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| 1 | The Interannual Variability of East Asian Winter Monsoon and Its Relation to the Summer Monsoon显示文摘Based on the NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data the interannual variability of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is studied with a newly defined EAWM intensity index. The marked features for a strong (weak) winter monsoon include strong (weak) northerly winds along coastal East Asia, cold (warm) East Asian continent and surrounding sea and warm (cold) ocean from the subtropical central Pacific to the tropical western Pacific, high (low) pressure in East Asian continent and low (high) pressure in the adjacent ocean and deep (weak) East Asian trough at 500 hPa. These interannual variations are shown to be closely connected to the SST anomaly in the tropicaI Pacific, both in the western and eastern Pacific. The results suggest that the strength of the EAWM is mainly innuenced by the processes associated with the SST anomaly over the tropical Pacific. The EAWM generally becomes weak when there is a positive SST anomaly in the tropical eastern Pacific (E1 Nino), and it becomes strong when there is a negative SST anomaly (La Nina). Moreover, the SST anomaly in the South China Sea is found to be closely related to the EAWM and may persist to the following summer. Both the circulation at 850 hPa and the rainfall in China confirm the connection between the EAWM and the following East Asian summer monsoon. The possibIe reason for the recent 1998 summer flood in China is briefly discussed too. | 陈文 Han-F.Graf 黄荣辉 | 2000 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2000，17，1： | 146 |
| 2 | Interannual and Decadal Variations of Snow Cover overQinghai-Xizang Plateau and Their Relationships to Summer Monsoon Rainfall in China显示文摘Interannual and decadal variations of winter snow cover over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) are analyzed by using monthly mean snow depth data set of 60 stations over QXP for the period of 1958 through 1992. It is found that the winter snow cover over QXP bears a pronounced quasi-biennial oscillation. and it underwent an obvious decadal transition from a poor snow cover period to a rich snow cover period in the late 1970’s during the last 40 years. It is shown that the summer rainfall in the eastern China is closely associated with the winter snow cover over QXP not only in the interannual variation but also in the decadal variation. A clear relationship exists in the quasi-biennial oscillation between the summer rainfall in the northern part of North China and the southern China and the winter snow cover over QXP. Furthermore, the summer rainfall in the four climate divisions of Qinling-Daba Mountains, the Yangtze-Huaihe River Plain, the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River showed a remarkable transition from drought period to rainy period in the end of 1970’s, in good correspondence with the decadal transition of the winter snow cover over QXP. | 陈烈庭 吴仁广 | 2000 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2000，17，1： | 50 |
| 3 | A very strong summer monsoon event during 30-40 kaBP in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and its relation to precessional cycle显示文摘Guliya ice core records, high lake-level records in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and at its north side as well as vegetation succession records indicated that during the period of 30-40 kaBP, namely the later age of the megainterstadial of last glacial period, or the marine oxygen isotope stage 3, the climate of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was exceptionally warm and humid, the temperature was 2-4℃ higher than today and the precipitation was 40% to over 100% | Shi, YF Liu, XD Li, BY Yao, TD | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，20： | 40 |
| 4 | Climatic Features Related to Eastern China Summer Rainfalls in the NCAR CCM3显示文摘The climatic features associated with the eastern China summer rainfalls (ECSR) are examined in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model Version 3 (CCM3) of the United States of America. and run with time-evolving sea surface temperature (SST) from September 1978 to August 1993. The CCM3 is shown to capture the salient seasonal features of ECSR. As many other climate models. however. there are some unrealistic projections of ECSR in the CCM3. The most unacceptable one is the erroneously intensified precipitation center on the east periphery of the Tibetan Plateau and its northeastward extension. The artificial strong rainfall center is fairly assessed by comparing with the products of the station rainfall data. Xie and Arkin (1996) rainfall data and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (Gibson et al.. 1997). The physical processes involved in the formation of the rainfall center are discussed. The preliminary conclusion reveals that it is the overestimated sensible heating over and around the Tibetan Plateau in the CCM3 that causes the heavy rainfall. The unreal strong surface sensible heating over the southeast and northeast of Tibetan Plateau favors the forming of a powerful subtropical anticyclone over the eastern China. The fake enclosed subtropical anticyclone center makes the moist southwest wind fasten on the east periphery of the Tibetan Plateau and extend to its northeast. In the southeast coast of China. locating on the southeast side of the subtropical anticyclone, the southwest monsoon is decreased and even replaced by northeast wind in some cases. In the CCM3, therefore. the precipita- tion is exaggerated on the east periphery of the Tibetan Plateau and its northeast extension and is underestimated in the southeast coast of China. | 宇如聪 李薇 张学洪 刘屹岷 俞永强 刘海龙 周天军 | 2000 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2000，17，4： | 33 |
| 5 | Seasonal Transition of Summer Rainy Season over Indochina and Adjacent Monsoon Region显示文摘SeasonalTransitionofSummerRainySeasonoverIndochinaandAdjacentMonsoonRegionJunMatsumotoDepartmentofGeography,UniversityofTokyo... | Jun MatsumotoDepartment of Geography, University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan | 1997 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1997，14，2： | 26 |
| 6 | Altered trends in carbon uptake in China’s terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus显示文摘The carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems in China are strongly coupled with climate changes.Over the past decade,China has experienced dramatic climate changes characterized by enhanced summer monsoon and decelerated warming.However,the changes in the trends of terrestrial net ecosystem production(NEP)in China under climate changes are not well documented.Here,we used three ecosystem models to simulate the spatiotemporal variations in China's NEP during 1982–2010 and quantify the contribution of the strengthened summer monsoon and warming hiatus to the NEP variations in four distinct climatic regions of the country.Our results revealed a decadal-scale shift in NEP from a downtrend of–5.95 Tg C/yr^2(reduced sink)during 1982–2000 to an uptrend of 14.22 Tg C/yr^2(enhanced sink)during 2000–10.This shift was essentially induced by the strengthened summer monsoon,which stimulated carbon uptake,and the warming hiatus,which lessened the decrease in the NEP trend.Compared to the contribution of 56.3%by the climate effect,atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen deposition had relatively small contributions(8.6 and 11.3%,respectively)to the shift.In conclusion,within the context of the global-warming hiatus,the strengthening of the summer monsoon is a critical climate factor that enhances carbon uptake in China due to the asymmetric response of photosynthesis and respiration.Our study not only revealed the shift in ecosystem carbon sequestration in China in recent decades,but also provides some insight for understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics in other monsoonal areas. | Honglin He Shaoqiang Wang Li Zhang Junbang Wang Xiaoli Ren Lei Zhou Shilong Piao Hao Yan Weimin Ju Fengxue Gu Shiyong Yu Yuanhe Yang Miaomiao Wang Zhongen Niu Rcmg Ge Huimin Yan Mei Huang Guoyi Zhou Yongfei Bai Zongqiang Xie Zhiyao Tang Bingfang Wu Leiming Zhang Nianpeng He Qiufeng Wang Guirui Yu | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 24 |
| 7 | A projection of future changes in summer precipitation and monsoon in East Asia显示文摘The future potential changes in precipitation and monsoon circulation in the summer in East Asia are projected using the latest generation of coupled climate models under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario (a medium emission scenario).The multi-model ensemble means show that during the period of 2010-2099,the summer precipitation in East Asia will increase and experience a prominent change around the 2040s,with a small increase (~1%) before the end of the 2040s and a large increase (~9%) afterward.This kind of two-stage evolution characteristic of precipitation change can be seen most clearly in North China,and then in South China and in the mid and lower Yangtze River Valley.In 2010-2099,the projected precipitation pattern will be dominated by a pattern of 'wet East China' that explains 33.6% of EOF total variance.The corresponded time coefficient will markedly increase after the 2040s,indicating a great contribution from this mode to the enhanced precipitation across all East China.Other precipitation patterns that prevail in the current climate only contribute a small proportion to the total variance,with no prominent liner trend in the future.By the late 21st century,the monsoon circulation will be stronger in East Asia.At low level,this is due to the intensification of southwesterly airflow north of the anticyclone over the western Pacific and the SCS,and at high level,it is caused by the increased northeasterly airflow east of the anticyclone over South Asia.The enhanced monsoon circulation will also experience a two-stage evolution in 2010-2099,with a prominent increase (by ~0.6 m s-1) after the 2040s.The atmospheric water vapor content over East Asia will greatly increase (by ~9%) at the end of 21st century.The water vapor transported northward into East China will be intensified and display a prominent increase around the 2040s similar to other examined variables.These indicate that the enhanced precipitation over East Asia is caused by the increases in both monsoon circulation and water vapor,which is greatly different from South Asia.Both the dynamical and thermal dynamic variables will evolve consistently in response to the global warming in East Asia,i.e.,the intensified southwesterly monsoon airflow corresponding to the increased water vapor and southwesterly moisture transport. | Ying Sun YiHui Ding | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，2： | 23 |
| 8 | On the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 1998显示文摘Through analyzing the NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis data, the satellite observational data and the ATLAS-2 mooring buoy observational data, it is shown that May 21 is the onset date of the South China Sea summer monsoon in 1998. There were abrupt variations in the general circulation pattern at the lower troposphere and the upper troposphere, in upper hi stream location and in the convection and rainfall over the South China Sea region corresponding to the outbreak of the South China Sea summer monsoon. It is also indicated that there was rainfall in the southern China coastal region before onset of summer monsoon, but it resulted from the (cold) front activity and cannot be regarded as the sign of summer monsoon outbreak in the South China Sea. | 李崇银 吴静波 | 2000 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2000，17，2： | 23 |
| 9 | Land-atmosphere-ocean coupling associated with the Tibetan Plateau and its climate impacts显示文摘This paper reviews recent advances regarding land-atmosphere-ocean coupling associated with the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and its climatic impacts.Thermal forcing over the TP interacts strongly with that over the Iranian Plateau,forming a coupled heating system that elevates the tropopause,generates a monsoonal meridional circulation over South Asia and creates conditions of large-scale ascent favorable for Asian summer monsoon development.TP heating leads to intensification and westward extension(northward movement)of the South Asian High(Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone),and exerts strong impacts on upstream climate variations from North Atlantic to West Asia.It also affects oceanic circulation and buoyancy fields via atmospheric stationary wave trains and air-sea interaction processes,contributing to formation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.The TP thermal state and atmospheric-oceanic conditions are highly interactive and Asian summer monsoon variability is controlled synergistically by internal TP variability and external forcing factors. | Yimin Liu Mengmeng Lu Haijun Yang Anmin Duan Bian He Song Yang Guoxiong Wu | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，3： | 21 |
| 10 | High-resolution peat records for Holocene monsoon history in the eastern Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The variations of summer and winter monsoons during the Holocene in the eastern Ti-betan Plateau are shown to follow two basic models based on the reliable dating and high-resolution monsoon proxies determinations, one being a synchronous model in that both summer and winter monsoons are strengthening or decreasing, and the other to form a complementary pattern. These two different patterns evenly interact with each other on different time scales and together compose a complicated monsoon climatic model in this region. The climatic condition integrated by winter and summer monsoons is synchronous to the global pattern, which also shows the instability of the Holocene climate on centennial-millennial timescale. The abrupt monsoon event in about 6.2 ka cal. BP is much more severe than that in ca. 8.0 ka cal. BP, which indicates the regional character of the Asian monsoon and that the Asian monsoon climate is indeed a window on the global climate system. | Lars G. Franzen A.J.Tim Jull | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，6： | 17 |
| 11 | An 8.1Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau显示文摘Carbonates in loess-red clay sequences consist mainly of calcite and dolomite. The EDTA analysis of carbonates in different size fractions and magnetic susceptibility reveal that calcite is a sensitive index of summer monsoon. The chemical analysis of carbonates and calcite from an 8.1 Ma loess-red clay sequence at Chaona on the Chinese central Loess Plateau shows that the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon experienced four stages, namely 8.1―5.5 Ma, 5.5―2.8 Ma, 2.8―1.5 Ma and 1.5―0 Ma, with increasing intensification and fluctuation, suggesting a possible combining impacts of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global changes on the Asian summer monsoon. | CHEN XiuLing FANG XiaoMin AN ZhiSheng HAN WenXia WANG Xin BAI Yan HONG Ye | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，3： | 16 |
| 12 | Reconstruction of summer temperature (June-August) at Mt.Helan,China,from tree-ring stable carbon isotope values since AD 1890显示文摘From stable carbon isotope analysis of tree-rings of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) from Mt. Helan, China, we found that high-δ13C values were related to high mean temperatures from June to August (T68), and low-δ 13C values corresponded to low T68. From these data, a transfer function has been used to reconstruct summer temperatures (T68) for the Mt. Helan region. The explained variance of reconstruction is 34.9% (F=15.01, p<0.001). The time period containing the highest summer temperatures in northern China (late 1920-1930s) was confirmed by our reconstruction. The data indicate that there is a tele-connection between summer temperatures in Mt. Helan area and sea-surface-temperatures in the tropical Pacific. The extreme low temperature periods around the years of 1920 and 1947 for Mt. Helan region correspond well to the cold climate in the tropical Pacific. Along with other analyses, this suggests that climate variations in the Mt. Helan region are driven not only by local events, but also by the global climate. Significant periodicities appearing in the reconstruction are 2.56 and 2.63 years. | 刘禹 马利民 蔡秋芳 安芷生 刘卫国 高玲瑜 | 2002 | Science China Earth Sciences2002，45，12： | 14 |
| 13 | Diurnal Variations of Precipitation over North China Regulated by the Mountain-plains Solenoid and Boundary-layer Inertial Oscillation显示文摘The mountain-plains solenoid(MPS) and boundary-layer inertial oscillation(BLO) are two typical regional forcings at the diurnal time scale. Their relative role in regulating the diurnal variations of summer rainfall over North China and their change under different monsoon conditions are studied using a 19-yr archive of satellite rainfall and reanalysis data. It is shown that both a strong MPS and BLO can increase nocturnal rainfall in the North China plains but exhibit evident regional differences. The MPS-induced nocturnal rainfall is relatively confined to the plains adjacent to mountains from late night to morning, due to the upward branch of the nighttime MPS. In contrast, the BLO-induced nocturnal rainfall strengthens from early evening and is more extensive in early morning over the open plains further east. The contrasting effect in the evening is related to the convergent(divergent) easterly anomaly in the plains under the BLO(MPS). The BLO also induces the relatively strong enhancement of moisture convergence and high humidity by the southerly anomaly at late night. On strong monsoon days, the nocturnal rainfall amount associated with the MPS and BLO increases considerably in the plains.Both regional forcings become effective in regulating the rainfall diurnal cycle with enhanced moisture convergence under monsoon conditions. Their induced diurnal amplitudes of moisture convergence can be comparable to the daily mean by monsoon flow. The regional forcings thus couple with monsoon flow to strengthen rainfall in the plains, particularly from late night to morning. The results highlight that a combination of regional and large-scale forcings can strongly regulate the warm-season climate. | He PAN Guixing CHEN | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，8： | 14 |
| 14 | Interannual Variability of the Convective Activities Associated with the East Asian Summer Monsoon Obtained from TBBV ariability显示文摘1.IntroductionSouthAsiaandEastAsiaareahugemonsoonsystem,inwhichtheEastAsianmonsoonisitssubmonsoonsystem.BecausetheEastAsiansu... | 任保华 黄荣辉 | 1999 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1999，16，1： | 13 |
| 15 | Teleconnection between the Indian summer monsoon onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley显示文摘Based on the Indian and Chinese precipitation data and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis circulation data, the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley has been discussed by the methods of correlation analysis and composite analysis. The results show that the date of ISM onset over Kerala in the southwestern coast of the Indian Peninsula is about two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley. After the outbreak of ISM, the teleconnection mode sets up from the western coast of India via the Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. It is different both in time and space from the telecon- nection mode which is from the northwest of India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern China. The for- mer mode is defined as the 'south' teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon, forming in the pe- riod of ISM onset; while the latter mode is called the 'north' teleconnection, mainly occurring in the Asian monsoon culminant period. During the process of the 'south' teleconnection’s formation, the Asian monsoon circulation has experienced a series of important changes: ISM onset, the northward movement of the south Asia high (SAH), the onset vortex occurrence, the eastward extension of the stronger tropical westerly belt, and the northeastward jump of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), etc. Consequently, since ISM sets up over Kerala, the whole Asian continent is covered by the upper SAH after about two weeks, while in the mid- and lower troposphere, a strong wind belt forms from the Arabian Sea via the southern India, BOB and the South China Sea (SCS), then along the western flank of WPSH, to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. With the northward moving of the subtropical jet streams, the upper westerly jet stream and the low level jet have been coupled ver- tically over east Asia, while the Yangtze River Valley happens to locate in the ascending motion area between the upper jet stream and the low level jet, i.e. right of the entrance of the upper jet stream and left of the low level jet. Such a structure of the vertical circulation can trigger the Meiyu onset over the Yangtze River Valley. | LIU YunYun1,2,3 & DING YiHui2 1 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2 National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，7： | 13 |
| 16 | Recent Progress in Studies of the Variabilities and Mechanisms of the East Asian Monsoon in a Changing Climate显示文摘Located in a monsoon domain,East Asia suffers devastating natural hazards induced by anomalous monsoon behaviors.East Asian monsoon(EAM)research has traditionally been a high priority for the Chinese climate community and is particularly challenging in a changing climate where the global mean temperature has been rising.Recent advances in studies of the variabilities and mechanisms of the EAM are reviewed in this paper,focusing on the interannual to interdecadal time scales.Some new results have been achieved in understanding the behaviors of the EAM,such as the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM),including both its onset and withdrawal over the South China Sea,the changes in the northern boundary activity of the EASM,or the transitional climate zone in East Asia,and the cycle of the EASM and the East Asian winter monsoon and their linkages.In addition,understanding of the mechanism of the EAM variability has improved in several aspects,including the impacts of different types of ENSO on the EAM,the impacts from the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean,and the roles of mid-to high-latitude processes.Finally,some scientific issues regarding our understanding of the EAM are proposed for future investigation. | Wen CHEN Lin WANG Juan FENG Zhiping WEN Tiaojiao MA Xiuqun YANG Chenghai WANG | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，9： | 13 |
| 17 | Natural and human-induced changes in summer climate over the East Asian monsoon region in the last half century: A review显示文摘In the last half century,a significant warming trend occurred in summer over eastern China in the East Asian monsoon region.However,there were no consistent trends with respect to the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) or the amount of summer rainfall averaged over eastern China.Both of the EASM and summer rainfall exhibited clear decadal variations.Obvious decadal shifts of EASM occurred around the mid- and late 1970 s,the late 1980 s and the early 1990 s,and the late 1990 s and early 2000 s,respectively.Summer rainfall over eastern China exhibited a change in spatial distribution in the decadal timescale,in response to the decadal shifts of EASM.From the mid- and late 1970 s to the late 1980 s and the early 1990 s,there was a meridional tri-polar rainfall distribution anomaly with more rainfall over the Yangtze River valley and less rainfall in North and South China; but in the period from the early 1990 s to the late 1990 s and the early 2000 s the tri-polar distribution changed to a dipolar one,with more rainfall appearing over southern China south to the Yangtze River valley and less rainfall in North China.However,from the early 2000 s to the late 2000 s,the Yangtze River valley received less rainfall.The decadal changes in EASM and summer rainfall over eastern China in the last half century are closely related to natural internal forcing factors such as Eurasian snow cover,Arctic sea ice,sea surface temperatures in tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean,oceaneatmospheric coupled systems of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) and AsianePacific Oscillation(APO),and uneven thermal forcing over the Asian continent.Up to now,the roles of anthropogenic factors,such as greenhouse gases,aerosols,and land usage/cover changes,on existing decadal variations of EASM and summer rainfall in this region remain uncertain. | ZHANG Ren-He | 2015 | Advances in Climate Change Research2015，6，2： | 13 |
| 18 | Oscillation characteristics of summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley and relevant climate background显示文摘Based on the summer precipitation data from the Huaihe River valley and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 1922 to 2007,we analyzed the interannual and interdecadal oscillation and probability distribution characteristics of summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley during the same period,using the wavelet transform and generalized extreme distribution methods.Whereby,we studied the climate background of East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM),Sea Surface Temperature (SST),East Asia telecorrelation circulation,and their relationship with the interannual and interdecadal oscillation of summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley.We further compared the difference of interdecadal oscillation of summer precipitation and the relevant climate background between the Huaihe River valley and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The results show that:1) The intensity change of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley is consistent with that of interdecadal oscillation.The summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley has been more than normal since the end of the 1990s,and the QBO is very significant.Meanwhile,the probability of occurrence of extreme heavy rainfall increased obviously.2) The interdecadal oscillation of summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley has a close relationship with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and interdecadal oscillation of EASM.When PDO is in the cold phase and EASM weakens,the summer precipitation will be greater than normal.3) QBO of summer precipitation in the Huaihe River valley is mainly controlled by that of EASM,and it has a relationship with a circulation pattern of 'positive-negative-positive' from the high to the low latitudes in East Asia.4) There is interdecadal phase difference in summer precipitation between the Huaihe River valley and the middle and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,which is mainly related to the intensity and position of West Pacific subtropical high. | FengYing Wei Ting Zhang | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，2： | 13 |
| 19 | 2018: The Hottest Summer in China and Possible Causes显示文摘In 2018,China experienced the hottest summer since 1961.The maximum,mean,and minimum temperatures all reached the highest.Air temperatures in most regions were much higher than normal;in northern China especially,the temperature anomalies were above double of the standard deviations.Consistent variations of temperature anomalies appeared in the national mean and in northern China on different timescales from intraseasonal to annual,indicating that the above normal temperature in northern China contributed significantly to the record-breaking hot summer of entire China.Relationships among the high temperature in summer 2018,the tropospheric circulation,and the global sea surface temperatures(SSTs)are further analyzed.It is found that the intensified and more northward western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH),weakened Northeast China cold vortex(NECV),and positive geopotential height anomaly from northern China to the Sea of Japan resulted in the abnormally high temperature in summer 2018.From late July to mid August,the WPSH was stronger than normal,with its ridge line jumping to north of 40°N;meanwhile,the NECV was much weaker and more northward than normal;both of the two systems led to the persistent high temperature in northern China during this period.In addition,the SSTs in Kuroshio and its extension area(K–KE)in summer 2018 were also the highest since 1961 and the greatest positive SST anomaly in K–KE was favorable for the above normal geopotential height over North China–Northeast China–Japan at 500 hPa,giving rise to the exceptionally high temperature in northern China. | Ting DING Yuan YUAN Jianming ZHANG Hui GAO | 2019 | Journal of Meteorological Research2019，33，4： | 13 |
| 20 | A 60 000-year loess-paleosol record of millennial-scale summer monsoon instability from Lanzhou, China显示文摘The 28-m high-resolution Shajinping loess section in Lanzhou on the Chinese western Loess Plateau records a detailed history of millennial Asian summer monsoon change since the earlier last glaciation. Summer monsoon proxies of soil magnetic susceptibility, carbonate content and soil color show that Asian summer monsoon experienced a series of rapid | Yugo Ono Hitoshi Fukusawa Keiichi Oi | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，24： | 12 |
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