increased the degree of aromaticity, humification and average molecular weight of DOM, and made the DOM more stable in red paddy soil. | GAO Song-juan GAO Ju-sheng CAO Wei-dong ZOU Chun-qin HUANG Jing BAI Jinshun DOU Fu-gen | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，8： | 21 |
| 7 | Integration of Growing Milk Vetch in Winter and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Can Improve Rice Yield in Double-Rice Cropping System显示文摘To study whether integrative fertilization [growing milk vetch in winter and reducing the dose of chemical nitrogen(N) fertilizer] can improve rice yield, and to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms for integrative fertilization, a three-year field trial including two treatments, milk vetch-rice-rice(MRR) and winter fallow-rice-rice(FRR), was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012.Our results demonstrated that the MRR treatment could significantly improve rice yield compared with the FRR treatment, especially when the application ratio of milk vetch and chemical fertilizer was 1:2.MRR treatment increased the effective panicle number and the spikelet number per panicle.In addition, a higher tillering number, leaf area index, photosynthetic-potential and photosynthetic-potential to grain ratio were observed in MRR treatment, which could provide enough dry matter for yield formation.Moreover, in MRR treatment, we discovered a higher transportation ratio and transformation ratio of dry matter in culm and leaves, and a stronger total sink capacity and spikelet-root bleeding intensity at the heading stage and 15 d after heading.Furthermore, the MRR treatment showed higher total N, phosphorus and potassium uptakes than FRR treatment, which was associated with the higher root dry weight in each soil layers.These results suggest that growing milk vetch in winter can improve rice yield under less chemical N fertilizer application, which is due to the improvement of soil nutrient status and the increased of rice root growth and development. | ZHOU Chun-huo ZHAO Zun-kang PAN Xiao-hua HUANG Shan TAN Xue-ming WU Jian-fu SHI Qing-hua | 2016 | Rice science2016，23，3： | 18 |
| 8 | Quantitative analysis of soil pores under natural vegetation successions on the Loess Plateau显示文摘Soil pore is a key attribute of the soil structure that affects soil reservoir under natural vegetation recovery on the Loess Plateau.This study is to quantitatively analyze soil pore parameters,measured with Computed Tomography(CT) at 15-57 mm depths under five different vegetation succession stages using a concept of substituting 'space' for 'time' in the Ziwuling Forest Region of the Loess Plateau.The results showed that the soil pore parameters,such as pore number,porosity,circularity,and fractal dimension,increased significantly under the natural vegetation successions and varied with the pattern climax community stage>pioneering arbor community stage>scrub community stage>herbaceous community stage>abandoned farmland stage,indicating that natural vegetation recovery could remarkably improve soil pore characteristics.With the vegetation succession,this positive effect will be strengthened gradually,which means that the soil pore parameters may appear to be best at the climax community stage.Soil organic matter content increased linearly with the soil pore parameters(P<0.001).Increased organic matter accumulation was one of the major reasons for the changes in soil pore characteristics in natural vegetation succession. | ZHAO ShiWei1,ZHAO YongGang1,2 & WU JinShui3 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3 Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，4： | 14 |
| 9 | Vascular cognitive impairment, a cardiovascular complication显示文摘Over the past two decades, the term vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) has been used to refer to a spectrum of cognitive decline characterized by executive dysfunction, associated with vascular pathology. With 30% of stroke survivors showing cognitive impairments, it is regarded as the most common cause of cognitive impairment. This is a narrative review of available literature citing sources from Pub Med, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. VCI has a high prevalence both before and after a stroke and is associated with great economic and caregiver burden. Despite this, there is no standardized diagnostic criteria for VCI. Hypertension has been identified as a risk factor for VCI and causes changes in cerebral vessel structure and function predisposing to lacuna infarcts and small vessel haemorrhages in the frontostriatal loop leading to executive dysfunction and other cognitive impairments. Current trials have shown promising results in the use of antihypertensive medications in the management of VCI and prevention of disease progression to vascular dementia. Prevention of VCI is necessary in light of the looming dementia pandemic. All patients with cardiovascular risk factors would therefore benefit from cognitive screening with screening instruments sensitive to executive dysfunction as well as prompt and adequate control of hypertension. | Adiukwu Frances Ofori Sandra Ugbomah Lucy | 2016 | World Journal of Psychiatry2016，6，2： | 14 |
| 10 | Geochemical Studies on Organic Carbon Isotope of the Huanghe River(Yellow River)Estuary显示文摘The concentrations of the particulate organic carbon (POC) and its isotopic compositions inthe freshwater in the lower reaches of the Huanghe River were observed for one year period.The annualfluxes of the POC and total carbon of the Huanghe River entering seas were estimated,in combination withthe available data on carbon in the dissolved state in literature.For this study 295 water samples and 115sediment ones from 118 stations were collected on three separate cruises to the Huanghe Estuary and morethan 400 organic carbon isotope data were obtained.After the comprehensive study a new model was con-structed on the dispersion of fine-grained suspended matter entering seas from the Huanghe River in combi-nation with contents of suspended matter,concentrations of POC in water samples and grain size parame-ters,contents of organic carbon in sediment samples. | 蔡德陵 | 1994 | Science China Chemistry1994，37，8： | 13 |
| 11 | Organic geochemical studies of sinking particulate material in China sea area(I)──Organic matter fluxes and distributional features of hydrocarbon compounds and fatty acids显示文摘Sinking particulate material collected from Nansha Yongshu reef lagoon and the continental shelf of the East China Sea by sediment traps has been analyzed and studied for the first time using organic geochemical method. The results show that about half of the sinking particulate organic matter in the two study areas are consumed before reaching the depth of 5 m to the sea floor and the degree of this consumption in Yongshu reef lagoon is larger than that in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. The distributions of hydrocarbons and fatty acids indicate that the minor difference of biological sources of sinking particulate organic matter exists between Yongshu reef lagoon and the continental shelf of the East China Sea, but they mainly come from marine plankton. Stronger biological and biochemical transformations of sinking particulate organic matter are also observed and the intensity of this transformation in Yongshu reef lagoon is greater than that in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. It is found that the occurrence of C 25 highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) diene may be related to the composition of diatom species. | 段毅 宋金明 崔明中 罗斌杰 | 1998 | Science China Earth Sciences1998，41，2： | 12 |
| 12 | Are humic substances soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds?A perspective on their distinctiveness显示文摘Humic substances(HS),which are defined as a series of highly acidic,relatively high-molecular-weight,and yellow to black colored substances formed during the decay and transformation of plant and microbial remains,ubiquitously occur in nature.Humic substances represent the largest stable organic carbon pool in terrestrial environments and are the central characteristic of the soil.However,the validity of the HS concept and the justification of their extraction procedure have been recently debated.Here,we argue that the traditional humic paradigm is still relevant.Humic substances are distinctive and complex because the extracted HS formed during the humification are chemically distinct from their precursors and are heterogeneous among soils.By reviewing the concept,formation pathways,and stabilization of HS,we propose that the key question facing soil scientists is whether HS are soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds.Without revealing the distinctiveness of HS,it is impossible to address this question,as the structure,composition,and reactivity of HS are still poorly known owing to the heterogeneity and geographical variability of HS and the limits of the currently available analytical techniques.In our view,the distinctiveness of HS is fundamental to the soil,and thus further studies should be focused on revealing the distinctiveness of HS and explaining why HS hold this distinctiveness. | Sen DOU Jun SHAN Xiangyun SONG Rui CAO Meng WU Chenglin LI Song GUAN | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，2： | 12 |
| 13 | Effect of Organic Matter Type and Maturity on Organic Matter Pore Formation of Transitional Facies Shales: A Case Study on Upper Permian Longtan and Dalong Shales in Middle Yangtze Region, China显示文摘Organic matter(OM)nanopores developed in transitional facies shales,i.e.,the Upper Permian Longtan and Dalong Formations in the Yangtze Platform,China,were investigated to determine the corre-sponding influence of thermal maturity and OM types within the geological conditions.A suite of 16 core samples were taken from Type-Ⅲ Longtan shales and Type-Ⅱ Dalong shales from two wells covering a ma-turity(Ro,vitrinite reflectance)ranging from 1.22%to 1.43%and 2.62%to 2.97%,respectively.Integrated analysis of the shale samples was carried out,including field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),low-pressure N2 and CO2 adsorption,high-pressure CH4 adsorption,and mercury intrusion capillary pressure(MICP)analysis.The fluid inclusions of liquid and gas hydrocarbons trapped in calcite vein samples in Dalong shales of two wells were studied using laser Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy.FE-SEM images indicated that OM pores in different formations varied substantially in terms of shape,size,and distribution density.OM pores in Type-Ⅱ Dalong shales of Well XY1 were mainly micropore,sparsely distributed in the gas-prone kerogen with a spot-like and irregular shape,while bitumen rarely developed observable pores.In contrast,the morphology of OM pores in Type-Ⅲ Longtan shales were significantly different,which was due to differences in the OM type.The primary OM pores in some terrestrial woody debris in Longtan shales had a relatively larger pore diameter,ranging from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers and were al-most all rounded in shape,which might be one of the factors contributing to larger pore volume and gas adsorption capacity than Dalong shales of Well XY1.Comparing Dalong shales of Well XY1 with relatively lower thermal maturity,there were abundant spongy-like pores,densely developed in the pyrobitumen in Type-Ⅱ Dalong shales of Well EY1,with an irregular shape and diameter ranging from several to hundreds of nanometers.Many blue fluorescent oil inclusions and a small number of CH4 inclusions mixed with C2H6 could be observed within calcite veins in Dalong shales of Well XY1,whereas only CH4 inclusions could be identified within calcite veins in Dalong shales of Well EJ1.Therefore,thermal maturity not only controlled the type of hydrocarbons generated,but also makes a significant contribution to the formation of OM pores,resulting in larger pore volumes and adsorption capacity of Type-Ⅱ shale samples in the dry gas window. | Zhongrui Wu Sheng He Yuanjia Han Gangyi Zhai Xipeng He Zhi Zhou | 2020 | Journal of Earth Science2020，31，2： | 12 |
| 14 | Differential retardation of organic matter maturation by overpressure显示文摘The thermal evolution of organic matter (OM) is composed of a series of reactions that are paralell and successive with each other. Different reactions have different activation energy, different rates of product concentration variation, and different volume expansion effects, and therefore have different responses to overpressure, which determines the differential retardation of different OM maturation reactions and maturity parameters. Based upon comprehensive studies on the OM maturation in different pressure systems in the Yinggehai, Qiongdongnan and Bohai Bay basins, 4 hierarchies of overpressure retardation have been recognized. (1) OM maturation in all aspects has been retarded by overpressure. (2) The thermal evolution of hydrocarbons and thermal degradation of hydrogen-rich kerogens has been retarded, but the thermal evolution of hydrogen-poor kerogen components has not been affected by overpressure. As a result, vitrinite reflectance has not been retarded. (3) The thermal cracking of hydrocarbons has been retarded, yet overpressure has had little or no effect on thermal degradation of kerogens. (4) Overpressure has no detectable effect on all aspects of OM maturation. The hierarchy that overpressure has retarded all aspects of OM maturation is the combined result of early overpressure (overpressure began to develop when the source rock was still immature) and the protracted maintenances of closed fluid system. Any case that overpressure had developed too late, or overpressure was too small to reach the threshold values, or overpressured fluid had been frequently released, could give rise to the occurrence of state 4 that overpressure had no detectable effect on all aspects of OM maturation. It seems that in many basins, overpressure retardation of hierarchies 2 and 3 developed where the most commonly used maturity parameter, vitrinite reflectance, had not been affected. In theses cases, multiple parameters must be used to distinguish overpressure retardation. | HAO Fang1,2, JIANG Jianqun1, ZOU Huayao1, FANG Yong1 & ZENG Zhiping2 1. Key Lab for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism in the Ministry of Education, Petroleum University, Beijing 102249, China 2. Department of Petroleum Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，9： | 11 |
| 15 | Dark Matter Particle Explorer: The First Chinese Cosmic Ray and Hard γ-ray Detector in Space显示文摘The Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE) mission is one of the five scientific space science missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Science(CAS) approved in 2011. The main scientific objective of DAMPE is to detect electrons and photons in the range of 5 GeV–10 TeV with unprecedented energy resolution(1.5% at 100 GeV) in order to identify possible Dark Matter(DM) signatures. It will also measure the flux of nuclei up to above 500 TeV with excellent energy resolution(40% at 800 GeV), which will bring new insights to the origin and propagation high energy cosmic rays. With its excellent photon detection capability, the DAMPE mission is well placed for new discoveries in high energy-ray astronomy as well. | CHANG Jin | 2014 | 空间科学学报2014，34，5： | 11 |
| 16 | Exposure to ambient air particulate matter and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. For far too long literature data have been fixated on pulmonary diseases and/or cardiovascular disease, as consequence of particulate exposure, ignoring the link between the explosion of obesity with related syndromes such as NAFLD and air pollution, the worst characteristics of nowadays civilization. In order to delineate a clear picture of this major health problem, further studies should investigate whether and at what extent cigarette smoking and exposure to ambient air PM 2.5 impact the natural history of patients with obesity-related NAFLD,i.e. , development of non alcoholic steatohepatitis, disease characterized by a worse prognosis due its progression towards fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma. | Giovanni Tarantino Domenico Capone Carmine Finelli | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，25： | 11 |
| 17 | Effect of initial material bulk density and easily-degraded organic matter content on temperature changes during composting of cucumber stalk显示文摘To inactivate the potentially pathogenic microorganisms and safely utilize vegetable waste compost, ultra-high temperatures(> 70°C) should be maintained during the composting without having an inhibitory effect on maturity. This study investigated the influence of bulk density(part 1) and easily-degraded organic matter content(EDOMC, part 2) on temperature evolution during vegetable waste composting: Part 1: corn straw with different particle sizes was used to achieve different bulk densities in the composting material(BD1–BD3); Part 2: partial or total substitution of the corn straw by corn starch was carried out to obtain different EDOMC(ED1–ED4). The composting experiments were conducted in a labscale reactor(1.75 kg material) and lasted for 30 d. Temperature and CO2 emission were recorded daily, and the organic matter, lignocellulose, microbial activity, germination index(GI) and C/N of the samples were measured at different stages. The highest temperature(65.7°C) in part 1 occurred in the treatment with the bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3, which also had the longest thermophilic phase. Bulk density was found to seriously influence the utilization efficiency of O2 and heat transfer through materials, rather than heat production from organic matter degradation. In experiment part 2, the highest temperature was obtained with EDOMC of 45%(71.4°C). Therefore, adjusting the bulk density to 0.35 g/cm3 and the easily-degraded organic matter content of the initial material to 45% was the best combination for reaching temperatures above 70°C during composting, with no inhibitory effect on the maturity of the compost product. | Ruixue Chang Qiuyue Guo Qing Chen Maria Pilar Bernal Qian Wang Yanming Li | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，6： | 11 |
| 18 | The summer monsoon evolution recorded by carbon isotope of organic matter from the Yuanbao loess section during the Last Interglaciation显示文摘Based on the carbon isotope record of organic matter from the Yuanbao loess section, northwestern China, five enhanced summer monsoon events were observed at this area during the Last Interglaciation. Such events were also recorded by the paleosol layers, pollen assemblage and magnetic susceptibility. It is suggested that the enhanced summer monsoon leads to the shift of vegetation type, which results in the change of δ13C value of organic matter in the paleosol layer. It appears that the δ13C of organic matter is a good indicator for the summer monsoon variation. Among these five events, the first, second and the fifth reached their maximum smoothly, but the other two had experienced a less cold stage before reaching their peaks, which suggests that the mechanisms of such events may be different. | Yong He Dahe Qin Jiawen Ren Fengxia Li | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，15： | 10 |
| 19 | Differential neuronal reprogramming induced by NeuroD1 from astrocytes in grey matter versus white matter显示文摘A new technology called in vivo glia-to-neuron conversion has emerged in recent years as a promising next generation therapy for neural regeneration and repair. This is achieved through reprogramming endogenous glial cells into neurons in the central nervous system through ectopically expressing neural transcriptional factors in glial cells. Previous studies have been focusing on glial cells in the grey matter such as the cortex and striatum, but whether glial cells in the white matter can be reprogrammed or not is unknown. To address this fundamental question, we express NeuroD1 in the astrocytes of both grey matter(cortex and striatum) and white matter(corpus callosum) to investigate the conversion efficiency, neuronal subtypes, and electrophysiological features of the converted neurons. We discover that NeuroD1 can efficiently reprogram the astrocytes in the grey matter into functional neurons, but the astrocytes in the white matter are much resistant to neuronal reprogramming. The converted neurons from cortical and striatal astrocytes are composed of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, capable of firing action potentials and having spontaneous synaptic activities. In contrast, the few astrocyte-converted neurons in the white matter are rather immature with rare synaptic events. These results provide novel insights into the differential reprogramming capability between the astrocytes in the grey matter versus the white matter, and highlight the impact of regional astrocytes as well as microenvironment on the outcome of glia-toneuron conversion. Since human brain has large volume of white matter, this study will provide important guidance for future development of in vivo glia-to-neuron conversion technology into potential clinical therapies. Experimental protocols in this study were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University(approval No. IACUC-20180321-03) on March 21, 2018. | Min-Hui Liu Wen Li Jia-Jun Zheng Yu-Ge Xu Qing He Gong Chen | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，2： | 10 |
| 20 | 水泥窑PM_(2.5)排放特性及其PAHs风险分析显示文摘采用荷电低压颗粒物撞击器(ELPI)、便携式PM2.5采样器和稀释系统,对国内3家新型干法水泥生产厂(5条生产线)的水泥窑(包括窑头和窑尾)进行现场采样,分析水泥窑排放PM2.5的质量浓度、粒数浓度及其中的多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度,对呼吸致癌风险进行评价.结果表明:从粒数浓度分析,PM2.5中70%以上为PM0.33,这部分颗粒物主要是由气化凝结形成的.各采样点排放的PAHs主要以二环和三环的低环PAHs为主.第3个水泥厂窑头排放的PAHs含量最高,而且苯并[a]芘(BaP)超过国家所规定的8ng/m3标准限值,同时其呼吸致癌风险水平为4.46×10-4,高于可接受致癌风险水平的上限,需要有效处理. | 韦琳 唐海龙 郭盈盈 邹正禹 刘阳生 | 2014 | 中国环境科学2014，34，5： | 9 |
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