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| 1 | Mathematical Models for Combined Refraction-Diffraction of Waves on Non-Uniform Current and Depth显示文摘Two mathematical models for combined refraction-diffraction of regular and irregular waves on non-uniform current in water of slowly varying topography are presented in this paper. Model I is derived by wave theory and variational principle separately. It has two kinds of expressions including the dissipation term. Model n is based on the energy conservation equation with energy flux through the wave crest lines in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates and the wave kinematic conservation equation. The analysis and comparison and special cases of these two models are also given. | Hong Guangwen Professor, Research Institute of Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210024 | 1996 | China Ocean Engineering1996,11,4: | 35 |
| 2 | Numerical simulation of mechanisms of deformation,failure and energy dissipation in porous rock media subjected to wave stresses显示文摘The pore characteristics,mineral compositions,physical and mechanical properties of the subarkose sandstones were acquired by means of CT scan,X-ray diffraction and physical tests.A few physical models possessing the same pore characteristics and matrix properties but different porosities compared to the natural sandstones were developed.The 3D finite element models of the rock media with varied porosities were established based on the CT image processing of the physical models and the MIMICS software platform.The failure processes of the porous rock media loaded by the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) were simulated by satisfying the elastic wave propagation theory.The dynamic responses,stress transition,deformation and failure mechanisms of the porous rock media subjected to the wave stresses were analyzed.It is shown that an explicit and quantitative analysis of the stress,strain and deformation and failure mechanisms of porous rocks under the wave stresses can be achieved by using the developed 3D finite element models.With applied wave stresses of certain amplitude and velocity,no evident pore deformation was observed for the rock media with a porosity less than 15%.The deformation is dominantly the combination of microplasticity(shear strain),cracking(tensile strain) of matrix and coalescence of the cracked regions around pores.Shear stresses lead to microplasticity,while tensile stresses result in cracking of the matrix.Cracking and coalescence of the matrix elements in the neighborhood of pores resulted from the high transverse tensile stress or tensile strain which exceeded the threshold values.The simulation results of stress wave propagation,deformation and failure mechanisms and energy dissipation in porous rock media were in good agreement with the physical tests.The present study provides a reference for analyzing the intrinsic mechanisms of the complex dynamic response,stress transit mode,deformation and failure mechanisms and the disaster mechanisms of rock media. | JU Yang1,2,WANG HuiJie1,YANG YongMing1,HU QinAng3 & PENG RuiDong1 1 State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rock and Concrete,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China 2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,T2N 1N4,Canada 3 School of Environment and Civil Engineering,College of Engineering,Oklahoma State University,Stillwater,OK 74078,USA | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010,53,4: | 32 |
| 3 | Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in eastern Tibetan Plateau and related crust-mantle coupling pattern显示文摘By using the polarization analysis of teleseismic SKS waveform data recorded at 116 seismic stations which respectively involved in China National Digital Seismograph Network, and Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Qinghai regional digital networks, and portable broadband seismic networks deployed in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet, we obtained the SKS fast-wave direction and the delay time between fast and slow waves of each station by use of the stacking analysis method, and finally acquired the fine image of upper mantle anisotropy in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. We analyzed the crust-mantle coupling deformation on the basis of combining the GPS observation results and the upper mantle anisotropy distribution in the study area. The Yunnan region out of the plateau has dif-ferent features of crust-mantle deformation from the inside plateau. There exists a lateral transitional zone of crust-mantle coupling in the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which is located in the region between 26° and 27°N in the west of Sichuan and Yunnan. To the south of transitional zone, the fast-wave direction is gradually turned from S60°―70°E in southwestern Yunnan to near EW in south-eastern Yunnan. To the north of transitional zone in northwestern Yunnan and the south of western Sichuan, the fast-wave direction is nearly NS. From crust to upper mantle, the geophysical parameters (e.g. the crustal thickness, the Bouguer gravity anomaly, and tectonic stress direction) show the feature of lateral variation in the transitional zone, although the fault trend on the ground surface is inconsis-tent with the fast-wave direction. This transitional zone is close by the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and it may play an important role in the plate boundary dynamics. | Paul SILVER Lucy FLESCH | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007,50,8: | 33 |
| 4 | Effects of the Biot and the squirt-flow coupling interaction on anisotropic elastic waves显示文摘Considering the velocity anisotropy of the solid/fluid relative motion and employment of the BISQ theory based on the one-dimensional porous isotropic case, we establish a two-phase anisotropic elastic wave equation to simultaneously include the Biot and the squirt mechanisms in terms of both the basic principles of the fluid’s mass conservation and the elastic-wave dynamical equations in the two-phase anisotropic rock. Numerical results, while the Biot-flow and the squirt-flow effects are simultaneously considered in the transversely isotropic (Tl) poroelastic medium, show that the attenuation of the quasi P-wave and the quasi SV-wave strongly depend on the permeability anisotropy, and the attenuation behavior at low and high frequencies is contrary. Meanwhile, the attenuation and dispersion of the quasi P-wave are also affected seriously by the anisotropic solid/fluid coupling additional density. | YANG Dinghui & ZHANG Zhongjie Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000,45,23: | 33 |
| 5 | OSCILLATION CONDITION OF SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE WAVELENGTH LASING显示文摘The oscillation condition of simultaneous multiple wavelength lasing(SMWL)has been established.The reliability of result has been verified by experiment.On the basis of this result,the SMWL have achieved in CW and pulse Nd:YAP laser at both 1.0795μm and 1.3414μm. | SHEN Hongyuan | 1990 | Chinese Physics Letters1990,7,4: | 28 |
| 6 | Simulation of spatially coupling dynamic response of train-track time-variant system显示文摘There exist three problems in the calculation of lateral vibration of the train-track time-variant system athome and abroad and the method to solve them is presented. Spatially coupling vibration analysis model of train-track time-variant system is put forward. Each vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system with 26 degrees of freedomand the action of coupler is also considered. The track structure is modeled as an assembly of track elements with 30degrees of freedom, then the spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the train-track time-variant system is es-tablished on the basis of the principle of total potential energy with stationary value and the 'set-in-right-position'rule. The track vertical geometric irregularity is considered as the excitation source of the vertical vibration of thesystem, and the hunting wave of car bogie frame is taken as the excitation source of lateral vibration of the system.The spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the system is solved by Wilson-θ direct integration method. Theapproximation of the calculated results to the spot test results demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of thepresented analysis method. Finally, some other vibration responses of the system are also obtained. | 向俊 李德建 曾庆元 | 2003 | Journal of Central South University of Technology2003,10,3: | 26 |
| 7 | A shallow aftershock sequence in the north-eastern end of the Wenchuan earthquake aftershock zone显示文摘Previous studies show that mature faults are filled with fault gouge in the shallow part and thus cannot accumulate enough strain energy for earthquakes. Therefore most earthquakes are deeper than 5 km, except those events occurring on new faults or in intact rocks. From field observation, Wenchuan earthquake is found to rupture the free surface about 200 km, but the rupture may extend underground much further from teleseismic body waves inversion and aftershocks distribution. In the northeastern end of the rupture zone, deep rupture may induce stress increase near the free surface, and trigger shallow earthquakes. An Ms 5.7 aftershock occurred at Qingchuan, northeast end of Wenchuan earthquake fault on July 24, 2008, featuring thrust mechanism with a 3 km source centroid depth. The shallow focal depth is confirmed with the sPL phase recorded at station L0205. As Rayleigh wave is well only developed for source depth less than 1/5 of epicentral distance, the observed large amplitude of Rg at a distance of 15 km implied depth of 3 km or less. Dozens of aftershocks' sPL waveforms are also analyzed to confirm the source depths less than 3 km. On the other hand, no surface ruptures are found by geological survey or InSAR studies. It is strongly suggested that these aftershock sequences initiate fresh rupture in intact rocks triggered by stress increase from the deep co-seismic rupture of the Wenchuan mainshock. | Luo Yan Ni SiDao Zeng XiangFang Zheng Yong Chen QiFu Chen Yong | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010,53,11: | 26 |
| 8 | Numerical simulation of strong ground motion for the M_s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008显示文摘The Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 is the most destructive earthquake in China in the past 30 years in terms of property damage and human losses. In order to understand the earthquake process and the geo-morphological factors affecting the seismic hazard, we simulated the strong ground mo-tion caused by the earthquake, incorporating three-dimensional (3D) earth structure, finite-fault rupture, and realistic surface topography. The simulated ground motions reveal that the fault rupture and basin structure control the overall pattern of the peak ground shaking. Large peak ground velocity (PGV) is distributed in two narrow areas: one with the largest PGV values is above the hanging wall of the fault and attributed to the locations of fault asperities and rupture directivity; the other is along the north-western margin of the Sichuan Basin and caused by both the directivity of fault rupture and the ampli-fication in the thick sediment basin. Rough topography above the rupture fault causes wave scattering, resulting in significantly larger peak ground motion on the apex of topographic relief than in the valley. Topography and scattering also reduce the wave energy in the forward direction of fault rupture but increase the PGV in other parts of the basin. These results suggest the need for a localized hazard as-sessment in places of rough topography that takes the topographic effects into account. Finally, had the earthquake started at the northeast end of the fault zone and ruptured to the southwest, Chengdu would have suffered a much stronger shaking than it experienced on 12 May, 2008. | ZHANG Wei SHEN Yang CHEN XiaoFei | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008,51,12: | 26 |
| 9 | High-Order Models of Nonlinear and Dispersive Wave in Water of Varying Depth with Arbitrary Sloping Bottom显示文摘High-order models with a dissipative term for nonlinear and dispersive wave in water of va-rying depth with an arbitrary sloping bottom are presented in this article.First,the formal derivations toany high order of μ(=h/λ,depth to deep-water wave length ratio)and ε(=α/h,wave amplitude todepth ratio)for velocity potential,particle velocity vector,pressure and the Boussinesq-type equations forsurface elevation η and horizontal velocity vector U at any given level in water are given.Then,the exactexplicit expressions to the fourth order of μ are derived.Finally,the linear solutions of η,U,C(phase ce-lerity)and C_g(group velocity)for a constant water depth are obtained.Compared with the Airy theory,excellent results can be found even for a water depth as large as the wave legnth.The present high-ordermodels are applicable to nonlinear regular and irregular waves in water of any varying depth(from shal-low to deep)and bottom slope(from mild to steep). | Hong Guangwen Professor, Coastal and Ocean Engineering Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, P. R. China. | 1997 | China Ocean Engineering1997,12,3: | 26 |
| 10 | 全球海域波浪能资源储量分析显示文摘利用1957-2002年ECMWF的ERA-40 wave reanalysis海浪再分析资料,初次计算了全球海域波浪能资源的总储量和有效储量,为海浪发电、海水淡化等波浪能资源开发利用提供科学依据。研究发现:①全球大部分海域的年平均波浪能流密度在10kW/m以上,高值区位于南北半球西风带,呈东西带状分布,南半球西风带的能流密度能达到(60~100)kW/m,北半球西风带约(30~50)kW/m;②全球大部分海域的波浪能资源开发可用波高出现频率在90%以上,南大洋可用波高出现频率整体高于北大洋,大洋中部出现频率高于近岸海域,大洋东部近岸出现频率高于大洋西部近岸;③全球海域的波浪能资源储量可观,总储量的高值区位于南北半球西风带海域,南半球西风带海域的单位面积波浪能资源总储量基本都在50万kW/(h·m)左右,北半球西风带海域基本在(30~50)万kW/(h·m),中低纬海域在(5~30)万kW/(h·m),仅部分零星海域的总储量在5万kW/(h·m)以下,有效储量的分布特征与总储量分布特征较为一致;④综合能流密度的大小、可用波高出现频率、资源储量来看,中国海虽然并不处于全球波浪能资源的优势区域,但仍处于可用区域,相对富集区分布于南海北部、东海中南部海域。 | 郑崇伟 贾本凯 郭随平 庄卉 | 2013 | 资源科学2013,35,8: | 26 |
| 11 | Estimation on dynamic release of phosphorus from wind-induced suspended particulate matter in Lake Taihu显示文摘Through man-made disturbance experiments, the corresponding relationships be-tween suspended particulate matter (SPM) and wind speed in different lake areas were simu-lated, the physicochemical formal transformation and biological mineralizing and decaying processes of phosphorus in SPM were studied, the contribution of phosphorus transformation to phosphorus loading of the water of Lake Taihu was quantitatively estimated. The results show that about 0.44 t·a-1 loading in Lake Taihu mainly comes from phosphorus-releasing action of SPM in physicochemical transformed to soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and the contribution mainly from biological mineralizing and decaying was about 425.8 t·a-1, which is equal to 15.0% of the total external loading of Lake Taihu, namely 4.7—7.5 times as much as SRP loading en-tering the lake by the rivers; thus it is the important source in dynamical internal loading of the lake. The determining factors for dynamical internal loading in lakes are organic phosphorus content in suspended solid and its biological transition availability. | FAN Chengxin1, ZHANG Lu1,2, QIN Boqiang1, WANG Sumin1, HU Weiping1 & ZHANG Chen1 1. Taihu Lake Laboratory for Ecosystem Research, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004,47,8: | 24 |
| 12 | Research on the mechanics of underwater supersonic gas jets显示文摘An experimental research was carried out to study the fluid mechanics of underwater supersonic gas jets. High pressure air was injected into a water tank through converging-diverging nozzles (Laval nozzles). The jets were operated at different conditions of over-, full- and under-expansions. The jet sequences were visualized using a CCD camera. It was found that the injection of supersonic air jets into water is always accompanied by strong flow oscillation, which is related to the phenomenon of shock waves feedback in the gas phase. The shock wave feedback is different from the acoustic feedback when a supersonic gas jet discharges into open air, which causes screech tone. It is a process that the shock waves enclosed in the gas pocket induce a periodic pressure with large amplitude variation in the gas jet. Consequently, the periodic pressure causes the jet oscillation including the large amplitude expansion. Detailed pressure measurements were also conducted to verify the shock wave feedback phenomenon. Three kinds of measuring methods were used, i.e., pressure probe submerged in water, pressure measurements from the side and front walls of the nozzle devices respectively. The results measured by these methods are in a good agreement. They show that every oscillation of the jets causes a sudden increase of pressure and the average frequency of the shock wave feedback is about 5–10 Hz. | SHI HongHui1, WANG BoYi2 & DAI ZhenQing2 1 College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010,53,3: | 22 |
| 13 | Some characteristics and evolution of the internal soliton in the northern South China Sea显示文摘Based on the observational data of an internal soliton in the northern South China Sea (SCS) on June 14, 1998, the possible source of the internal soliton is analyzed, and some of its characteristic parameters such as phase speed, wave length, etc. are computed. Based on the analyses of the vertical modes of the internal wave, the characteristics of the wave-induced current during the propagation of the internal soliton are studied. A regularized long wave (RLW) equation numerical model considering effects of multi-fac-tors is employed, and the observed environmental parame-ters are used as the initial conditions to simulate the propa-gation and evolution of the internal soliton in the continental shelf of the northern SCS. | Cai, SQ Gan, ZJ Long, XM | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002,47,1: | 23 |
| 14 | Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in eastern China显示文摘Based on the polarization analysis of teleseismic SKS waveform data recorded at 65 seismic stations which respectively involved in the permanent and temporary broadband seismograph networks deployed in eastern China, the SKS fast-wave direction and the delay time between the fast and slow shear waves at each station were determined by use of SC method and the stacking analysis method, and then the image of upper mantle anisotropy in eastern China was acquired. In the study region, from south to north, the fast-wave polarization directions are basically EW in South China, gradually clockwise rotate to NWW-SEE in North China, then to NW-SE in Northeast China. The delay time falls into the interval [0.41 s, 1.52 s]. Anisotropic characteristics in eastern China indicate that the upper mantle anisotropy is possibly caused by both the collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates and the subduction from the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plates to the Eurasian Plate. The collision between two plates made the crust of western China thickening and uplifting and the material eastwards extruding, and then caused the upper mantle flow eastwards and southeastwards. The subduction of Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate has resulted in the lithosphere and the asthenosphere deformation in eastern China, and made the alignment of upper mantle peridotite lattice parallel to the deformation direction. The fast-wave polarization direction is consistent with the direction of lithosphere extension and the GPS velocity direction, implying that the crust-upper mantle deformation is possibly a vertically coherent deformation. | CHANG LiJun WANG ChunYong Ding ZhiFeng | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009,52,6: | 21 |
| 15 | The New Form of Time-Dependent Mild Slope Equation for Random Waves显示文摘The mild-slope equation derived by Berkhoff (1972), has widely been used in the numerical calculation of refraction and diffraction of regular waves. However, it is well known that the random sea waves has a significant effect in the refraction and diffraction problems. In this paper, a new form of time-dependent mild slope equation for irregular waves was derived with Fade approximation and Kubo’s time series concept. The equation was simplified using WKB method, and simple and practical irregular mild slope equation was obtained. Results of numerical calculations are compared with those of laboratory experiments. | Zhang Yonggang , Li Yucheng Teng Bin Doctor Degree Candidate, The National Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023Professor, The National,Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023Associate Professor, The National Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023 | 1995 | China Ocean Engineering1995,10,4: | 21 |
| 16 | 基于SWAN模式的“灿鸿”台风浪数值模拟显示文摘以第三代海浪模式SWAN(simulating wave nearshore,近岸海浪数值模型)为基础,构建了东中国海海域波浪数值模式,并以高时间、空间分辨率的CCMP(cross calibrated multi-platform,多平台交叉校正)风场作为驱动风场进行波浪计算,模拟了1509号'灿鸿'台风的波浪过程。同时,对SWAN模式中的底摩擦参数化方案、波浪破碎参数、风能输入与白冠耗散、波-波非线性相互作用等因素对台风浪模拟的影响进行了分析,并对模式中的各影响因素给出了建议。模拟结果与浮标实测有效浪高数据(舟山朱家尖站、南麂岛站、舟山外海站、温州外海站)两者之间的偏差较小,表明本研究所建立的模式以及选择的参数合理,SWAN和CCMP风场的结合能满足海洋波浪数值模拟的需求。本研究对于台风浪数值预报具有参考意义。 | 应王敏 郑桥 朱陈陈 朱业 车助镁 楚栋栋 张继才 | 2017 | 海洋科学2017,41,4: | 21 |
| 17 | Flow-induced vibrations of long circular cylinders modeled by coupled nonlinear oscillators显示文摘The dynamics of long slender cylinders undergoing vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) is studied in this work. Long slender cylinders such as risers or tension legs are widely used in the field of ocean engineering. When the sea current flows past a cylinder, it will be excited due to vortex shedding. A three-dimensional time domain model is formulated to describe the response of the cylinder, in which the in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) deflections are coupled. The wake dynamics, including in-line and cross-flow vibrations, is represented using a pair of non-linear oscillators distributed along the cylinder. The wake oscillators are coupled to the dynamics of the long cylinder with the acceleration coupling term. A non-linear fluid force model is accounted for to reflect the relative motion of cylinder to current. The model is validated against the published data from a tank experiment with the free span riser. The comparisons show that some aspects due to VIV of long flexible cylinders can be reproduced by the proposed model, such as vibrating frequency, dominant mode number, occurrence and transition of the standing or traveling waves. In the case study, the simulations show that the IL curvature is not smaller than CF curvature, which indicates that both IL and CF vibrations are important for the structural fatigue damage. | GE Fei LONG Xu WANG Lei HONG YouShi | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009,52,7: | 20 |
| 18 | TRANSITION OF CONVECTIVE PATTERNS IN A RECTANGULAR CELL显示文摘In this paper our interest is focussed on the behavior in the transition of the Traveling Wave (TW) convective patterns along the nonlinear branch in a rectangular cell of Γ=12 for ψ=-0.11. Our numerical simulations were performed by solving the two-dimensional hydrodynamic equations using the SIMPLE method. Three types of convection patterns appearing in the nonlinear branch of the bifurcation diagram were observed. In particular, the undulation TW state in the rectangular cell was obtained, and the hysteresis in the transition from the TW State to the Stationary Overturning Convection (SOC) was verified. | Ning Li-zhong Institute of Hydraulic Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China Department of Engineering, Nitto Co. Ltd., Ikebukuro 2-77-5, Toushima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014, Japan Yoshifumi Harada Department of Applied Physics, Fac | 2001 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2001,13,4: | 20 |
| 19 | Elastography-based screening for esophageal varices in patients with advanced chronic liver disease显示文摘Elastography-based liver stiffness measurement(LSM) is a non-invasive tool for estimating liver fibrosis but also provides an estimate for the severity of portal hypertension in patients with advanced chronic liver disease(ACLD). The presence of varices and especially of varices needing treatment(VNT) indicates distinct prognostic stages in patients with compensated ACLD(cACLD). The Baveno VI guidelines suggested a simple algorithm based on LSM < 20 kPa(by transient elastography, TE) and platelet count > 150 G/L for ruling-out VNT in patients with cACLD. These(and other) TE-based LSM cut-offs have been evaluated for VNT screening in different liver disease etiologies. Novel point shear-wave elastography(pSWE) and two-dimensional shear wave elastography(2D-SWE) methodologies for LSM have also been evaluated for their ability to screen for 'any' varices and for VNT. Finally, the measurement of spleen stiffness(SSM) by elastography(mainly by pSWE and 2D-SWE) may represent another valuable screening tool for varices. Here, we summarize the current literature on elastography-based prediction of 'any' varices and VNT. Finally,we have summarized the published LSM and SSM cut-offs in clinically useful scale cards. | Rafael Paternostro Thomas Reiberger Theresa Bucsics | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019,25,3: | 20 |
| 20 | A New Method of Measurement for Elastic Wave Velocities in Minerals and Rocks at High Temperature and High Pressure and Its Significance显示文摘We developed a new method of measurement for elastic wave velocity of rocks and minerals at high temperature and high pressure in a wedge-type cubic anvil. The shear-wave and other ultrasonic wave can be identified by full wave phase analysis (FWPA), thus the velocities of compression-wave and shear-wave can be obtained in a single experiment. We have done the measurements of elastic wave velocities on pyrophyllite, etc. at high pressure (0.1—5.5 GPa) and high temperature (ambient temperature 1600℃), the ranges of the pressure and the temperature are in the head among the methods of the wave velocites measurement in laboratory in the world. | 谢鸿森 张月明 徐惠刚 侯渭 郭捷 赵鸿儒 | 1993 | Science China Chemistry1993,36,10: | 20 |