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| 1 | Rho/ROCK pathway and neural regeneration: a potential therapeutic target for central nervous system and optic nerve damage显示文摘· Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine kinase and one of the major downstream effectors of the small GTPase RhoA. The Rho/ROCK pathway is closely related to the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and involved in many aspects of neuronal functions including neurite outgrowth and retraction. In the adult CNS, the damaged neuron regeneration is very difficult due to the presence of myelin-associated axon growth inhibitors such as Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (Omgp), etc. The effects of these axon growth inhibitors are reversed by blocking the Rho/ROCK pathway in vitro, and the inhibition of Rho/ROCK pathway can promote axon regeneration and functional recovery in the injured CNS in vivo. In addition, the therapeutic effects of the Rho/ROCK inhibitors have also been demonstrated in some animal models and the Rho/ROCK pathway becomes an attractive target for the development of drugs for treating CNS disorders. In this review, we summarized on the effect of the Rho and the downstream factor ROCK in neural regeneration, and the potential therapeutic effect of Rho/ROCK inhibitors in the survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells was also discussed. · | Hai-Bo Tan Yi-Sheng Zhong Yu Cheng and Xi Shen | 2011 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2011，4，6： | 31 |
| 2 | Analyses of hot and humid weather in Beijing city in summer and its dynamical identification显示文摘The circulation, hygrothermal property and moisture transport character of typical hot and humid weather were analyzed in Beijing areas from July 30 to August 4, 2002. It was pointed out that, under the control of subtropical anticyclone which stretches to the west and north, downdraft suppresses the lifting of lower-troposphere moisture, which makes moisture keep in the lower troposphere. That is the direct reason causing hot and humid weather. Considering the non-uniformity saturated character in real atmosphere, generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) equation is derived by the introduction of generalized moist potential temperature concept. The analysis of GMPV shows that negative GMPV anomaly occurs in the lower troposphere. It has indicative sense to hot and humid weather. Thus, the GMPV anomaly can be utilized to identify this kind of weather and to make a short-term prediction. | GAO Shouting ZHOU Yushu LEI Ting SUN Jianhua | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z2： | 30 |
| 3 | A New Potential Function With Many-Atom Interactions in Solid显示文摘Based on the many-atom interaction model and valence bond theory of metals, a new potential function for the interaction among atoms in solid is proposed in the present work. Because the reduced bond length is taken as variable, the new potential function can be simplified to have the form analogous to the Lennard-Jones potential. Accoroding to Debye model, a series of equations for calculating various elasticities and constants K and Q in Gruneisen equation have been derived from the new potential function. The application of the new potential function to Ni, Cu and five alkli metals shows that these equations are correct. | 谢佑卿 | 1993 | Science China Mathematics1993，36，1： | 27 |
| 4 | Quantification of soil organic carbon sequestration potential in cropland:A model approach显示文摘Agroecosystems have a critical role in the terrestrial carbon cycling process.Soil organic carbon(SOC) in cropland is of great importance for mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide increases and for global food security.With an understanding of soil carbon saturation,we analyzed the datasets from 95 global long-term agricultural experiments distributed across a vast area spanning wide ranges of temperate,subtropical and tropical climates.We then developed a statistical model for estimating SOC sequestration potential in cropland.The model is driven by air temperature,precipitation,soil clay content and pH,and explains 58% of the variation in the observed soil carbon saturation(n=76).Model validation using independent data observed in China yielded a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.74(n=19,P<0.001).Model sensitivity analysis suggested that soils with high clay content and low pH in the cold,humid regions possess a larger carbon sequestration potential than other soils.As a case study,we estimated the SOC sequestration potential by applying the model in Henan Province.Model estimations suggested that carbon(C) density at the saturation state would reach an average of 32 t C ha-1 in the top 0-20 cm soil depth.Using SOC density in the 1990s as a reference,cropland soils in Henan Province are expected to sequester an additional 100 Tg C in the future. | QIN ZhangCai & HUANG Yao* State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 26 |
| 5 | Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel显示文摘The types, morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attached to SEM. Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP. The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels. The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels. The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size. The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about 0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur. Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was (14-20)×10-6, which can act as a micro-alloying element. The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test. Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively. The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods. The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth. Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation. The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions. | 岳丽杰 王龙妹 韩金生 | 2010 | Journal of Rare Earths2010，28，6： | 25 |
| 6 | Aggregation-induced emission: a coming-of-age ceremony at the age of eighteen显示文摘Aggregation-induced emission(AIE) has drawn great attention worldwide for its unique optical phenomenon and huge potential applications. Since coined by Ben Zhong Tang et al. in 2001, AIE has been deeply investigated and widely utilized in many important areas, such as organic light-emitting diode(OLED), sensor, and bio-imaging. Herein, we highlight some important progress of AIE in these eighteen years, including the exploration of internal mechanism and potential applications. Furthermore,some other interestingly emissive behaviors, originating but distinguishing from the AIE concept, are presented. It is anticipated an overall understanding about AIE could be easily caught from this short review for scientists, no matter whether they are involved in this exciting and rising research area or not. | Jie Yang Zhenguo Chi Weihong Zhu Ben Zhong Tang Zhen Li | 2019 | Science China Chemistry2019，62，9： | 25 |
| 7 | Impacts of LUCC processes on potential land productivity in China in the 1990s显示文摘Using meteorological data and RS dynamic land-use observation data set, the po-tential land productivity that is limited by solar radiation and temperature is estimated and the impacts of recent LUCC processes on it are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the influence of LUCC processes on potential land productivity change has extensive and unbal-anced characteristics. It generally reduces the productivity in South China and increases it in North China, and the overall effect is increasing the total productivity by 26.22 million tons. The farmland reclamation and original farmlands losses are the primary causes that led potential land productivity to change. The reclamation mostly distributed in arable-pasture and arable-forest transitional zones and oasises in northwestern China has made total productivity increase by 83.35 million tons, accounting for 3.50% of the overall output. The losses of original farmlands driven by built-up areas invading and occupying arable land are mostly distributed in the regions which have rapid economic development, e.g. Huang-Huai-Hai plain, Yangtze River delta, Zhu-jiang delta, central part of Gansu, southeast coastal region, southeast of Sichuan Basin and Urumqi-Shihezi. It has led the total productivity to decrease 57.13 million tons, which is 2.40% of the overall output. | LIU Jiyuan XU Xinliang ZHUANG Dafang GAO Zhiqiang | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，8： | 22 |
| 8 | Aridity/humidity status of land surface in China during the last three decades显示文摘To clarify aridity/humidity status of land surface is helpful for studying environmental background and regional differences, seeking causes of environmental change, and providing a scientific basis for researches on climate change in the future. In this paper, the authors calcu- lated potential evapotranspiration of China using data from 616 meteorological stations during the period of 1971―2000 with the Penman-Monteith model recommanded by FAO in 1998. Vy- sothkii’s model was used to calculate aridity/humidity index. Then the calculated results of sta- tions were interpolated to land surface using ArcGIS. Results show that the annual average po- tential evapotranspiration is 400―1500 mm in the whole country, 600―800 mm in most parts of it; and 350―1400 mm in growing season (April―Octobor), which is nearly 200 mm less than the annual average. According to the aridity/humidity indexes of 1.0, 1.5 and 4.0, the aridity/humidity status is categorized to four types, namely, humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. A majority of stations (76%) are more humid in growing season than the annual average. Results of com- prisons between the distribution map of aridity/humidity index with that of precipitation and vegetation indicate a good consistence of aridity/humidity status with natural environment. Therefore potential evapotranspiration calculated with modified FAO’s Penman-Monteith model in combination with aridity/humidity index that considers water balance can more reasonably explain the actual land surface aridity/humidity status of China. | WU Shaohong1, YIN Yunhe1,2, ZHENG Du1 & YANG Qinye1 1. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate School of the CAS, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，9： | 22 |
| 9 | A Survey of Unbalanced Flow Diagnostics and Their Application显示文摘This paper presents an extensive survey of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing unbalanced flow in the atmosphere, namely the Lagrangian Rossby number, Psi vector, divergence equation, nonlinear balance equation, generalized omega-equation, and departure from fields obtained by potential vorticity (PV) inversion. The basic thoery, assumptions as well as implementation and limitations for each of the tools are all discussed. These tools are applied to high-resolution mesoscale model data to assess the role of unbalanced dynamics in the generation of a mesoscale gravity wave event over the East Coast of the United States. Comparison of these tools in this case study shows that these various methods agree to a large extent with each other though they differ in details. | Fuqing Zhang Steven E. Koch Christopher A. Davis and Michael L. Kaplan | 2000 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2000，17，2： | 22 |
| 10 | Optimal performance of a generalized irreversible four-reservoir isothermal chemical potential transformer显示文摘A new cyclic model of a four-reservoir isothermal chemical potential transformer with irreversible mass transfer, mass leakage and internal dissipation is put forward in this paper. The optimal relation be-tween the coefficient of performance (COP) and the rate of energy pumping of the generalized irre-versible four-reservoir isothermal chemical potential transformer has been derived by using finite-time thermodynamics or thermodynamic optimization. The maximum COP and the corresponding rate of energy pumping, as well as the maximum rate of energy pumping and the corresponding COP, have been obtained. Moreover, the influences of the irreversibility on the optimal performance of the iso-thermal chemical potential transformer have been revealed. It was found that the mass leakage affects the optimal performance both qualitatively and quantitatively, while the internal dissipation affects the optimal performance quantitatively. The results obtained herein can provide some new theoretical guidelines for the optimal design and development of a class of isothermal chemical potential trans-formers, such as mass exchangers, electrochemical, photochemical and solid state devices, fuel pumps, etc. | XIA Dan CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2008 | Science China Chemistry2008，51，10： | 20 |
| 11 | Assessing current faulting behaviors and seismic risk of the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault zone from seismicity parameters显示文摘Using the data of regional seismic network, this paper analyzes the current faulting behaviors of different segmentsof the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault zone, western Sichuan, and identifies the likely risky segments for potential largeearthquakes. The authors map the probable asperities from the abnormally low b-value distribution, develop andemploy a method for identifying current faulting behaviors of individual fault segment from the combinations ofmultiple seismicity parameter values, and make an effort to estimate the average recurrence intervals of character-istic earthquakes by using the parameters of magnitude-frequency relationship of the asperity segment. The resultsuggests that the studied fault zone contains 5 segments of different current faulting behaviors. Among them, theMianning-Xichang segment of the Anninghe fault has been locked under high stress, its central part is probably anasperity with a relatively large scale. The Xichang-Puge segment of the Zemuhe fault displays very low seismicityunder low stress. Both the locked segment and the low-seismicity segment can be outlined on the across-profile ofrelocated hypocenter depths. The Mianning-Xichang segment is identified to be the one with potential large earth-quake risk, for which the average recurrence interval between the latest M= 6.7 earthquake in 1952 and the nextcharacteristic event is estimated to be 55 to 67 years, and the magnitude of the potential earthquake between 7.0and 7.5. Also, it has been preliminarily suggested that for a certain fault segment, its faulting behaviors maychange and evolve with time gradually. | 易桂喜 闻学泽 范军 王思维 | 2004 | Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition)2004，17，3： | 19 |
| 12 | QMEC:a tool for high-throughput quantitative assessment of microbial functional potential in C,N,P,and S biogeochemical cycling显示文摘Microorganisms are major drivers of elemental cycling in the biosphere. Determining the abundance of microbial functional traits involved in the transformation of nutrients, including carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and sulfur(S), is critical for assessing microbial functionality in elemental cycling. We developed a high-throughput quantitative-PCR-based chip, Quantitative microbial element cycling(QMEC), for assessing and quantifying the genetic potential of microbiota to mineralize soil organic matter and to release C, N, P and S. QMEC contains 72 primer pairs targeting 64 microbial functional genes for C, N, P, S and methane metabolism. These primer pairs were characterized by high coverage(average of 18–20 phyla covered per gene)and sufficient specificity(>70% match rate) with a relatively low detection limit(7–102 copies per run). QMEC was successfully applied to soil and sediment samples, identifying significantly different structures, abundances and diversities of the functional genes(P<0.05). QMEC was also able to determine absolute gene abundance. QMEC enabled the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of 72 genes from 72 samples in one run, which is promising for comprehensively investigating microbially mediated ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles in various environmental contexts including those of the current global change. | Bangxiao Zheng Yongguan Zhu Jordi Sardans Josep Penuelas Jianqiang Su | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，12： | 18 |
| 13 | Using specific secondary metabolites as markers to evaluate allelopathic potentials of rice varieties and individual plants显示文摘It is a key of the breeding of ailelopathic rice cultivars to evaluate and screen few accessions with ailelopathic traits from numerous rice accessions and individual plants. Rice varieties and individual plants with ailelopathic traits demonstrated their ailelopathic effects by producing and releasing specific secondary metabolites into environment. Therefore, using specific secondary metabolites as markers, the ailelopathic potentials of rice varieties and individual plants could be evaluated by HPLC. The ailelopathic potentials of 3000 rice accessions and some individual plants of F3 and F4 were evaluated by this method in 1 a. If these accessions and plants were evaluated by the traditional method in the field, it would take more than 10 a, furthermore, the breeding process of ailelopathic rice cultivars would be directed and monitored by this method. Isolation and structural identification of specific secondary metabolites was done by LC/MS coupling 1H and 13C NMR. It revealed that allelochemicals | KONG Chuihua XU Xiaohua HU Fei CHEN Xionghui LING Bing TAN Zhongwen | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，10： | 17 |
| 14 | Studies on the analytical potential energy function of diatomic molecular ion XY^+ using variational method显示文摘A new analytical potential energy function for diatomic molecular ion XY+ is proposed based on the energy consistent method (ECM). The Coulomb potential included in the new ionic potential contains multipole corrections, converges quickly and is variationally changeable. The new potential and the ECM are applied to variationally studying the potential energies of eight electronic states of several diatomic molecular ions: the A2P state of CO+, the X2+g state of 2+Li, the X2+g state of 2,+Hethe 12Pu state of ,+2Nathe A2Pu state of ,+2N the X1S+ state of KrH+, the X2S+ state of SiO+ and the A2P state of SO+ ion. The present results agree excellently with the experiment-based Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) potentials, and are superior to the commonly used Huxley-Murrell-Sorbie (HMS) analytical potentials, and are better in some cases than some quantum mechanical ab initio potentials in the ionic asymptotic and dissociation regions. | LIU Guoyue1,3, SUN Weiguo1,2 & FENG Hao1 1. Institute of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China 2. College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China 3. Mianyang Teacher抯 College, Mianyang 621000, China Correspondence should be addressed to Sun Weiguo (e-mail: weiguosun@x263.net or guoyueliu@ sohu.com) | 2004 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2004，47，2： | 15 |
| 15 | 中国小麦秸秆纤维潜力研究(英文)显示文摘Based on researches of the crop potential productivity,the potential productivity of light,temperature,water and land from wheat in China were calculated respectively,and converted into the potential productivity of wheat straw according to the coefficient of grain-straw ratio of wheat.Furthermore,based on the wheat planting area in 2006,the potential yield of wheat straw fiber in China was estimated.The results showed that the potential yield of wheat straw fiber in China could reach 94.91 million ton,which could provide evidence for the further potential analysis of bio-ethanol. | 张敏 杨曼曼 陈伟强 宋安东 | 2008 | Agricultural Science & Technology2008，9，5： | 15 |
| 16 | THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF VIBRATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL EXCITATION CROSS SECTIONS FOR He-H_2 COLLISION显示文摘In this paper, Tang-Toennies potential is applied to the He-H2 system and the variationof A, b and C2n with r is formulated. The dispersion coefficients obtained are in fairly goodagreement with those acquired by the universally accepted method of Meyer et al. and theyalso conform with the outcome that K. T. Tang and J. Peter Toennies achieved. As a result,the He-H2 potential function done by the author matches, when r and R are varied, the resu-1ts calculated by Meyer within large region. Using such a potential function, the author hascomputed the forty-four different kinds of vibrational and rotational excitation cross sectionsfor He-H2 collision, and conducted research on the changing patterns of the partial wavecross sections for elastic atom-molecule collision and the partial wave excitation cross sectionsfor inelastic collision with the increase of quantum number. | 杨向东 | 1991 | Science China Mathematics1991，34，1： | 14 |
| 17 | Herz-type Sobolev and Bessel potential spaces and their applications显示文摘The Herz-type Sobolev spaces are introduced and the Sobolev theorem is established. The Herz-type Bessel potential spaces and the relation between the Herz-type Sobolev spaces and Bessel potential spaces are discussed. As applications of these theories, some regularity results of nonlinear quantities appearing in the compensated compactness theory on Herz-type Hardy spaces are given. | 陆善镇 杨大春 | 1997 | Science China Mathematics1997，40，2： | 14 |
| 18 | Enhancing mechanical behaviors of collapsible soil using two biopolymers显示文摘This study aims to investigate the possibility of using biopolymer(environmental friendly material) to enhance the mechanical behaviors of collapsible soil.Two types of biopolymers were(xanthan gum and guar gum) used in this study due to their stable behaviors under severe conditions and their availability with reasonable prices.The experimental program focused on three major soil properties,i.e.compaction characterizations,collapsible potential and shear parameters.These three properties are essential in process of soil improvement.Different biopolymer concentrations were used in this study and the experimental program was performed at two curing periods(soon after mixing the soil with the biopolymer and after one week curing time).Shear parameters were measured for the treated specimens under both soaked and unsoaked conditions,while a collapsible potential test was performed under different mixing conditions(wet mix and dry mix).A numerical model was built to predict the behavior of the treated collapsible soil after and before water immersing.The results indicated that the ability of both xanthan gum and guar gum can be used as improvement materials for collapsible soil treatment.The collapsible potential has been reduced from 9%to 1%after mixing the soil with 2%biopolymer concentration in the wet case.After one week curing,the cohesion has been increased from 8.5 kPa to105 kPa by increasing the xanthan gum concentration from zero to 2%,leading to an overall improvement in soil shear strength.It also proves that the guar gum is superior to the xanthan gum.The shear strength of soil can be increased by about 30%when using the guar gum in comparison with the xanthan gum at the same conditions;however,the collapsible potential of soil material will be reduced by about 20%. | Mohamed Ayeldeen Abdelazim Negm Mostafa El-Sawwaf Masaki Kitazume | 2017 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2017，9，2： | 14 |
| 19 | Basement faults and volcanic rock distributions in the Ordos Basin显示文摘Volcanic rocks in the Ordos Basin are of mainly two types: one in the basin and the other along the margin of the basin. Besides those along the margin, the marginal volcanic rocks also include the volcanic rocks in the Yinshanian orogenic belt north of the basin. Based on the latest collection of gravitational and aeromagnetic data, here we interpret basement faults in the Ordos Basin and its peripheral region, compare the faults derived from aeromagnetic data with those from seismic data, and identify the geological ages of the fault development. Two aeromagnetic anomaly zones exist in the NE-trending faults of the southern basin, and they are in the volcanic basement formed in pre-Paleozoic. These NE-trending faults are the channel of volcanic material upwelling in the early age (Archean-Neoproterozoic), where igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks stack successively on both sides of the continental nucleus. In the Cambrian, the basin interior is relatively stable, but in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic, the basin margin underwent a number of volcanic activities, accompanied by the formation of nearly north-south and east-west basement faults in the basin periphery and resulting in accumulation of great amount of volcanic materials. Volcanic tuff from the basin periphery is discovered in the central basin and volcanic materials are exposed in the margins of the basin. According to the source-reservoir-cap rock configuration, the basin peripheral igneous traps formed in the Indosinian-Early Yanshanian and Late Hercynian are favorable exploration objectives, and the volcanic rocks in the central basin are the future target of exploration. | Li Ming Gao JianRong | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，11： | 13 |
| 20 | Study on Moist Potential Vorticity and Symmetric Instabilityduring a Heavy Rain Event Occurred inthe Jiang-Huai Valleys显示文摘1.IntroductionSubsequenttothe1970s,manynativemeteorologicalresearchersdiscoveredthatmesoaiscalesymmetricinstabilitydisturbanceislikelytoplayanimportantroleintriggeringandorganizingbandedconvectionandresponsibledirectlyformultiplerain--bands.Asahighly... | 寿绍文 李耀辉 | 1999 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1999，16，2： | 13 |
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