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Immune response in COVID-19:addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2

查看全文 作　　者：Michele [1]Catanzaro;Francesca [1,2]Fagiani;Marco [1]Racchi;Emanuela [3]Corsini;Stefano [1]Govoni;Cristina [1]Lanni 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Department of Drug Sciences(Pharmacology Section),University of Pavia,V.le Taramelli 14,27100 Pavia,Italy;[2]Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia,P.zza Vittoria,15,27100 Pavia,Italy;[3]Laboratory of Toxicology,Department of Environmental and Political Sciences,UniversitàDegli Studi di Milano,Via Balzaretti 9,20133 Milano,Italy高影响力机构 出　　处：《Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy》索引2020年第5卷第1期,共10页高影响力期刊 基　　金：supported by the University of Pavia(grants from FR&G 2019,Fondo Ricerca&Giovani,to C.L.). 摘　　要：To date,no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19 and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments.Therefore,based on the fast and global spread of the virus,urgent investigations are warranted in order to develop preventive and therapeutic drugs.In this regard,treatments addressing the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become a major focus.Notably,while a rapid and well-coordinated immune response represents the first line of defense against viral infection,excessive inflammatory innate response and impaired adaptive host immune defense may lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic level.Several studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 patients.In particular,the massive cytokine and chemokine release,the so-called“cytokine storm”,clearly reflects a widespread uncontrolled dysregulation of the host immune defense.Although the prospective of counteracting cytokine storm is compelling,a major limitation relies on the limited understanding of the immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.The identification of signaling pathways altered during viral infections may help to unravel the most relevant molecular cascades implicated in biological processes mediating viral infections and to unveil key molecular players that may be targeted.Thus,given the key role of the immune system in COVID-19,a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind the immune dysregulation might give us clues for the clinical management of the severe cases and for preventing the transition from mild to severe stages. 关 键 词：drugs IMPAIRED STORM
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