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Groundwater monitoring of an open-pit limestone quarry:Water-rock interaction and mixing estimation within the rock layers by geochemical and statistical analyses

查看全文 作　　者：Khy Eam [1]Eang;Toshifumi [2]Igarashi;Megumi [3]Kondo;Tsurugi [4]Nakatani;Carlito Baltazar [5]Tabelin;Ryota [1]Fujinaga 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Laboratory of Groundwater and Mass Transport,Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering,Graduate School of Engineering,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8628,Japan;[2]Laboratory of Groundwater and Mass Transport,Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering,Faculty of Engineering,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 060-8628,Japan;[3]Mitsubishi Materials Corporation,Tokyo 1008117,Japan;[4]Ryoko Lime Industry Co.,Ltd.,Chichibu-gun,Saitama 3680072,Japan;[5]Laboratory of Mineral Processing and Resources Recycling,Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering,Faculty of Engineering,Hokkaido University,Sapporo 0608628,Japan高影响力机构 出　　处：《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》索引2018年第28卷第6期,共9页高影响力期刊 摘　　要：Water-rock interaction and groundwater mixing are important phenomena in understanding hydrogeological systems and the stability of rock slopes especially those consisting largely of moderately watersoluble minerals like calcite. In this study, the hydrogeological and geochemical evolutions of groundwater in a limestone quarry composed of three strata: limestone layer(covering), interbedded layer under the covering layer, and slaty greenstone layer(basement) were investigated. Water-rock interaction in the open-pit limestone quarry was evaluated using PHREEQC, while hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to classify and identify water sources responsible for possible groundwater mixing within rock layers. In addition, Geochemist's Workbench was applied to estimate the mixing fractions to clarify sensitive zones that may affect rock slope stability. The results showed that the changes in Ca2+and HCO3àconcentrations of several groundwater samples along the interbedded layer could be attributed to mixing groundwater from the limestone layer and that from slaty greenstone layer. Based on the HCA and PCA results, groundwaters were classified into several types depending on their origin:(1) groundwater from the limestone layer(LO),(2) mixed groundwater flowing along the interbedded layer(e.g., groundwater samples L-7, L-11, S-3 and S-4), and(3) groundwater originating from the slaty greenstone layer(SO). The mixing fractions of 41% LO: 59% SO, 64% LO: 36% SO, 43%LO: 57% SOand 25% LO: 75% SOon the normal days corresponded to groundwaters L-7, L-11, S-3 and S-4,respectively, while the mixing fractions of groundwaters L-7 and L-11(61% LO: 39% SOand 93% LO: 7% SO,respectively) on rainy days became the majority of groundwater originating from the limestone layer.These indicate that groundwater along the interbedded layer significantly affected the stability of rock slopes by enlarging multi-breaking zones in the layer through calcite dissolution and inducing high water pressure, tension cracks and potential sliding plane along this layer particularly during intense rainfall episodes. 关 键 词：Water-rock interaction GROUNDWATER MIXING Interbedded layer Geochemist’s WORKBENCH ROCK SLOPE stability
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