Deep eutectic ionic liquids based on DABCO-derived quaternary ammonium salts: A promising reaction medium in gaining access to terpyridines

查看全文 作　　者：Muhammad [1]Faisal;Azeem [1]Haider;Quret ul [1]Aein;Aamer [1]Saeed;Fayaz Ali [1]Larik 机构地区：[1]Department of Chemistry,Quaid-I-Azam University,Islamabad,Pakistan 出　　处：《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》索引2019年第13卷第3期,共13页 摘　　要：Owing to the directional H-bonding,coordination and π-stacking abilities,terpyridines have been widely used as supramolecular tectons in molecular architectures,skeletons in molecular devices and metallopolymers,and are gaining importance in medicinal chemistry.In this paper,we have synthesized,characterized and applied deep eutectic ionic liquids (DEILs) based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;triethylenediamine (DABCO)-derived quatemary ammonium salts for the preparation ofterpyridines.These DEILs were synthesized through N-alkylation of DABCO with haloalkanes (1-bromopentane or 1-bromoheptane) followed by mixing and heating with methanol or polyethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond donor.The synthesized DEILs were structurally characterized by IR and NMR.The formation of deep eutectic solvent was confirmed by freezing point depression,it composition was investigated through phase diagram,and its thermal stability was determined through differential scanning calorimetry,derivative thermogravimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis studies.Further,these DEILs were investigated for their effectiveness towards synthesis of 2,2':6',2'-terpyridine,3,2':6',3'-terpyridineand 4,2':6',4'-terpyridine derivatives through Kr(o)hnke reaction.The results show that these three types ofterpyridines can be obtained in reasonable yields (80%-97%) by the one-pot reaction of 2-,3-or 4-acetylpyridine with a variety of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of DEIL as a reaction medium,sodium hydroxide as a base and ammonium acetate as a cyclizing agent.This methodology is highly efficient and cost-effective for synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical terpyridines.Importantly,these DEILs can be reused several times without an obvious loss of activity and are non-toxic,low-volatile,biodegradable and highly thermally stable.Therefore,these DEILs as a non-conventional reaction medium for the synthesis of terpyridines provides appealing opportunities to be investigated in the domain of green synthesis. 关 键 词：TERPYRIDINE deep EUTECTIC SOLVENT IONIC liquid Krohnke REACTION DABCO